上海牛津英语高二下学期名词性从句专题讲解及训练(有答案)

1、、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what （特指某事物，作主、宾、表语），whateve（泛指任何事物）,who （特指某人，作主、宾、表语）,whoever（泛指任何人），whom （特指某人，作 宾语），whose （表所属关系，作定语），which （表选择关系，作主、宾、表、定 语）.连接畐词： whe n, where, how, why（一）.主语从句主语 谓 表语概念：作

2、句子主语的从句叫主语从句，例：What we need is more time1）连接词：主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if，because 不充当成分,that 没有意义： That she was able to come made us very happyWhether one can succeed depe nds on how hard he worksBecause he is over 60 does nt mea n he must retirgbecause 弓丨导的主语从句只 能放句首，不能用 it 做形式主语）2）连接代词 what，who，wh

3、ich，whatever，whoever，whose，whom，whomever， whichever，whoever 在主语从句中做成分（主，宾，表，定）What he wants to tell us is not clear.Which team will win the match is still unknownWhoever/whomever you in vite will be welcome3）以及连接副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导，在句中做状语。Where the En glish eve ning will be held has not yet b

4、ee n announ ced.Why he did it rema ins a puzzle forever4)it 的形式主语用法：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用 单数形式。常用句型如下：(1) It + be + 名词 + 主语从句(2) It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句(3) It + be + 动词的过去分词 + 主语从句(4) It + 不及物动词 (seem,appear,turn out. +主语从句(5) lt+及物动词+宾语+主语从句It is not surprising

5、that Shang Hai is an international citylt is still question when we shall have sports meetinglt is unknown which team will win the game另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、 不相信、 惋惜、 理应如此等语气时， 谓语动 词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do,常用的句型有：It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no won der, etc

6、.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that5)注意：1.连词 that, whether, because(句首)在从句中不担任句子成分，只起 连接作用，不能省略。并且 whethe 引导主语从句时不能用 if 代替。Whether there is life on the moon is an in terest ing questio n.月球上有没有生命是个 有趣的问题。2. who, which, how, whe n, where, why 在所引导的主语从句中可担任主 语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可

7、以用形式主语 it 引导。3. who, whom, which, what 等可以和 ever 构成合成词，可引导名从和让步 状从。此类主语从句不能用 it 引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。 而 no matter -ever 只能引导让步状语从句。4. 句中使用陈述句语序，注意有和虚拟语气联系之处(二 ). 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的 关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1)由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的 文体中

8、常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.注意 ：在 insist, order、command、suggest、advise, propose, desire, request, require,dema nd, decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从 句常用“(sho

9、uld)+动词原形”例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.2)用 who， whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈 述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of

10、how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3)用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持 陈述句语序。此外，whether 与 if 在作 是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能 用 whether，不用 if:a. 引导主语从句和表语从句时 ；b. 引导从句置于句首时 ；c . 引导从句作介词 宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot 时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesti

11、ng question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.4)注意宾语从句中的时态呼应1)当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态例如：He studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）He studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study En glish next year.（从句用一般将来时）He has studied En glish si nee 1998.（从句用现在完成时）（2）当主句动词

12、是过去时态（could, would 除外）,从句则要用相应的过去时态， 如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原 理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America5）th ink, believe, imagi ne, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述 主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中（即否定前置）。例如： We don t think you are here.I don t believe he will do so.

13、I dont suppose he cares, does he提示：在下列情况下，宾语从句不否定转移：1. think 等词前有副词和表示强调的 doI really expect he wont fail the exam in ati on.我真希望他不会不通过考试。I do thi nk that he is not fair.我确实认为他是不公正的。2. think 等词和其他词构成并列谓语I thi nk and hope that he wo nt cheat at cards 我想，也希望他打牌不会作弊的。3. think 等词作为插入语His decision is not

14、wise, I thi nk.我觉得他的决定并不明智。注意：含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句1当主句的主语不是第一人称时，疑问句部分与主句一致，谓语动词是think等词时，不存在否定转移的问题。He said they were going to help me, did nt heYou dont think we can speak English, do youHe thinks hes got the right an swer, doesnt he2当主句的主语为第一人称，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。谓语动词是thi nk, believe, con sider, imag ine

15、, suppose, hope 等词时，特别要注意否定转移的问 题。I suppose youre serious, arent you （不可用 dont I）I dont suppose hes serious, is h?（不可用 do I）（三）表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联 词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，用 that，whether，as, as if 引导；who, which，what 做成分；when，where, how，why。其基本结构为：主语 +系动 词+主语从句。例如：The fact is that we ha

16、ve lost the game.That is why he didn t come to the meeting.It looks as if it is going to rain.需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 弓丨导而不是 because 例如：The reas on why he was late wasthat he missed the train by one mi nute this morni ngThis/That/It is becaus（that）.; I think it is because you are doing too m

17、uch because 只能引导表语从句，只能存在这个句型中）（四）.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导，who,which，what 做成分；when，where，how，why 做连接副词。可用于同位语从句 的名词有 advice、dema nd doubt、fact、hope、idea、in formatio n、message n ews order、problem、promise、questionrequestsuggestion truth、wish、word、story 等。例如：The n ews that we won the ga

18、me is excit ing. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea whe n he will come back home .我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably falle n ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以 省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成 分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句I had no idea that you were her

19、e（that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（ that 引 导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）一、考点归纳考点之一：考查 that 与 what1._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 分析：在名词性从句中 that 与 what 的区别是： that 在名词性从句中不作句子成 分，只起连接作

20、用；而 what 在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且充当句子成 分。句子的意思是： 我们得不到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好。 此题考查了两个 名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句， what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。 考点之二：考查 it 作形式主语或形式宾语2._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It分析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主 语从句或宾语从句放到后面， 尤其是 that 引导的主语从

21、句往往用 it 作形式主语。 此句也可以改写为： That English is beingaccepted as an international language is a fact.考点之三：考查名词性从句的语序3._ The photographs will show you.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like分析：名词性从句应用陈述语序；再根据句型 what does

22、sb. / sth. look like?, 所以 选 B.考点之四：考查 whether 与 if4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. Whether C. That D. Where分析：句意为：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。 whether 与 if 的区别是： 在 引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟 or not 时，常用 whether , 而不用 if5. What the doctors really doubt is _ my

23、mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why 分析：句意为：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。 whether 引导的是表语从句。考点之五：考查 whatever, whoever. 与 no matter what / who.6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whom C. whoever D. no matter who分析：句意为： Sarah

24、 希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。注意： whatever, whoever. 既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter what /who只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除 A 和 D，从句中需要的是主语，所以 whomever 错。考点之六：考查名词性从句的虚拟语气7. It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master分析：句意为：大学生至少掌握一门外语是必要的。 that 引

25、导的主语从句中谓语 动词用的是虚拟语气。我们应注意：1) .在句型：1. It is necessary / important / natural / strange, etc. that .2. It is a pity / shame / no wonder, etc. that .3. It is suggested / requested / proposed / desired, etc. that 中. ， that 从 句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气 (should) + 动词原形 。2) . 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，这类动词有：sug

26、gest, propose, in sist, desire, dema nd, request, order, comma nd 等。3) .主语是 suggestion, proposal, reques 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定 ”等意义的词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +动词原形”。4) . 表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、决定 ”等意义的名词后边的同位语从句中谓 语动词要用虚拟语气 (should) + 动词原形 。二习题精讲()1. _ Ba rba ra Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happine

27、ss.【解析】 B 句意：巴巴拉琼斯给她的粉丝们提供的是诚实和快乐。考查主语 从句中引导词的辨析。分析结构可知句子： _ Barbara Jones offers to herfans 充当主语从句，而且句子中动词 offer 还需要接宾语，所以选择 B 项。（）2. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we wouldface.AwhatBhowCthatDwhy【解析】A 句意：骇人听闻的消息让我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。考查宾语从句的引导词。分析结构可知此处 what 用来修饰 terrible problem

28、s。 所以选择 A 项。（）3.I am afraid he s more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he neverfinishes anything.AthatBwhenCwhereDwhy【解析】D 句意：与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家。这就是他从来 不会完成任何事情的原因。考查表语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知， which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面的整个句子 he s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is 后面为表语从句，由句意可知 which 指代的内容是表语 从句内容的原

29、因，故用 why 引导表语从句。（） 4.We ve offered her the job, but I don t know_ she ll accept it.AwhereBwhatCwhether Dwhich【解析】C 句意： 我们给她提供了那份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。考查宾语从句的引导词。where哪儿；what 什么；whether 是否；which 哪一个。 只有 whether 符合句意，故选 C。（）5.The villagers have already known _ we ll do is to rebuild thebridge.AthisBthatCwhat

30、Dwhich【解析】 C 句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。考查 宾语从句和主语从句。谓语后面的宾语从句包含的主语从句中缺少宾语且指物， 所以选择 what。（）6.It was never clear _ the man hadn t reported the accident sooner.AthatBhowCwhenDwhy【解析】 D 句意：不知道为什么那个男的没有很快上报那场事故。考查主 语从句的引导词。该句中 it作形式主语， why 引导的句子作真正的主语。（）7.His writing is so confusing that it s difficult to

31、 make out _ it is he isAWhichBWhatCThatDWhom【解析】 D 句意：他的字迹是如此地潦草以至于很难弄清楚他要表达的是什 么。考查宾语从句。宾语从句中 express 缺少宾语，故用 what 引导宾语从句。（）8.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are ifwe want to succeed.AwhyBhowCwhatDwhich【解析】 C 句意：我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功的话就要 相信我们所做的事和相信自己。考查宾语从句。what 引导宾语从句，

32、在从句里作 do 的宾语。 which 表示某个范围内的 “哪一个，哪些 ”。（）9.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ toread fast.AwhatBwhoChowDwhy【解析】 C 句意： 20 名学生想参加以传授怎样快速阅读为目的的课。考 查引导词用法。由句意可知，应选 C。（）10.When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve inthe army.AsinceBwhichCthatDbecause【解析】C 句意：当

33、战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去服兵役。考查名 词性从句。“the war broke ou作 th”news 的同位语从句，解释 the news 的具 体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以选择不充当任何成分又没有任何含义的 that 引导。 故选 C。新题预测（）1.In some countries, _ are called“public schools ” are not owned bythe public.AwhichBasCwhatDthat【解析】 C 句意：在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非为公众拥有。考查what 引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。（）2._leaves the ro

34、om last ought to turn off the lights.AThe personBAnyoneCWhoDWhoever【解析】D 句意：最后一个离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。whoever 引导主语从句， 意思是 凡是.的人”等于 anybody who。trying to express.AthatBhowCwhoDwhat（）3._happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.AThatBWhatCWhichDWhether【解析】 B 句意：世上的事喜忧交替。 that 引导主语从句只起连接作用， 在从句中不作任何成

35、分，无意义，但不能省略。 what 除引导主语从句外，还在 从句中作成分。which 指一定范围内的 哪一个”whether 意为 是否”根据句意 可知答案为 B。（）4.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buyme a bicycle.AthatBifCwhetherDthat if【解析】 D that 引导同位语从句，说明 promise 的内容；在 that 从句中， if 引导条件状语从句。（）5.I read about this story in some book or other, does i

36、t matter _ itwas?AwhereBwhatChowDwhich【解析】D 此句后面部分可以看作是 does it matter which book it was 的省略。此题受母语干扰， 很容易错选 A 。只要抓住题干前一句中 I read about this story in some book orother 的提示，就可知道是指一定范围内的 哪一个”故答案为 D。（）6._you don t like him is none of my business.AWhat BWhoCThatDWhether【解析】 C 本句的谓语动词是 is, 前面是一个主语从句； you

37、dont like him 是一个意思完整的句子，从句需要不作任何成分的连词引导，that 只起连接作用，不作句子的成分，所以选 C。（）7.One of the men present held the view _ the book said was right.Athat whatBwhatCthatDwhich【解析】 A that 引导同位语从句；what the book said 是同位语从句中的主语 从句。（）8.Living things are dying out quickly. First, we should ask_destroying them in the pa

38、st years.Awhat part people have been playingBpeople have played inCwhat part people have played inDpeople have been playingwhat part【解析】 C 宾语从句应用陈述语序，play a part in 意为“（在.中）扮演角色，(在中)起作用”。()9.He told us_ he had done.A. that all B. all what C. all whichD. what all【解析】 B 句意：他把所做的事告诉了我们所有人。all 是 us 的同位语

39、，其后的 what 引导宾语从句。【专项练习】2020 届宝山区高考英语一模II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After readi ng the passage below, fill in the bla nks to make the passage cohere nt and grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the give n word; for the oth

40、er bla nks, use one word thatbest fits each bla nk.This weekend many families in America will celebrate Mother s Day. The event dates backto May 9, 1914, (21) _ America Preside nt Wils on established the official holiday. Somepeople had begu n campaig ning for the holiday a few years (22)_ (early).

41、Fin ally in 1914, thepreside nt made it official. He declared that each sec ond Sun day in May (23)_(dedicate) tothanking the nation s mothers. He also ordered all government buildings (24)_ (display) then atio nal flag on that day. Accord ing to Preside nt Wils on, this was done“ as a publicexpress

42、iclove . for the mothers of our country”.Before long, people in other countries (25) _ (begin) asking for a similar holiday tocelebrate their mothers. Mexico celebrated its first official Mother s Day on May 10, 1922. M10thbecame their annual holiday because the country preferred a fixed date to (26

43、) _ thatchanged.Other coun tries are happy to share the day with the Un ited States. Some on the list in cludeAustralia, Belgium, Can ada, Denm ark, Finlan d, Italy, Japa n and Turkey.Oddly eno ugh, the U.S. Con gress rejected a Mother s Day resoluti on at first. Today, though,Mother Day is a highly popular holiday. It also very successful commercially. Along withgivi ng cards, candy and flowers, (27)_ (take) moms out for brunch is