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1、小升初英语必考知识点汇总: 小升初英文必 背知识点汇总 40 条 1. 现在进行时 表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与 now,listen,look 等词连用,结构 是主语 +be 动词 (am, is, are)+ 动词 ing. 如: It is raining now. It is six o clock now. My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. Look! The children are having a running race now. Listen! Who is singing in the m
2、usic room. 问句将 be 动词移前,否定句在 be 动词后 +not. 2. 一般现在时 表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与 often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year )on Sun days 等词连用。结构是主语 +动词原形;当主 语为第三人称单数即 he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy 等词时,动词后加 s 或 es. 如: We have an English lesson every day. My brother often catches insects at the w
3、eekends. Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do. Ben doesn t do well in PE. 问句借助于 do, does 否定句借助于 don t, doesn t ,后面动词一定要还原。 3. 一般过去时 表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与 just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning 等词 连用,结构是主语 +be 动词的过去式( was; were )或
4、主语 + 动词的过去式。注意: be 动 词与动词过去式不可同时使用。 如: My earphones were on the ground just now. Where were you last week? I was at a camp. What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm 问句有 be 动词将 be 动词移前,没有 be 动词借助于 did ,后面动词还原;否定句有 be 动 词在后面加 not ,没有借助于 didnt 后面动词还原。 4. 一般将来时 表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与 tomorrow, next week(y
5、ear; Tuesday ),this week( weeke nd ;eve ning; after noon; )today 等词连用。结构是主 语+be(am, is, are) goi ng to + 动原或主语 +will + 动原。 如: What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic. My sister is going to play the piano at the concert. The children are going to have a sports meeting next week
6、. Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening. 问句将 be 动词或 will 移前;否定句在 be 动词或 will 后加 not. 5. 情态动词 can; can t; should; shouldn t; must; may 后一定加动词原形。 如: The girl can t swim, but he can skate.Don t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully. 6. 肯定祈使句 以动词原形开头;否定祈使句 以 do
7、n 加动词原形开头。女如: Open the box for me ,please. 请为我打开盒子。 Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow. 刘涛, 明天请早点起床! Don t walk on the grass! 不要在草地上走! Helen! Don t climb the tree,please. 海伦!不要爬树。 7. 去干嘛用 go + 动词 ing 如 : go swimming; go fishing; go skating; go camping; go running; go skii ng; go row ing 8. than
8、 前用比较级;as as 之间用原级。 女口: My mother is two years younger than my father. 我妈比我爸年轻两岁。 Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben. 刘涛跳得和本一样远。 9. 喜欢做某事用 like + 动词 ing 或 like+ to + 动原。 如: Su Yang likes growing flowers. 苏阳喜欢种花。 The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival. 孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。 10. 想要做某事用 would like
9、 +to+ 动原或 want + to + 动原。 Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum. 11. some 用于肯定句中, 在否定句和问句中改为 any, 但当表示委婉语气时仍用如: Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice? 12. 人称代词主格 做主语用,一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they 。 宾格 做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后如: Let u
10、s ,join me 等。宾格分另 U 是 me you him her it us you them 。形容词性物主代词 放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是 my your his her its our your their 。名词性物主代词 相当于形物加名词, 它只能单独使用后面不好加名词, 分另是 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 。 13. 介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加 动词 ing 形式,女口: be good at running; do well in jumping; 14. 季节前,月份前用介词 in ,如: in sum
11、mer ;in March ,具体的哪一天如星期几,几 月几日用介词 on 如: on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning ,在几点钟前用介词 at 如: at a quarter to four; 只在上下午晚上用 in 如: in the morning/ afternoon/ evening; 但在夜间用 at night 。另: 季节,月份和星期前不 好加 the. 15. 名词复数 构成的方法有规则的有 (1) 直接在名词后加 s 如 orange oranges; photo photos;(2) 以 x,
12、s, sh, ch 结尾的加 es 如: box boxes; glass glasses; waitress waitresses; watch watches; peach-peaches(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 加 es 如: study studies ;library libraries; hobby hobbies; family families;(4) 以 f, fe 结尾的 改 f, fe 为 ves 如: knife knives; thief thieves (注 :以 o 结尾的我们学过的只有 mango 加 es, mango mangoes 其
13、余加 s,) Open them for me. 不规则的有: man men; woman women; people people; child children 16. 动词第三人称单数 的构成 (1) 直接在动词后加 s 如: run runs; dance dances(2) 以 s,sh,ch,o 结尾的加 es 如: do does;go goes;wash washes;catch catches (3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 加 es 如: study studies; carry carries; 17. 现在分词 的构成 (1) 直接在动词后加 ing
14、如: sing singing; ski skiing;(2) 双写词尾加 ing 如: swim swimming; jog jogging;run running;(3) 以不发音的 e 结尾的去 e 加 ing 如: ride riding; dance dancing; make making; 18. 规则动词过去式 的构成 (1) 直接在动词后加 ed ,如: clean cleaned; milk milked; play played;(2) 以 e 结尾的直接加 d 如: dance danced; taste tasted;(3) 以辅音 字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i
15、加 ed 如: study studied;carry carried;(4) 双写词尾加 ed 如: stop stopped; jog jogged; 不规则的有 am,is was; are were; do,does did; have,has had; go went; meet met; sit sat; see saw; get got; tell told; run ran; come came; steal stole; read read; 19. 形容词副词比较级 的构成规则的 (1) 直接在形容词或副词后加 er 如; small smaller; low lower;
16、(2) 以 e 结尾的加 r 如口 : late larer;(3)双写词尾加 er 如口: big bigger; thin thinner; fat fatter;(4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 力口 er 如口: heavy heavier; early earlier; 不规则的有: good, well better( 最高级为 best); many, much- more( most); far-farther; 20. rain 与 snow 的用法 (1) 作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如: There is a lot of rain there in
17、spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。 (2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种 形式分别是动词原形 rain ; snow ,第三人称单数 rains ; snows ,现在分词 raining ; snowing 禾口过去式 rained ; snowed;如口: Look! It is raining now. 瞧! 天正在下雨。 It ofte n rains in Nantong in summer. 南通夏天 经常下雨。 It rained yesterday. 昨天下了雨。 It is going to rain tomorrow. 明 天要下雨。 (3)形容词为 rainy 和
18、 snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如: It is often rainy here in spring. 这儿的春天经常是有雨的。 If it is rainy tomorrow, I ll stay at home. 如果明 天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。 21. 比较级时注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。 如: My eyes are bigger than hers. Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy s. My brother is stronger than me. 22. have,
19、 has 表示某人有 (has 用于第三人称单数 ); There is/ are; There was/ were 表示某地存在有 ,注意 There be 句型的就近原则,单数或不可数用 there is /was; 复数用 there are/ were. 23. 眼镜 glasses; 耳机 earphones; 鞋 shoes; 裤子 trousers 等词本身是复数。 如: My glasses were on the chair just now. 但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数如: There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate.
20、This pair of earphones is for you. 最高级为 24. 五个元音字母分别是 Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu; 25. a 用于辅音前不是辅音字母前; an用于元音前不是元音字母前。 女口: There is an s, a t , a u , a d ,an e , an n ,and a t in the word student . 26. 时间表示法 有两种 (!)直接读时钟和分钟。如 6:10 读成 six ten; 7:30 读成 seven thirty; 8:45 读成 eight forty-five;(2) 用 to 与 past 表示。
21、在半小时包 括半小时以内用几分 past 几点如: 6: 10 读成 ten past six; 7:30 读成 half past seven; 过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分, 如 7: 45 读成 a quarter to eight; 9:50 读成 ten to ten; 27. 基数词变序数词的方法 :基变序有规律, 结尾加上 th; 一二三特殊例, 结尾字母 tdd( 即 first, second, third); 八去 t, 九去 e, ve 要用 f 替(即 eigh eighth; nine ninth; five- fifth ;twelve twelfth ) ; ty
22、 改 y 为 ie 后加 th 别忘记(即整十数如 twenty twentieth ; forty fortieth); 几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为 twenty-first )。 另外强调序数词前一定要加 the 。 28. 日期的表示法用 the+ 序数词+ of + 月如三月三日 the third of March; 12 月 25 日 the 25th of December. 29. both 表示两者都 , 如: My parents are both teachers.all students are all very excited. 30. 有 day 的节日前
23、用 on. 没有 day 的节日前用 at, 如: at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year s Day. 31. excited 表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人; exciting 表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是 事情 如: The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited. 赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的表示三者以上都如: The 学生都很激动。 32. 两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级 女口: Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does. 谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。 Which season do you like best? I like autumn best. 你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。 Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better. 你更喜欢哪个
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