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1、叮叮小文库1.0 Section 11.1 PESTLPolitical: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinkin g and the consequent antisocial behaviour, particularly in city centres. So that the Ma rtin is a noted euro-sceptic and in 2002 printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 t o save the pound

2、.Economic: The supermarket began selling drinks. This result in people drinking at home and this company lose its competitive prices.So J D saved the pound.Social: J D Wetherspoon does not serve complimentary crisps with baguettes. Custom ers thought that the fried food is not healthy.Also, they beg

3、an to reduce the wine drink ing. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.Technological: J D have plasma screens and can show TV programmersThere is a ventilation system (costing more than 100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.Legal: The ( tie

4、house system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies cou ld operate. The government concern about binge drinking, so the pub need esta blish a range of rules. There was a law severely limited the number of pubs, so J D as a retailer stepped into market had gotten many advantages.1.2 SWOTStre

5、ngth: The kids can eat in the bar parents. In addition, they lower the price of bee r sold to a wide range of real beer.Moreover, J D places great importance on listenin g to and acting on, it has two-way communication from members of staff on all aspect s of the business about the feedback.Weakness

6、: J D cannot meet the social-culture even it did have TV screens and its peaceful motto is also no longer fitted. So that the pubs cannot solicit tho se customer like music or TV lover. In 2001, J D had long been a stock market fa vourite but the share price also fell.Opportunities: Pubs are not onl

7、y provide breakfast, but also built a dedicated f amily dining area which make children and adults eat together. J D also begu n developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit o f J D . J D used to have a clear idea that it can choose what sort of pubs it wished t o

8、 operate and combined them perfectly while the other operators cannot did this. Threat: There are more and more competitors, such as Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarkets. The market appears too many suppliers so that the marketing competition is become fierce. External environment will in

9、fluence on J D through opportunity and threaten. Threat could use opportunities to make weakness become strength.1.3 Effect of SWOTGuidelines for SWOT Ana lysis: First, keep it simple. It' s important to focus on yourorganization. Moreover, be rooted in the now and don't get lost in the futu

10、re.(http:/www.ryerson.ca/kjensen/strategic_planning/swot.html)With the change of time, the internal and external environment will change. So SWOT would change also. Strength and weakness belongs to internal which can analysis the internal information, and the opportunity and threaten belongs to exte

11、rnal. Some strength, but also may be a weakness. So the organization should distinguish what is the strength or the weakness.A SWOT analysis is only be used for consulting, wecouldn 'use SWOT analysis to make strategy. Opportunity and threaten can be founded in PESTEL that implies many factor of

12、 external environment.2.0 Section 22.1 Value of CultureOrganizational culture encompassesvalues and behaviors that "contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization." (The Business Dictionary. Organizational culture 2015 ) In other words, culture is a kind o

13、f val ues and Shared a group of person take together constitute a surviving design standar d system.Shared value is a high-profile symbol, and a formal form. It can become embodied in the organization ' s ideology or philosophy and act aseatgibehavior and ways of dealing with anxiety, uncertainl

14、y and difficult events. The organizations need value “ From one part, it can help them to guide the behavior of employees and regulate the workers. On the other hand, “sharevalue "is the essential part of organizational culture. Assumption value is low-profile symbol, informal form and unspoken

15、 rules. The basic assumptions at very fundamental, almost sub-conscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. Due to unseen and not openly identified in the day to day interactions, these factors also called as rules ” .In the case, pubs are commonly considered as socia

16、lize area, so the pubs always supply cheap food and comfortable communicating atmosphere. Even more when people have awareness of non-smoking, the pubs will set up a special area for non-smoking which meets the customer ' s needs.2.2 Type of CultureDeal and Kennedy created a model of culture tha

17、t is based on 4 different type s of organizations. They each focus on how quickly the organization receives f eedback, the way members are rewarded, and the level of risks taken: Work-ha rd, play-hard culture; Tough-guy macho culture; Process culture and Bet-the-co mpany culture. (http:/changingmind

18、/explanations/culture/deal_kennedy_cultur e.htm) The mode of Deal and Kennedy will be used in judging which type is fit for th is company. Through the case, we can found that Tim Martin manages the compa ny with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff wor k

19、hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D is suit th e work hard/play hard culture. They also have high level energy and customer-or ientation. J D provide lower prices of beer and good service, and maintenance.The company always pays highly attention to the staff an

20、d the customers, and the inf ormation 'high-speed recreation, the feedback will rapid.The employees always have high-speed actions which result in high-speed recreation activities. J D als o does these suggestions quicklySo the risk is low.2.3 Relationship between Behavior and CultureOrganizatio

21、nal Behavior is “thestudy of human behavior in organizational setti ngs, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organi zation itself (Moorhead, G, & Griffin, R. W. /1995). Organisation behavior is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, wh

22、ether i nternal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert,and voluntary orinvol untary. (Elizabeth,2014). The relationship between organisation behavior and org anisation culture is consistent relationship. In this case, there are numbers of id eas and suggestions are discussed each we

23、ek in company meeting and staff are rewarded for their suggestion, staff can also discuss company issues with boar d members.2.4 Another culture typeAccording to DK model, J D could choose tough guy, which have higher risk and slower feedback than work hard/ play hard. J D can carry out more party t

24、o attract customer and take cost-advantage to confront competitor. And the type of tough guy mostly applies to this type of company which fast-moving financial and police forceor athletes competing in team sports, and they are focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future, they make mor

25、e short-term decisions. As the drawing of Christmas Eve, J D can plan a activity to promote their product and service. So the feedback is rapid, and exist high risk. However, even the reward of tough guy is high, it also may result in stress of staff and has influence on the performance of employees

26、.3.0 Section 33.1 Business strategyThe main strategies are classified into four types: cost leadership, differentiation, focus differentiation and penetration.Cost leadership: is a concept developed by Michael Porter, used in business strategy. It describes a way to establish the competitive advanta

27、ge. Cost leadership means the lowest cost of operation in the industry (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997) . The cost leadership is often driven by company efficiency, size, scale, scope and cumulative experience (learning curve). A cost leadership strategy aims to exploit scale of production, well defined scope

28、 and other economies, producing highly standardized products, using high technology. Business environment: strong competition and a threat of substitute products.Differentiation: is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target mark

29、et. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as a firm's own products(Chamberlin, 1949). Business environment: The chosen basis for differentiation should be inherently difficult to imitate, and will probably need to be developed over time. It could reduce rivalry

30、with competitors and improve customer loyalty.Focus differentiation: seeks a high price premium in return for a high degree of differentiation. It means focus on a well-defined and probably quite restricted market segment. Business environment: If the market was saturated, the focused differentiatio

31、n could provide opportunities.Penetration: It measures the brand popularity. It is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand or a category of goods at least once in a given period,divided by the size of the relevant market population(Farris, Bendle, Pfeifer, et al, 2010). Market penet

32、ration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined byAnsoff. Business environment: In a stagnating market increase in sales cause there is only possible by grabbing market share from rivals.3.2 Strategy during the 1980s and 1990sDuring the 1980s and 1990s, J D

33、 Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation. In the case, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, which has many pubs. The company aims to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it was always make its strategy in the pub chain, all actions of JD like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so o

34、n, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style. During the1980s and 1990s, JD built non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. The company thinks that the stuffs are its best asset.There are four benefits if J D Wetherspoon choose the differentiation: the company build its

35、 own style and brand, form own customer group, the quick growing of expansion about share and scope, and the income is more than before.3.3 Strategy during the 21st centuryDuring the 21st century, J D Wetherspoon adopted the focus differentiation. In the case, they provided the differentiated produc

36、ts and services to meet the demands of customers. For instance, there are a dedicated family dining area, which children and adults can eat together. The different strategy could make the different effect to the organization structure, management style and organization culture.During the 1980s and 1

37、990s the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon plc, instead of buying the other pubs. At that time, all the pubs' style is same, so it could use the same management style. But in the 21st century, while it also pays attention to the

38、 staffs, it try to change its style, manage model and the food what has provided.3.4 Two factorsBefore changing the strategy, J D Wetherspoon may considerexterior environment and industry life cycle.Exterior environment: When the company can not adapt to the changes in the external environment, the

39、strategic drift occurs. Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organi

40、zation competes (Nag R, Hambrick D C, Chen M J.,2007).During the 21st century, the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the 'tiehouse system. Other pubs had been adapted it and developing their business.Therefore, there are much more competitors for JD. It led to the market satura

41、tion of pub. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Industry life cycle: The stages are the same for all industries, yet industries cycle through the stages in various lengths of time. Even within the same industry, various firms may be at different life cycle stages. Strategies of

42、 a firm as well as of competitors vary depending on the stage of the life cycle. The growth of an industry's sales over time is used to chart the life cycle. The distinct stages of an industry life cycle are: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (reference for business, 2013). When the in

43、dustry development to maturity, the company should consider the change In this case, the pubs industry has entered a mature stage so that the competitors will be more and more. So J D Wetherspoon needs considering different product form other pubs to attract customers. J D Wetherspoon pubs now serve

44、 breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hours begin at 11.00 a.m.3.5 Business strategy and strategic choiceBusiness strategy: A business strategy typically is a document that clearly articulates the direction a business will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. It facilitates enterprise to achieve competitive advantage in the market, and create more benefits.Strategic choice: Choose one of the most appropri

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