定语从句关键点和疑难点

1、定语从句关键点和疑难点引导定语从句的词叫关系词， 分关关系代词有 that, which,定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。 系代词和关系副词两类， 它们要在定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。 who, whom, whose, as ；关系副词有 when, where, why。【关键点 】弄清楚关系词在定语从在定语从句中永远都缺少一个成分， 不存在不缺少成分的情况。句中充当什么成分， 是掌握定语从句的关键。 判断到底是用关系代词还是用关系副词来引导 定语从句，就要看从句中是否缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语；若是，则选择关系代词；若不 是，说明从句中缺少状语，则应选择关系副词。试对比以

2、下两道高考试题：06 山东）（ 1）We are trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.A. which B. that C. where D. when（ 2） Do you have anything to say for yourselves?06 江西） Yes， there's one pointwe must insist on A whyB whereChowD /句意：关系代析:keys: C D.第1题，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，where在定语从句中作状语。我们现在就是要设

3、法达到双方坐下来和谈的程度。 第 2 题，定语从句中缺少宾语时， 词可省略。【 疑难点 】一）介词 +which / whom1. 介词的选择取决于三种情况：定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配；先行词的需要； 先行词和从句的语境相结合。/数词 /代词 + of +2. 在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“名词 which / whom ”的结构。高考考例：二）as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别as 和 which 所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容。有两点不同之处：1 ）在形式上 as 引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后面，主句之前，也可插入主句中间；而which?引导的非

4、限制定语从句只能位于主句之后。2）在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系是一致关系，常译为“正如 ”，“就象.”； 而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系， 或which从句是对主句的评论，相当于“ and this” or “ and that”，常译为“这，这一点” 。三）定语从句与并列句如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开， 要求在第二个分句填入一个代词的话， 首先要弄清句子 结构。第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。 第二分句前如无 and，but，or，so等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，应选用关系代词。四）定语从句与其他从句的区别1. th

5、at 可以引导定语从句 , 名词性从句 , 状语从句 .that 在从句中作成分是定语从句； 若在 从句中不作成分时，则为其它从句。2. When, where, why 既可引导定语从句 , 又可引导名词性从句或状语从句。 在定语从句中， when, where， why 前面有分别表示时间、地点或原因的先行词以之对应， 与先行词在语义上是有关联的； 而在其它从句中无此对应关系， 但有时可以转化为定语从句： whenT the time when ；wherethe place where 或 in/at/to the place where ；why the reason why。以whe

6、re为例加以说明：Go and get your coat. It's in the place where you left it.（ 定语从句， 句中有先行词 the place）Go and get your coat. It' s where you left it.（表语从句，where= in the place where）I don' t know where he came from.（宾语从句， where= the place where）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句， where= the pl

7、ace where）They arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.（同位语从句，where 与question没有意义上的联系）You'd better not leave the medicine where kids can get at it.（地点状语从句， where 与 themedicine 没有意义上的联系，where=at the place where.）（ 08 山东）五）几个特殊表达形式：1. way后面的定语从句（用 that/ in which或省略）。2. activity

8、、point、situation、job、business、scenes case等表示扌由象意义的地点名词， 后常用 where或in which 引导定语从句；occasion后则常用 when或 on which引导定语从句。六）定语从句中的“隔离”现象1. 有时为了行文的需要，定语从句和它所修饰的先行词被谓语，状语，第一后置定语 等成分所分隔。解此类试题，找准先行词是关键。2. 为了增加语言的灵活性和丰富性，在定语从句中经常使用插入语，尤其是在关系词 和其引导的从句之间。解题时，忽略掉插入语，题就变得简单了。【巩固练习】1. By nine o'clock, all the O

9、lympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, app eared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to sp read our further, _New York is an exa mple.A. for whichB. i n whichC. of whichD. from which3. We saw se

10、veral n atives adva ncing towards our p arty, and one of them came up to us,weD. with whichgave some bells and glasses.in the degreethey can beA. to which B. to whomC. with whom4. Human facial expressions differ from those of animalsD. for which wan ted to buy it.D. n either of whomcon trolled on pu

11、rpo se.A. with whichB.to whichC. of which5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house,A. none of them B. both of themC. none of whom6. The man p ulled out a gold watch,were made of small diamon ds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which thehandsof D. the hands of which7.The roa

12、d con diti ons there turned out to be very good, A. itB. whatC. whichwas more tha n we could expect.D. that68.The Beatles,A. whatmany of you are old eno ugh to remember, came from Liver po ol.B. thatC. howD. as9.is ofte n the case, we have worked out the p roducti on plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD. As

13、10.1 don t mind her criticizing me, but_is how she does it that I object to.A. itB. thatC. thisD. which11. His movie won several awards at the film festival,was bey ond his wildest dream.A. which B. that C. where D. it12. The grow ing sp eed of a plant is in flue need by a nu mber of factors,are bey

14、 ond our con trol.A. most of them B. most of whichC. most of what D. most of that13.You can only be sure of you have at p rese nt; you cannot be sure of someth ing _you might get in the future.A. that; whatB. what; /C. which; thatD. /; that14 It has been proved ill nesses in later life.eatingvegetab

15、les in childhood helps to protect you against seriousA. ifB. becauseC. whe nD. that15.I' ve heard a whisperDavid and Heather are heading for marriage.A . whatB. whichC. whoD. that16.Pop music is such an imp orta nt part of societyit has even in flue need our Ian guage.A. as B. that C. which D. w

16、here17. The traditi onal view is _we slee p because our brain isA. whe nB. why C. whether D. that18. What surp rised me was not what he said but he said it .“ programmed ” to make us do so.A . the way B . in the way that C . in the way D . the way which19.Ma ny people who had see n the film were afr

17、aid to go to the forest whe n they remembered the people were eate n by the tiger.scenesA. i n whichC. whichB. by which20.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity heari ng.D. thatsight matters more thanA. whe nB. whoseC. whichD. where21.The schools themselves admit that not al

18、l childre n will be successful in the jobs are being train ed.A . in that B . for that C. in which D. for whichthey22.Occasi ons are quite rareI have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. who B. whichC. why D. whe n23.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints

19、haveresulted in cha nges in the law.A. whereB. whe nC. whoD. which24.The village has deve loped a lotwe lear ned farming two years ago.A. whe nB. whichC. thatD. where25.After graduati on she reached a point in her careerA. thatB. whatC. whichD. whereshe n eeded to decide what to do26.The film brought hours back to meI was take n good care of in that faraway village.A. un tilB. thatC. whe nD. where27