上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇素材

1、2011上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth 指布，为不可数名词；clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件；accident指不幸的事故，例： He was killed in theaccident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词；number 后接可数名词，例： a number of students4. family, house,

2、home第页共35页home家，包括住处和家人;house 房子，住宅；family 家庭成员，例： My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音；voice 人的嗓音；noise 噪音，例：I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片；picture可指相片，图片，电影片，例：Let's go andsee a good picture.drawing 画的画。7. vocabulary, word第页共35页

3、He has avocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，例:large vocabulary.word具体的单词。8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数，例：China has a large population.people具体的人。9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况；climate 长期的气候状况，例： The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，例： take this roadstreet 街

4、道，例：in the streetpath小路，小径；第页共35页way 道路，途径, 例： Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多科目） ，例：a summer coursesubject 科目（具体的学科）12. custom, habit1. stom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do;habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing.例：I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象

5、的直接原因，后接ofsth./doing sth ;reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）；第页共35页exercises 练习（可数）；practice （反复做的） 练习，例：Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson ,例：Lesson 6，第6课；指班级或全体学生用class ,例：Class 5 ,

6、 5班。16. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说；talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话；lecture学术性的演讲， 讲课，例：a series of lectureon-17. officer, officialofficer部队的军官，例： an army officerofficial 政府官员。第页共35页18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数；job可数，例：a good job19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物；pair 多指由两部分组成的东西，例：a pair of trouse

7、rs20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域；nation 指人民，国民，民族；state侧重指政府，政体；land 国土，国家，例： The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cooker第页共35页cook 厨师，例： He is a good cook.cooker 厨具。22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失；damages复数形式，赔偿金，例： $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓

8、语动词，例：The police are questioning everyone in the house.policeman指某个具体的警察。24. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about,solve, raise ;question 常和疑问连系，多和 ask, answer连用。25. man, a man第页共35页man人类;a man 一个男人，例： Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉；例：The chicken is delic

9、ious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram 指具体的；例： a telegramtelegraph 指抽象的；例： by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的；trip 指短期的旅途；例： a three-day tripjourney指稍长的旅途；voyage指海上航行。29. sport, game第页共35页sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打 猎，赛马等； 例： His favorite sport is swimming.game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一

10、套规则。30. price, prizeprice 价格； 例： The price is high/low.prize 奖，奖品，奖金；例： win the first prize31. a number of, the number ofa number of 许多，谓语动词用复数；the number of 的数目，谓语动词用单数。例：The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面；in the front of 范围内的前面 例：In the front of

11、the room sits a boy.第页共35页33. of the day, of a dayof the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，例： a famous scientist of the day ;of a day 暂时的，不长久的。34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个；the three of us我们三个（就三个人）例： The threeof us - Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式,不用

12、冠词，例： They went there by bus.on the bus 表范围。36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片亥U, 一会儿，例：Thinking for a moment, he agreed.10for the moment 暂时，一时。第页共35页37. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语；the next year过去将来时间状语，例：He said he wouldgo abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more tha

13、n one yearmore than a year 一年多；more than one year 超过一年(两年或三年等)。39. take advice, take the(one's) advicetake advice征求意见；take the advice 接受忠告 例：He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏；11take the air 到户外去，散步 例：Wetake the air every day.第页共35页41. in a wo

14、rd, in wordsin a word 总之，一句话，例：In a word, you are right.in words 口 头上。42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替；in the place of 在 地方，例：A new buildingis builtin the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语，例： My mother was in the

15、 secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩；12one girl 一个女孩，例： Can one girl carry such a big第页共35页box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下；take the chair开始开会。46. go to sea, by seago to sea 当海员，出航；by sea 乘船，由海路；by the sea在海边。47. the doctor and teacher, the doc

16、tor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师；the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师。48. in office, in the office13in office 在职的, 例： He is in office, not out of office.第页共35页in the office在办公室里。49. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，例： He is ill in bed.on the bed 在床上, 例： The book is on the bed.5

17、0. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料，例： He is in charge of the matter.in the charge of 由照料，例： The matter is inthe charge of her.2011上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇（2）51. in class, in the classin class在课上；14in the class 在班级里，例：He is the best student in the class.第页共35页52. on fire, on the fire on fire

18、着火，例： The house is on fire.on the fire在火上，例：Put the food on the fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的；out of the question不可能的。54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一；the second 第,例： He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天；by the day 按天计算, 例： The workers are

19、 paid by the day.1556. the people, a people第页共35页the people 指人；a people 指 民族，例： The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同一物体；one 同类不同一，例： I lost mypen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的；例： I was ill. That's why一this 导出下文所要说的。59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少；16nothi

20、ng, no one 强调有没有；nothing 指物，no one 指人。第页共35页60. anyone,any oneanyone 指人，不能接 of;any one 指人物均可，可接 of 例：any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系；what 指职业或地位，例： What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的；which 在一定范围内进彳T选择，例： Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother

21、 后接名词复数，例： other students17another 后接名词单数，例： another student第页共35页64. not a little, not a bit not a little 非常；not a bit 一点也不，例：I'm not a bit tired. 我 一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，例： I haven't many books.much和不可数名词连用；a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句。66. much more than, many more - than

22、much more - than后接形容词或不可数名词，例： much more water, much more beautifulmany more than 后接可数名词，例： many more people67. no, not18no=not a/any第页共35页例：no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not anywater68. no more than, not more thanno more than 相当于 only , 仅仅，只有；not more than 至多，不超过。69. majority, mostmajority只能

23、修饰可数名词，例： the majority ofpeoplemost可数不可数均可。70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, ofoneselfby oneself单独的，独自的;for oneself为自己;to oneself供自己用的;第页共35页19of oneself 自行的，自 动的，例： The door openedof itself.71. at all, after allat all 根本，全然；after all 到底，毕竟，例：After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物，例

24、： He is tall.high常指物体。73. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，例：run fastquickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快，例： answerthe question quickly74. high, highly20high具体的高；第页共35页highly 抽象的高，高度的，例： think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy 健康的，健壮的；healthful有益于健康的， 例：healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep,sleepysleeping 正

25、在睡觉，例： a sleeping babyasleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，例： The baby is asleep.sleepy 困的，有睡意的，例：I'm sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，例：a gold ringgolden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish2178. most, mostly第页共35页most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very ,当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，例： most peoplemostly 大部分，是副词，例：the people are mostly 79. just, veryjust表强调时是副

26、词，作状语，例： just the manvery表强调时是形容词，用作定语，例： the very man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离；broad侧重于幅面的宽广，例： broad shoulders81. real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，例：real goldtrue真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合，22例：a true story第页共35页82. respectful, respectablerespectful 尊敬，有礼貌，例： be respectful to the agedrespectable

27、可敬的，值得尊敬的。83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面；outward 还可用作形容词，例： an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant 常用作定语；pleased, pleasing常用作表语；pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物，例： a pleasant trip; The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandable23understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，例： an第页共35页underst

28、anding girlunderstandable 可理解的，能够懂白 understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose 接近，靠近，例： stand closeclosely紧紧地，紧密地，例： closely87. ill, sickill做表语；sick 定语、表语均可，例： a sick boy88. good, wellgood形容词；well副词，但指身体状况是形容词，例:again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音；例：anconnectedHe is well24第页共35页silent

29、不发出声音，但可以动；still完全不动，完全无声响，例： He stand therestill,他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard 努力，例： work hardhardly 几乎不，例：I can hardly believe it.91. able, capableable 与不定式to do连用；capable 与 of 连用，例： Heis capable of doing 92. almost, nearly二者均为“几乎，差不多”，和否定词连用用 almost , 例：almost nobody 。93. late, lately25lat

30、e迟，晚；第页共35页lately 最近，近来 例：I haven't seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的;living定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置；live 只能做定语，lively意为活泼的，例：all theliving people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的，例：I'm excited.exciting令人兴奋白勺, 例： The news is exciting.96

31、. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，例：dig deepdeeply 抽象的深，深深地，例： deeply moved2697. aloud, loud第页共35页aloud 出声地，例：read aloud出声地读loud大声地98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing ;worthy 后接 to be done, of being done ;例：It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.99. bad, badl

32、ybad形容词，例：go badbadly 副词，不好，但与 need, want, require 连 用为"很，非常"，例：I need the book badly.100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后；long before很久以前；27例：not long before = before long第页共35页2011上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇（3）101. quite, ratherquite 完全地，相当于 completely ,例：quite impossiblerather 修饰比较级102. happy

33、, gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，例： a happy girlglad高兴，只能做表语103. instead, instead ofinstead 是副词，放在句首或句末，例： He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV.28instead of是介词短语，放在句中，例：He watched第页共35页TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much后接不可数名词；much too 后接形容词，例： much too heavy105. be about to

34、, be going to, be to dobe about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语；be going to侧重打算，想法；be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排 例：I'm to meet him.（含双方事先约好的意思）106. raise, riseraise 及物动词；rise 不及物动tBJ, 例： The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetch29bring 拿来；第页共35页take带走；carry 随身携带；fetch 去回这一往返动作，例：fetch a box of chalk108.

35、spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间，spendon sth./in doing sth;take物做主语，花时间；pay人做主语，花钱，pay for ;cost物做主语，花钱。109. join, join in, take part injoin 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员，例： He joined the army five years ago.join in参加小型的活动，join sb. in ;take part in参加大型的活动。30110. learn, study第页共35页learn学习，侧重学习的结果;study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究，例：study the problem111. want, hope, wishwant 打算， 想要， want to do, want sb. to do ;hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hopethat wish 希望（通常不能实现），wish （sb.） to do, wish sb/sth. + n. ，例：I wish you success.112. discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西；inven