2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语法部分专题三基础点课时第2讲冠词教学案

1、第2讲冠词在语法填空中解答有关冠词的题目时，要明确设空处是特指还是泛指还要知晓a与an的区别 ；在短文改错中，除了判断泛指或特指外，还要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词而 不可数名词或可数名词复数前除特指时用定冠词the外，一般不用冠词，同时对含有冠词的固定搭配也应熟练掌握。 考点感悟 语法填空语法填空对冠词的考查主要是不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法及固定搭配。感1.（2019 山西太原五中高三下学期）While no everyone will have pondered （思索）the subject while staring out of the window during flight, t

2、he question asto why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting.答案：a此处用不定冠词来表示泛指一类事情，故答案为a。2 .（2019 湖北黄冈高三联考）Han Haihua described form of bullfightinghe teaches as the explosive power of hard“qigong ” , saying it combines the skilland speed of martial arts with tradition

3、al wrestling moves.答案：the分析句子可知，特指 Han Haihua所教的斗牛形式，所以用定冠词 the表示特指。故填the。3 .（2019 福建厦门高三下学期质检）With series of well-planned andtourist-friendly cultural activities, the Palace Museumis now on a campaign to make traditional Chinese culture more accessible to the general public.答案：a 表示"一系列的”应用 a s

4、eries of .,故该空填冠词 a。4 .（2016 全国卷 n ）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.答案：a for a while“一会儿”为固定搭配。5 .（2015 全国卷 n ）The adobe dwellings （ 土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of ar

5、chitects andengineers.答案：the最高级前应用定冠词the。悟1.学会判断是否填冠词如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词，则很可能填冠词；如果空格及后 面的名词可翻译成“一”的概念，一般填 a/an ,如果翻译成“这/那”的概念，一般填 the ; 如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语，则很可能填the。6 .熟记含冠词的固定搭配参见后文“考点素能三”中的内容。短文改错短文改错中主要考查不定冠词 a 和 an 及不定冠词与定冠词的错用、冠词的缺失与多余，尤其要注意固定搭配。感1.（2019 安徽示范性

6、高中皖北协作区高三联考）On third day, our bus pulled intoa motorway service station.答案： third 前加 the 表示顺序的序数词前需加定冠词，故在 third 前加 the 。7 .（2019 四川遂宁市高三第三次诊断）A car ran into a truck and fortunately,nobody got injured. Who will be responsible for an accident is still under investigation.答案：an-the本句中是特指这次“一辆小汽车撞上了一辆卡

7、车”的事故，因此要用特指，而不是泛指，故把an 改为 the 。8 .（2019 广东省湛江市高三调研）Half a hour later, I managed to find the correctanswer.答案：afanhour首字母的发音为元音音素。故将 a改为an。9 .（2016 全国卷出）At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.答案： 去掉 the at first 意为“起初，一开始”，为固定短语。悟 1. 要知晓何为泛指何为特指参见后文“考点素能一”中所讲。10

8、 冠词的错用 表示泛指时用不定冠词（ 元音音素前用an ，辅音音素前用a） ，表示特指时用定冠词the 。11 单数可数名词前冠词的缺失一般来说单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词，然后可根据泛指、特指去判断应用何冠词。12 冠词的多余一看到不可数名词或可数名词复数表泛指应考虑到是否多用了冠词。13 两种基础要打牢一是定冠词the 的常用情况，二是含有定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的固定短语，这些都是基础，记住才是硬道理。考点素能明确冠词的泛指与特指1 泛指：不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指。2.特指：用在上文提到的人或物前；用在被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前；用在双方默认的特定的人或

9、物前。二 掌握必用定冠词的情况1 the 用在最高级或序数词前面或由 only, very, same 等修饰的名词前面。Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗？China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。2 the 用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。the wounded 伤员 the rich 富人The Green

10、s are on holiday now.格林一家 （ 夫妇 ）现在正在度假。3 the 用在年代、朝代及逢十的数词 （表示某个年代）前。the Tang Dynasty 唐朝in the 1990's 在 20 世纪 90 年代4 the 与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况：用于“ the +比较级，the +比较级”结构中，表示“越越”之意。The more we do for the people, the happier we'll be.我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。用在“the +比较级+ of the two ”结构中，表示“两个中较的一个“。She

11、is the taller of the two girls.她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。5 用于固定结构“ 动词 sb. 介词 the 身体某一部位” 中。An apple fell from the tree and hit him onthe head.一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。6 用 在 表 示 度 量 单 位 的 名 词 前 ， 表 示 “ 每 一 ” 。 如 by the hour/day/week/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo ，但 size/weight/time 这类名词跟by 连用时不加定冠词。We got paid by the mon

12、th .我们按月计酬。Meat is sold by weight .肉按重量出售。三 熟记常考固定搭配1 含不定冠词的固定搭配as a result 因此 as a rule 通常as a whole 总体上 at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 匆忙 in a word 总之pay a visit to 拜访 put an end to 结束once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前all of a sudden 突然 be on a diet 节食in a short while 不久 have/catch a cold 感冒make a l

13、iving 谋生 have/take a rest 休息as a matter of fact 事实上 in a sense 在某种意义上in a way 在某种程度上 keep an eye on 照看，留意have a gift for在某方面有天赋give sb. a lift让某人搭便车2 含定冠词的固定搭配in the end 最后 in the way 挡道in the distance 在远处 by the way 顺便说一下on the whole 总的来说 at the same time 同时to tell the truth 说实话 for the time being

14、暂时on the spot 在现场 not in the least 一点也不the other day 前几天 take the place of 代替at the moment 此刻，目前to the point 切题make the most/best of 充分利用on the other hand 另一方面in the middle of 在中间3 含零冠词的固定搭配at present 目前 take part in 参加in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧on purpose 故意 lose heart 灰心out of control 失控 out

15、 of work 失业ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前by law 根据法律 by mistake 由于差错under repair 处于维修中 day and night 整日整夜at risk 有危险 in danger 处于危险之中from morning till night从早到晚on second thoughts 再想一想过关检测 （ 限时： 30 分钟 ）I.单句语法填空1 If your parents see that you have high sense of responsibility, theywill give you the rig

16、ht to do what you want to do.答案：a2 He became one of most popular stars of American television.答案：the3 You can always keep yourself interested and it can help you have enjoyable time if you like reading.答案：an4 Smiths you are looking for no longer live here.答案：The5 Jane's grandmother had wanted to

17、 write children's book for manyyears,but one thing or another always got in way.答案： a; the6 I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunmanwearing a mask.答案： the; a7 The parents were shocked by news that their son need operationon his knee.答案： the; an8 He was driving at 50 miles hour.答案：

18、an9 The education of young is always a serious topic.答案：the10 Have you listened to weatherforecast, Linda? Yes. It says that there will be a heavy rain this weekend.答案：then .单句改错1 An eighteenth century was the golden age of the novel.答案：An The2 We were touched by such a act of kindness on a hot day.

19、答案：第一个a-an3 In the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.答案： different 前加 a4 I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.答案： 去掉 sight 前的 a5 Finally, I accepted the offer of a 80 year old peas

20、ant womanwho lived alone in a little house.答案：第一个a-an6 A Chinese people are industrious and brave.答案：2 The7 Thank you for sending us fresh vegetables of many kinds, and you have offered great service.答案： great 前加 a8 We all need the clean world to live in, so we should do something to stop the pollut

21、ion.答案：第一个thefa9 My aunt, as a easy going old lady, did give us a surprise when she lost her temper at the family party yesterday.答案：afan10 The report said that a bus went out of control on a highway the south of the city and rushed into a river.答案： 去掉 south 前的 them .语法填空That Beijing, together with

22、Zhangjiakou, succeeded in_1_ (get) the chance tohost the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City.Word came _2_ the Beijing Zhangjiakou high speed railway,_3_ (locate) in NorthChina, is currently under construction, and _4_ (expect)Jo be completed by 2020 in preparati

23、on for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. Starting from Beijing North Railway Station, heading west through the Great Wall three times in the capital's territory, the project is a big challenge, _5_ designers say the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have an impact on the s

24、tructure. The line has a _6_ (long) of 174 km as a double tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten stations situated along its route. Having a _7_ (totally) investment of 31.17 billionyuan($5 billion), the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes, with the train _8_ (travel) at an ave

25、rage of 250 km/h. According to the plan, the high一speed railway will build two branch linesone is to Yanqing Station and the other_9_ Taizicheng of Chongli,10_ the Olympic village lies. The fullrailway, whichincludes 70 kilometer section through Beijing, will be completed in four and a half years.1.

26、.7.89.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述北京和张家口将在2022年联手举办冬奥会，因此一条从北京到张家口的高速铁路预计将在2020年竣工。1. getting考查固定搭配。succeed in doing sth. “成功做成某事“，为固定搭配，故填 getting 。2. that 考查连接词。word came that . "消息传来”，为固定搭配，此处是that引导的同位语从句，故填 that 。3. located考查非谓语动词。be located in "坐落在"，为固定搭配，此处是过去分词作定语，故填 located

27、。4. is expected考查动词的时态和语态。句意：北京到张家口的高速铁路预计在2020年完成。根据句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态，故填 is expected 。5. but 考查连词。根据句意可知此处表示转折，故填 but。6. length考查词性转换。此处表示“长度"，故填 long的名词形式length。7. total考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，故填 total 。8. . travel(l)ing考查非谓语动词。此处是 with的复合结构，表示主动，故填 travel(l)ing9. to考查介词。此处表示“到”，故填 to。10. where考查定语从句的引导

28、词。此处 Taizicheng of Chongli为先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。W .短文改错Dear friends ,It is a great honor to share with you my experience in making English speeches.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me. Due to myterrible pronunciation, I often got misunderstood or even laughed by others. I never succeed in speech competitions. Therefore, I refused to give up. Every day I spent two hours listen to English programs to improve m