英语阅读理解讲解-典型

1、Reading provides us joy, knowledge and a sense of achievement.近近4年山东阅读理解比较年山东阅读理解比较 典型题汇编阅读理解典型题汇编阅读理解题型分类题型分类及错题分析：及错题分析：主旨大意：主旨大意：10事实细节题：事实细节题：1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 23推理判断题：推理判断题：22, 19, 24猜测词义：猜测词义：15, 18篇章结构：篇章结构：5, 11, 21主旨大意题主旨大意题【设题类型设题类型】 1 1概括文章概括文章/ /段落大意；段落大意； 2

2、 2选出最佳题目选出最佳题目( (标题标题) )； 3 3概括人物特点。概括人物特点。 有主题句找主题句有主题句找主题句; ;无主题句归纳总结全文无主题句归纳总结全文 用用逆推法逆推法: : 若以它为若以它为标题标题，文章会如何展开文章会如何展开1. 主旨特点：概括主旨特点：概括(全面全面)性，简洁性，新颖性性，简洁性，新颖性2. 根据特征根据特征排除细节命题排除细节命题3. 主题词出现主题词出现-排除花哨而无关命题的选项排除花哨而无关命题的选项如如B篇篇10题题B真题体验真题体验-2012山东卷山东卷D篇篇75题题 Perhaps, but what they will probably r

3、eally accomplish is what all good technologies do enable laziness. Rather than getting upto check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. 75.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The laundry should be frequently checked. B. Lazy peopl

4、e like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems. D. Television may help do the laundry. 事实细节题正确选项特征事实细节题正确选项特征 1. 用同义词或句子替换文中的关键词，句用同义词或句子替换文中的关键词，句。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。为正确选项。 (如如B篇第篇第9题题C)2.词性的变化词性的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生词性，或者改变原文句子的语

5、态，给考生制造障碍制造障碍。（如。（如E篇第篇第23题题C）3.语言简化语言简化。即。即分析原文长难句分析原文长难句。 (如如A篇第篇第3题题)4.正话反说正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项成为正确选项( 如如C篇篇12题题C)。事实事实细节细节题干题干扰项扰项的特的特点与点与概括概括3. 偷换概念偷换概念2.扩大扩大/缩小范围缩小范围4.以偏概全以偏概全5.无中生有无中生有6.答非所问：答非所问：1.正误并存正误并存2011山东卷山东卷C篇篇66题题 Diana Jacobs thought her family had aworkable plan

6、 to pay for college for her 21year-old twin sons: a combination of savings,income, scholarships, and a modest amountof borrowing. Then her husband lost his job,and the plan fell apart.66. According to Paragraph1, why did the plan of the Jacobs family fail? The twins wasted too much money The father

7、was out of job.A.Their savings ran out. D.The family fell apart.推理判断：名家指点推理判断：名家指点 严格按照文中信息推断严格按照文中信息推断。(如如C篇篇19题题C) 特别注意特别注意1) 文中的虚拟语气，情态动词，形容词，副文中的虚拟语气，情态动词，形容词，副词所流露的弦外之音词所流露的弦外之音。(如如E篇篇22题题B) 2) 某些过渡词（某些过渡词（however，though，but, on the contrary, whats more, according to ）后面的内容往往能反映作）后面的内容往往能反映作者的观

8、点和态度者的观点和态度。(如如E篇篇22B，24题题D) 3. 正确选项的特点：正确选项的特点： 1)不是文中明确说明的内容，需要引申推不是文中明确说明的内容，需要引申推理理2) 具体，全面具体，全面 2011山东卷山东卷B篇篇65题题 The Richters spend about 400 a monthsending books to 200 children. “Some peoplesit there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Othersget as busy as they can in the time they haveleft.”65. Wh

9、at can we learn from Tims words in the last paragraph?A. He needs more money to help the children.B. He wonders why some people are so busy.C. He tries to save those waiting to die.D. He considers his efforts worthwhile.2013-5-15B篇篇65题题 For more information, please click here65The text is most proba

10、bly taken from a _ Ajob application Bpopular magazine Clife website Dtourist guidebook如：如：C篇篇15题题,D篇篇18题题super- (超超) mini-(极小的极小的 微小的微小的) micro- (极微小的极微小的) re- (再，反复再，反复) mis-(误，恶误，恶) in- im-(不不) mal-(不，不良不，不良) dis-(不，非不，非)non-(不，非不，非) -able(能能的的 ) -less (不，无不，无) de (表示相反表示相反)-over(超过，过多超过，过多) fore-

11、 pre- (在在 之前之前)sub-(在在 下面；次；亚下面；次；亚)2010山东卷山东卷B篇篇61题题 Ask someone what they have done to helpthe environment recently and they will almostcertainly mention recycling. Recycling in thehome is very important of course. However,being forced to recycle often means wealready have more material than we ne

12、ed. Weare dealing with the results of that overconsumption in the greenest way possible,but it would be far better if we did not need tobring so much material home in the first place. 61. What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to? A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many

13、wastes.C. Making more products than necessary.D. Having more material than is needed. 篇章结构往往以篇章结构往往以文体文体为依据：为依据： 记叙文、议论文、夹叙夹议、说明记叙文、议论文、夹叙夹议、说明文。把握文章的文。把握文章的脉络脉络，理解段落层，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法和意图法和意图, ,并以此做出推理和判断。并以此做出推理和判断。对主旨大意、推理判断和猜测词义对主旨大意、推理判断和猜测词义有很大帮助。有很大帮助。5题题, C篇第篇第11题，题，E篇第篇第2

14、1题题)1. 议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构3.夹叙夹议文的基本结构夹叙夹议文的基本结构：opinion advice significance或或(如如A篇第篇第5题题)总结：篇章结构作用总结：篇章结构作用1.1.提纲挈领提纲挈领-总结全文总结全文-主旨要义。主旨要义。2.2.分析语句间的关系分析语句间的关系: :把握细节；猜测词义。把握细节；猜测词义。3.3.信号词显示信号词显示: :做出合理的推断。做出合理的推断。4.4.文章脉络清晰文章脉络清晰: :把握作者情感和态度变化。把握作者情感和态度变化。 2013-4-21周末作业周末作业 There are many great movi

15、e directors of all time and the following are five of those who have largely impressed audience with their body of work. As a member of the New Hollywood gang, Francis Coppola is best remembered for Stanley Kubricks movies focus on . Steven Spielberg is a great success . Woody Allen is a director wh

16、o directs 65. What will be discussed in the paragraph that follows this passage?A. Their contribution to the society B. The difference between the directorsC. Another famous movie directors D. More great movies from the directors高考英语模拟训练高考英语模拟训练2013-5-8 Everyone knows about straight-A students The k

17、ids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.59. What will be talked about after the last paragraph? A. The interviews with more students. B. The role IQ plays in learning well. C. The techniques to be better learners. D. The achievements to

18、p students make.变式训练变式训练Passage A I. Please list four factors causing asharp decline of overwinteringmonarchs: (within 15words) The loss of large pines Coastal development The abuse of chemicals Climate changeII. During the 1990s, a deadly diseasekilled off most large pines _the monarch habitats at

19、Natural Bridges,_ monarchs to seek shelterelsewhere shelteringforcing变式训练变式训练Passage BHow can we make new friends in a new city quickly? By taking pictures (of others) By eating alone in public By joining a class, sports team or club 【解读【解读2013年考试说明新增的年考试说明新增的19个单词，个单词，预测阅读考查方向】预测阅读考查方向】 according (a & ad) 2. community 3.