一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题与练习

1、一般过去时与现在完成时区别 专题与练习一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题与练习一现在完成时1 .现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have （has）+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范 围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2 .现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为 来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.（现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动

2、作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（D表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被Just、 already> yet等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Tve Just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可 能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I haven't se

3、en her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有 twice, ever,never, three times 等时间状语。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3 .现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in 1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示 不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。alr

4、eady 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to

5、now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but 1 can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, 1 haven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times hav

6、e you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven,t seen him for two years, 但是，像come,arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be (在)”等延 续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive >be herebegin(start)>be ondie>be deadcome back 一be backle

7、ave >be awayfall ill(sick9 asleep)>be ilXsick asleep)get up be upgo out>be outfinish be overput on>wear 或 be onopen>be openjoin一be in 或 be a member of.close>be closedgo to school >be a studentborrow >keepbuy>havecatch(a cold)>have(a cold)get to know 一knowbegin to study

8、一studycome to work >work 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年 了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。4 .几点注意事项(1) have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来 T

9、) ”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)%常用于第三 人称,前者可与 once ,never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京 了。(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了 o(

10、3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一 段时间的状语连用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。(4)表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间 状语时，常用ford一段时间,since+时间点。I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。I have lived here for 10 years.我在这已经住了 10 年了。(5)在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how longHow lon

11、g have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样 的。如：I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了 一周。I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作 或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示

12、过去的事实，不表示和现在 的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1 .过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过 去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2 .过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时 间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,ago, inl980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, t

13、his April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately现在完成时的时间状语foi; since, so far, ever, never; Just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。举

14、例:（强调看的动作发生过了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）她已从巴黎回来了。她是昨天回来了。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.Why did you get up so early?Who hasn't handed in his paper?She has returned from Paris.She returned yesterday.（在团内的状态可延续）（是团员的状态可持续）（三年前入团，Joined为短暂行为。）He has been

15、 in the League for three years.He has been a League member for three years.He Joined the League three years ago.I have flnished my homework now.Will somebody go and get Dr. White?He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in I960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。(错)Tom has written a lette

16、r to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题L A.用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures? No, they haven't .2) Most of us have finished our compositions3) He said he hadn't visited the exhibition _8) 用 since 或 for1) We have learned five les

17、sons the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt's two weeks>C.用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy students? They to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he to Shenzhen.he ever there before ?Yes, he there several times3) He

18、 asked me if Ito Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that citybefore.2 .选择填空LMother me a new coat vesterdav. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made.have triedB. made.have triedC. has made.triedD. made.tried2 "He to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?”

19、 " Last year "A. learned.hasB. learned.didC. has learned. .hasD. has learned. .did3 .Tom up into the tree. Look, he high up there !A. has got.is B. has climbed.wasC. got .was D. climbed.is4 .you the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. DidcopydidB. Havre.copied.haveC. Have.copied.didD. D

20、id copyhad5 . "Why she angry ?” “Because he at her just nowA. did. .get.shoutedB. has.got. .shoutedC. did.get.has shoutedD. has.got.has shouted6 .you the film before ? Where you it ?A. Have .seen.did.see B. Did .see.did.watchC. Have.seen.have.seenD. Did .see.have.seen7 .Ybu me waiting for two h

21、ours* I for you since five.A. kept.waitedB. have kept.waitedC. kept.have waited D. have kept.have waited8 .Where John? To the library. He there for an hour.A.hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas beenC. did.go.wentD. did.be.went9 .the baby still? No, it crying.A. Has.criedhas stoppedB. Is.crying.stoppedC. D

22、id .cry.stoppedD> Is-.crying. .has stopped1. .1 the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew.have livedB. knew.liveC. know.have livedD. know.live11. vou ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have.gone toB. Have.gone inC. Have.been to D. Have .been in12. My brother college for over three years.A. has gone

23、 toB- has been to C. has been inD. has been at13. Hethe Army bv the end of 1989. He in the army since then.A. joinedisB has joined.has beenC. had joined.is D. had joined has been14. By the time I back they up ten satellites.A. came.have sentB. camehad sent C. come.have sent D. had come.sent15. Jack

24、over five lessons by seven o'clock. Then he a rest.A. went.tookB. wenthad takenC. had gone.tookD. had gonehad taken16. We out by that time that he a spy for a long time.A. had foundhad been B. had found.was C. foundhad been D. found.was17. Before the news him, he to know about it.A. reaches.has

25、got B. reached. .had gotC. reached.got D. had reached.got18.1 him a second letter before I from him.A. wrote.heard B. wrotehad heard C. had written.heard D. have written.hear19. People that the soldiers fighting.A. sayhad stopped B. saidhas stoppedC. say.stoppedD. said.had stopped20. We in a good harvest because we enough rain.A. didn't get. .had had B. got.had had C. had got.had had D. got.hadn't had21. They for five hours when thev in New York.A. flewarrivedB. had flown.had arrivedC. flewhad arrivedD. had flown.arrived22. She that it for two days