2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试：题型组合练(三十一)

1、题型组合练（三十一）阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错I .阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2019 福建三校高三联考）Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of li

2、fespan清命）around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter （PM）（颗粒物）smaller than 2.5 microns.Thesepart

3、iculates can enter deep into the lungs and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attack sstrokes and cancer.PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions（F放物）.Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Bur

4、den of DiseaseStudy to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequencesin 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well-known, " sa

5、id Apte. "And we all care about how long we can live.Here, we were able to systematicallyidentify how air pollution shortens lives around the world.What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival-on average about a year globally.In the context of other significant phenom

6、ena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number/For example, it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined he said. "In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly peopl

7、e of improving air quality would be especially large.For much of As jaf air pollution were removed as a risk for death 60-year-olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.1 . What do we know about PM 2.5 ?A. It has a bad effect on human health.B. It will be

8、controlled in the future.C. It mainly comes from industrial emissions.D. It spreads to the world from Asian countries.2. What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?A . They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.B. They employed the research data

9、 to calculate the effect.C. They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.D. They measured particulate matter much more carefully thanbefore.3. What can be inferred from the text?A. The key to people living longer is good air quality.B. People think air pollution is the most dan

10、gerous killer to them.C. Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.D. Factories should decreasethe production of cars to stop air pollution.4. What is the best title for the text?1 . The way human beings enjoy a longer lifespan8 . The importance of getting rid of air

11、pollution9 . Asian people are suffering from serious air pollution10 Air pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year体裁：说明文 题材：环境保护 主题：空气污染导致人的寿命 减少一年以上【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染易导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致 心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。11 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"These particulates can enter dee

12、p into the lungs and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks strokes and cancer 可知, PM 2.5 影 响人体健康，故A项正确。答案：A12 .解析：细节理解题。根据第二段It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overal

13、l life expectancy!知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体 预期寿命。故B项正确。答案：B13 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large 可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有 好处；据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故 C项正 确。答案：C14 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Ai

14、rpollution shortenshuman lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过 介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故 D项最 适合作本文的标题。答案：DB（2019 长沙四校高三模拟）A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recen

15、t years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.More than 2, 000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ic ethe p

16、rimary habitat （栖息地）of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik , but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s.More bears seeme

17、d to stay on land and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies.US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s.As more attention

18、 was given to the plight （困难）of polar bears about a decade ago more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011 said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. "Today we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors many

19、from around the world each year, " Reed said.Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore.Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004.

20、Most of his clients户）are from China and Europe , as well as from the lower 48 US states.Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.The villagers have benefited a lot from that.In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from

21、tourism development.5. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?A. Food shortage.B. Climate change.C. Habitats' movement to shore.D. Their preference for land.6. How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?A. Excited.B. Puzzled.C. Concerned.D. Shocked.7. What can

22、 be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.B. Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.C. Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.D. Tourism affects the balance of nature.8. Which saying can describe the text?A. The fittest can survive.B. After a storm comes

23、 a calm.C. There is always opportunity in crisis.D. Every coin has two sides.体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：北极熊登陆促进旅游业 发展【语篇解读】本文是说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游 业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。5 .解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped

24、up the movement of sea icethe primary habitat（栖 H地）of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf more bears are remaining on land to look for food 可知，全球变暖力口 速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，故越来越多的北极熊待 在陆地上以寻找食物，故选 B。答案：B6 .解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的 北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来

25、越多地关注北极 熊所处的这一困境，随后，更多游客前往 Kaktovik。由此可推知，大 众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C项。答案：C7 .解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Most tourists visit in the fall” “Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels 可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。答案：A8 .解析：推理判断题。通读文章

26、可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极 熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北 极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一 个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此 D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。答案：DH .语法填空阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。(2019 福州高三质量检测)The information I 1.(collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2.(use)than

27、most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30, 000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogicalsentences were added to the text.The“ speed readers " 3.wertested didn't notice the irrelevant lines the readers who r

28、ead slowly spotted them immediately.I've interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessionst.(offer)by some speed reading courses.5. (them)stories indicate that improper methods are sometimesused to sell the courses.Here's howFirst, you're asked to read a passage from a book

29、6.which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then after about half 7.hour of instruction another reading test is given.But this time the reading is the one most educated Americans know wellsuch as Adventuresof Huckleberry Finn.Not 8.(

30、surprising) persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exitspeed and comprehensionare better than their “ entry ” 9.(perform)I'm one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing.Occasionally I'll read a passage or sentence over and over just 10.(let) t

31、he beauty of its constructionsoak in (渗透).Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.体裁：说明文 题材：文化生活主题：快速阅读并非那么有用【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用，仔细阅读才能 领略文字的魅力。1 .解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的in the last few years”可知，该处可用现在完成时，意为“过去几年收集到的信息让我相信快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那

32、么有用"；收集信息的动作也可以 看成从过去开始一直持续到当前的动作，故也可以用现在完成进行时。故填 have collected/have been collecting答案：have collected/have been collecting2 .解析：考查形容词。句意参见上题解析。根据空前的be les§及空后的than”可知，空处应用形容词，故填 useful答案：useful3 .解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句， 修饰先行词The Speedreaders”，且在从句中作主语，表示人，故用 who或that引导该定语从句。答案:who/th

33、at4 .解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空后的by”并结合语境可知，动词offer和其主语the introductory sessions间为逻辑上的动宾关系， 故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。答案：offered5 .解析：考查代词。根据空前一句中的 I've interviewed people 及空后的stories'可知，此处表示“他们的故事”，故用形容词性物主 代词their。答案：Their6 .解析：考查介词。分析该句结构可知，该句为 “介词+关系代 词”引导的定语从句，be unfamiliar with sth为固定用法，意为“对某 事物不熟悉”，故空处应填介词w

34、ith。答案：with7 .解析：考查冠词。half an hour意为“半小时”，为固定用法， 故用不定冠词an。答案：an8 .解析：考查副词。此处应用副词修饰整个句子，表示“不足为 奇的是“，故用 surprising的副词形式 surprisingly。答案：surprisingly9 .解析：考查词形转换。根据本句中的 “their 'exit' speed以 及空前的their entry”可知，空处应用名词；peformance意为“表现” 时可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填 performance（s>答案：peformance（s）10 .解析：考查

35、动词的不定式。该句意为：我偶尔会反复地阅读 一个章节或者一个句子，仅是为了使其结构之美渗透出来。根据句意 并分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式。答案：to letm .短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌 写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错 误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；11 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。After sch

36、ooltoday, I took a walk in the park, depressingand down.I have made considerableefforts win the talent contest but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying, a boy in glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethoven's symphony with his mobile phone.Besid ehe s

37、aid Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his word, I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved, wecould create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us.I was true thankful for their encouragement.答案和解析：depressingAfter schooltoday, I took a walk in the park, depressed and,have u down.I -hod made considera