2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第4讲动词与动词短语

1、第4讲动词与动词短语高考回眸1. Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.（2017 江苏，25）A . held outB. brought outC. picked outD. given out答案 B解析 句意为：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出，坚持；bring out使显现，使表现出；pick out挑选出，到?认出；give out分发，发出。2. A quick review of successes and failures a

2、t the end of year will help your year ahead.（2017 江苏，30）A . shapeB. switchC. stretchD. sharpen答案 A解析句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响（某事物白勺发展），符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen 使变锋利，使增强。3. Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter , get married , and have kids.（2017 天津，5）A

3、 . settle downB. keep offC. get upD. cut in答案 A解析句意为：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来（settle down）,结婚成家，生儿育女。keep off4. He did not使避开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。easily , but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthycause.（2016 江苏,25）A . approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate答案 C解析 句意为：他不

4、轻易妥协，但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协，符合句意。5. Many businesses started up by college students have thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.（2016 江苏，30）A . fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off答案 B解析 句意为：由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off成功，起飞，符合句意。fall off跌落，下降；turn off关掉；l

5、eave off停止（做）某事，戒掉，均不符合题意。6. Parents should actively urge their children to the opportunity to join sports teams.（2016 江苏,33）A . gain admission toB. keep track ofC take advantage ofD give rise to答案 C解析 句意为：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用，符合句意。gain admission to 获准进入； keep track of与保持联系； give r

6、ise to 引起，导致，均不符合题意。7. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than us.（2016 浙江，8）A . divideB. rejectC controlD abandon答案 A解析 句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide分开；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选A。8. When their children lived far away from them , these old p

7、eople felt from the world.（2016 浙江，12）A . carried awayB. broken downC cut offD brought up答案 C解析 句意为：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人们感觉与外界隔离了。carry away带走，夺走；break down抛锚，垮掉；cut off切断，隔离；bring up抚养，提出。 根据句意可 知选Co9. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that my

8、interest.（2016 浙江,14）A . limitedB. reservedC. reflectedD. spoiled答案 C解析句意为：当最后决定选一门课程时，我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。reflect反映， 体现，符合语境。limit限制；reserve预订，保留；spoil毁掉，溺爱。10. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion onthe subject.（2016 天津， 8）A . gave voice toB. kept an eye

9、onC. turned a deaf ear toD. set foot on答案 A解析句意为：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voiceto意为“表达对 的想法”，符合语境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to对 充耳不闻；set foot on进入，参观。11. I hate it when she calls me at work I' m always too busy to a conversation withher.（2016 天津，14）A . carry onB. break intoC.

10、 turn downD. cut off答案 A解析 句意为：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话 一一我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行，继续"，符合语境。break into打断，闯入；turn down调低，拒绝；cut off停止， 中断。12. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatestpotential.（2015 江苏；22）A . accelerateB. improveC performD develop答案 D解析 句意为：学

11、校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve 改善； perform 执行；develop 发展。13. The university started some new language programs to the country' s Silk RoadEconomic Belt.（2015 江苏，27）A . apply toB. cater forC appeal toD hunt for答案 B解析 句意为：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to适用于，申请；cater for迎合，满足所需

12、；appeal to呼吁，上诉；hunt for搜寻。14. The whole team Cristiano Ronaldo , and he seldom lets them down.（2015 江苏，29）A . wait onB. focus onD call onC count on答案 C解析句意为：整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，而他很少让他们失望。wait on服侍，等待；focus on集中于，关注；count on依靠，指望；call on拜访，号召，呼吁。15. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound

13、differently.（2015 浙江,5）A . produceB. pronounceC processD download答案 C解析句意为：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工，处理，符合语境。produce生产，制作，创作； pronounce发音；download 下载。16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea? （2015 浙江，16）A floatB drownC shrinkD split答案 A解析句意为：如果钢铁比水重的话，那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上？floa

14、t漂浮，符合语境。drown淹没，（使）溺死；shrink（使）收缩，（使）缩小；split （使）裂开，（使）破裂。17. If you come to visit China , you will a culture of amazing depth and variety.（2015 安徽，22）A . developB. createC substituteD experience答案 D解析句意为：如果你来访问中国，你将体验到有着惊人的深度和多元化的文化。develop开发；create 创造；substitute 替代；experience 经历，体验。18. The team a

15、re working hard to the problem so that they can find the best solution.（2015 湖北，23）A . faceB. preventC raiseD analyze答案 D解析句意为：这个团队正在努力分析这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析（analyze）”问题。face 面对；prevent阻止；raise 提高。19. In order not to be heard , she pointed her fing

16、er upwards to that someone was movingabout upstairs.（2015 湖北，24）A . whisperB. signalC declareD complain答案 B解析 句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。 signal意为“示 意“，所以答案选 B项。whisper低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。20. If you have any doubts about your health , you

17、' d better your doctor at once.（2015 天津，11）A . convinceB. consultC. avoidD. affect答案 B解析 句意为：如果你对自己的健康状况有所怀疑的话，你最好马上咨询医生。consult请教，咨询，找（医生）诊治，符合语境。convince使相信，使明白；avoid避免；affect影响。难点突破_ ¥1 .有些动词，如feel, look, taste等，既可用作系动词，又可用作实义动词，怎么判断呢？ 系动词常跟形容词作表语；实义动词则常用副词作状语；系动词一般不用进行时，但在表示 语意客气、生动、亲切时

18、，可用进行时。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。（系动词）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细地品尝这条鱼。（实义动词）2 . run out/run out of的区别：run out是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，主语通常是表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词；run out of是及物动词短语，相当于use up,主语通常为人。My money ran out.我的钱花完了。I ran out of my money.我把钱花完了。3 .具体语境中对动

19、词“熟词生义”的考查。如下列单词的“熟词生义”：ache渴望；address在 上写地址； appreciate理解，意识至U; count有价值；cover足以支 付；develop逐渐形成；draw推断出；escape被忘掉；fail使失望，衰退；invite招致；observe 遵守，庆祝；push督促；promise预示；part分手，放弃；read写着；relate讲述；say假设； walk遛等。4 .常见的基础词汇如get, take, put, break, look, call等构成的短语一直是高考考查的重点。如：If the new safety system had be

20、en put to use , the accident would never have happened. 句中 put.to use是固定搭配,意为“利用 /使用"。 As their children lived far away fromthem, these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的 cut off 意为“隔绝,隔离“。模拟演练_ ¥1. Roger trained hard for the tournament for months , but unfortunately he had to due

21、 toa knee injury.（2017 苏北六市联考，32）A . pull outB. work outC. try outD. give out答案 A解析 句意为：Roger为了这次锦标赛艰苦训练了好几个月，但不幸的是，由于膝伤，他不得不退出。work out计算出，锻炼；try out试验，选拔；give out散发，分发，用完。pull out 退出，（使）离开，符合语境，故选 A项。2. If you want to go further in the new sport, the best way is to and practise more frequently.（20

22、17南通' 扬州、泰州、淮安三模， 22）A . dive inB. drop outC. catch onD. spring up答案 A解析 句意为：如果你想在这项新的运动上走得更远，最好的方法就是热切地投入和更加频繁地练习。dive in热切地加入，符合句意。drop out退出，辍学；catch on流行起来；spring up 突然出现。故选A项。3. If you manage to survive the crisis, think about how it will help you new challenges.（2017 镇江期末，30）A . give upB.

23、take upC. hold upD. put up答案 B解析 句意为：如果你设法在危机中幸存下来，思考一下它将如何帮助你接受新的挑战。takeup接受，拿起，举起，占据（空间或时间）,开始从事，符合句意。give up放弃；hold up举起， 支撑，耽搁，延误；put up举起，升起，设立，建造，提供彳i宿，张贴，悬挂。故选 B项。4 . You wouldn ' t normally these two writers ; their styles are completely different.（2017泰州中学摸底考试，27）A . distinguishB.associ

24、ateC. adjustD.divorce答案 B解析 句意为：你通常不会把这两位作家联系在一起，他们的风格完全不同。associate把 联系在一起，使有关系，符合题意。distinguish区别，区分；adjust调整，校准；divorce离婚，使分离。5. Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one' s loneliness, but living alone me , for Ican play music as loud as I want.（2017 泰州中学摸底考试，30）A . caters toB. refers toC.

25、appeals toD. responds to答案 C解析 句意为：和某人共享一个公寓有助于缓解孤独感，但独居对我更有吸引力，因为我可 以将音乐播放到我想要的那样响。appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力，符合句意。cater to款待，为服务；referto参考，指的是；respond to响应，回应。6. As its economy is maturing , China' s a greater role in critical issues like climate anddevelopment.（2017 南京三模,30）A . definingB. assumingC

26、 guaranteeingD assuring答案 B解析句意为：随着经济的成熟，在像气候和发展那样的重要问题上中国正在承担更大的作用。define定义，使明确；guarantee保证，担保；assure保证，确保。均不符合语境。assume承担，呈现，假定，认为， assume a greater role承担更大的作用，符合题意，故选 B项。7. The recently released film Kong : Skull Island successfully the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.（2017 南

27、京三模， 35）A . transportsB. adjustsC transformsD relates答案 A解析 句意为：最近上映的电影 金刚 骷髅岛成功地用杜比三维立体技术把观众带入了这次冒险经历中。adjust调节，适应；transform使改观，使变形；relate联系，均不符合语境。 transport在此处表示“使产生身临其境的感觉 ”，符合语境，故选 A项。8. In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app , students can a particularexperiment before doi

28、ng them in a real lab.（2017 苏锡常镇四市二模，29）A . revealB. reserveC previewD provide答案 C解析 句意为：在用虚拟现实应用程序创设的虚拟实验室环境中，学生们可以在真正的实验室实验之前预先进行某个特定的实验。根据 before doing them in a real lab可知，此处指预先 进行实验，preview预展，预演，符合语境。故选 C项。9. The Palace of Versailles, France' s national treasure, has many changes in its cen

29、tury-long history while keeping its beauty.（2017 苏锡常镇四市二模，23）A . gone throughB. taken onC. led toD. showed off答案 A解析 句意为：凡尔赛宫，法国的国宝，在它一个世纪的历史中，经历了许多变化却依然美丽。take on呈现，接纳；lead to导致；show off炫耀。go through经历，经受，此处注意动宾 搭配，go through changes经历变化，符合语境，故选 A项。10. Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition , publ

30、ications on classical Chinese literature are a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.（2017 苏锡常镇四市二模，31）A . taking upB. dividing upC breaking upD putting up答案 A解析 句意为：得益于中国诗词大会节目的播出，有关中国经典文学的出版物占据了书店存储空间的重要位置。take up占据；divide up分割；break up解散；put up提出。根据句 意可知，答案为Ao11. Friendship does not

31、 merely a sharing of activities ; it is a sharing of self on a verypersonal level.（2017 苏州调研，23）A . involveB. requestC associateD deliver答案 A解析 句意为：友谊并不仅仅包含一起参加活动；它还是一种从非常个人的角度对自我的分享。invoke包含，需要，使成为必然部分（或结果），符合句意。request要求，t#求；associate联系，联想；deliver递送，运送，发表（讲话），接生。12. I think the experiment supports

32、 my theory , but I need to the results a couple of timesto make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.（2017 苏州调研， 27）A . get overB. take overC hand overD go over答案 D解析 句意为：我认为这个实验支持我的理论，但是我需要仔细检查几次结果以确保在收集数据的时候没有犯错。go over仔细检查，温习，复习，符合句意。get over克服，战胜，恢复；take over接收，接管，控制；hand ov

33、er交给，递给，移交。13. 一I regret to tell you that the council did not our plan.一 Oh, what a shame! （2017 南京、盐城一模，29）A . smile onB. concentrate onC see throughD live through答案 A解析句意为:我遗憾地告诉你委员会不赞同我们的计划。哦，真可惜！ smile on对加以称赞，对 青睐，符合句意。concentrate on专心于，集中精力在 上；see through看穿，识破；live through经历过，经受住，经历 而幸存。14. Th

34、e computer program of the 1970s was unable to between letters and numbers.（2017 南通一模，31）A . discriminateB. concludeC negotiateD compensate答案 A解析句意为：20世纪70年代的电脑程序无法区分字母和数字。discriminate歧视，区别，辨另1J; conclude 断定，结束；negotiate 协商，谈判；compensate 弥补，补偿。discriminate between letters and numbers区分字母和数字，符合题意，故选 A

35、项。15. He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.-Yes, but he didn ' t.（2017 苏锡常镇四市一模，25）A . make his wayB. get his wayC give his wayD feel his way答案 B解析句意为：一一他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。一一是的，但是他并没有为所欲为。make one' s way 前进，行进；get one' s way 随心所欲，为所欲为； 没有 give one' s way这种形式，只有 give way to "给让路，被所取代“；feel one' s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。16. A recent research shows smoking and drinking with your body ' s ability to processoxygen, thus greatly affecting your health.（2016 苏锡常镇四市二模，27）A . identifyB. corre