牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-3-介词感叹句阅读D_学案

1、学科教师辅导学案课程主题：17-3-介词感叹句阅读 D1. 注意介词固定搭配与汉语表达方式的差异；学习目标2. 掌握常用介词的固定搭配及各种不同用法考情解析。3. 掌握感叹句的类型及考点。教学内容1.名词和冠词的知识回顾一.介词【知识梳理】1. 介词的用法介词用于名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句前，表示与其他成分的关系 介词可以与名词、形容词和动词搭配表示不同的意义2. 表示时间段的介词3.表示位置关系、运动方向的介词第 31 页4.常用介词的用法1）about（1）关于例如： They had a discussion about the plan for the new ter

2、m. 他们讨论了新学期的计划（2）大约、差不多例如： He will stay there for about four days. 他要在那里大约待四天。2）as（1）作为例如： He works as a captain on a ship. 他在一艘船上当船长。（2）与 一样例如： He is the same age as my sister. 他与我姐姐同岁 .3）表示价格、次数、速度等例如： It was sold at that price. 它是按这个价钱卖的。You must do all this at a time. 你们必须一次做好所有这一切。He drove his

3、car at 50 miles an hour. 他开车以每小时 50 英里的速度行驶。4）by（1）被、由（用于被动语态）例如： Have you read any novel written by Lu Xun ？你读过鲁迅写的小说吗？（2）靠、用、通过（手段、方法）例如： Do you want to send this letter by air mail or by ordinary mail ？ 你是想航空邮寄还是普通邮寄这封信？（3）乘（交通工具）例如： I will go there by bus,then on foot. 我将乘公共汽车然后步行七那儿。5）for（1）表示目

4、的例如： Can you make a cake for me ， mum ？妈妈，你能为我买个蛋糕吗？（ 2 ）表示原因例如： He did it for two reasons. 他做出这件事出于两个原因。（3）对 而言，表示对象例如： It is necessary for the students to go to school on time. 对学生来说按时到校是必要的（4）要求得到例如： They often go to their teachers for advice. 他们经常去向老师求教。6) from(1) 从 ，来自 例如： This present is from

5、my friend. 这份礼物是我朋友送我的。(2) 用 制造(组成)(看不出原材料)例如： Wine is made from grapes. 红酒是由葡萄酿制的。7) in(1)用 语言；用 原材料例如： We must write the essay in English 我们必须用英语写论文。He likes signing his name in blue ink 他喜欢用蓝墨水签名。(2) 表示衣着例如： The lady in red is Miss Wang. 穿红衣服的这位女士是王老师。(3) 以 形式；以 方式例如： In this way he has worked ou

6、t two maths problems. 他用这种方式已经做出两道数学难题。8) like 像、似(一样)。例如： You must never do things like that 你必须永远不再做那样的事。9) of(1) 的例如： What's the population of China? 中国的人口有多少？ (2)表示年龄15 岁例如： When she wrote the book, she was only a girl of fifteen 她写这本书时年仅(3) 中最突出的例如： Of all the subjects,I like maths best 所有的

7、学科中，我最喜欢数学(4) 表示数量和种类例如： A group of boys were playing football in the playground. 一群男孩正在操场上踢足球。(5)用制造(组成)(看得出原材料)例如：Our desks and chairs are made of wood 我们的桌椅是木头做的。10) on(1)通过例如：There will lie a tennis match on Channel 8 tonight 今晚八频道将有一场网球赛。(2)去路上例如：On his way home, he met his old friend 在回家路上，他遇见

8、了他的老朋友。(3)处于 情况(状态)中例如：The house is on fire 这房子着火了。(4)关于例如：He will write a book on the history of Beijing 他将写一本关于北京历史的书。11) to(1)表示对象例如： I rose and passed the plate to him. 我起身把盘子给他。(2)致使，表示结果例如： To their joy, they won a prize in the contest. 在竞赛中获奖，使他们很高兴12) with1）表示共同关系：和；和例如： I invited him to hav

9、e dinner with me. 我邀请他和我一起吃饭。2）表示工具、手段等；用；被例如： The boy cut the wood with a knife. 男孩用刀刻木头。3）表示从属关系：具有、带有；在身边例如： The Wright brothers invented the first plane with an engine.莱特兄弟发明了第一架带发动机的飞机。4）表示原因：因为、由于例如： With his help, I passed the test. 在他的帮助下，我通过了测验。13）without 没有、不例如： You can ' t go in witho

10、ut a ticket没. 有票你不能进去。5.形容词与介词的搭配be famous for 以 出名be pleased with 对 满意be interested in 对 感兴趣be angry with 对 生气be late for 迟到be ready for 对 做好了准备be good at 擅长于be proud of 为 感到自豪be busy with 忙于be surprised at 对 感到惊讶6.动词与介词的搭配agree with 同意某人意见enter for 报名参加help sb. with 帮助某人operate on 给某人动手术worry abou

11、t 为 担忧point at 指着clear from清除 pay for 付钱买 protect from保护run after 追赶belong to 属于prefer to宁可；更喜欢7.惯用词组中的介词not at all一点也不in fact 事实上in all 总共（ all ） by oneself 独自by the way 顺便at the moment 此刻in a hurry 匆忙地in charge of 负责in no time 很快from time to time 不时地in time 及时on time 准时8.学习建议：（1）介词的用法庞杂，学习时要抓住其要害：

12、弄清句子意思、句子结构，分析介词在句子中的成分；（2）掌握大量介词短语与固定搭配对解题是非常有益处的；（3）巧用图示例法：对于一些表示方位的介词，可以借助图示例进行学习；（4）巧计时间名词前介词的用法，如下顺口溜：年月周前要用 in，日子前面却不行；遇到几号要用 on，上午下午又是 in；要说某日上下午，用 on 换 in 才能行；正午夜晚用 at，黎明用它也不错；at 也在钟点前，说 “差”用 to， past表示“过”；多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。【例题精讲】例 1.The giraffe is a tall animal a long neck.A. onB. ofC. withD.

13、 around例 2.Many students ask the Language Doctor some advice and it is really helpful.A. onB. forC. toD. with例 3.Dalian is in the north of China5.9 million people.A. orB. soC. andD. with例 4.The students have about twenty days for Spring Festival every year.A. onB. outC. inD. off【课堂练习】1. -Do you know

14、 the girl over there ?-It is said that it's selfish her to think only herself.A. much, for, ofB. well, for, aboutC. nice, of, overD. well, of, of2. Would you like some coffee or milk?No,thanks. I would rather drink tea milk in itA. thatB. asC. thanD. with3. Mr. James wasn't competitive at al

15、l, and it was not longMs firm went bankrupt.A. afterB. whenC. untilD. before4. Many women in China would like to be dressed red their wedding day.A. in;inB. in;onC. on;onD. on;in5. -Who would you choose as your best friend?-I 'd choose Simon.He 's willing to help othersd _n_e_e_their Maths.A

16、. for;withB. in;withC. with;forD. to;/二.感叹句【知识梳理】1. 感叹句的概念感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调2. 感叹句的基本句型【句型一】 What + （a / an） + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What a clever boy he is! （ 他是个 ） 多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! （ 这是个 ）多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！What beautiful flowers they

17、 are! （ 它们是 ）多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】 在感叹句中， What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。 what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！【句型二】 H

18、ow + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How well you look! 你气色真好 !How kind you are! 你心肠真好 !How beatifully you sing! 你唱得真好听 !Strawberries! How nice! 草莓 ! 多好呀 !How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！【说明】 how 还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！3. 感叹句

19、解题方法（一） 一找，二断，三辨，四确定构成感叹句的感叹词有两个： what 和 how ，其基本结构是：1） What 名词陈述肯定式：2）How 形容词（或副词）陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用 what 还是该用 how 弄不清楚。如： cold water this is ！A HowB What cold it is ！A WhatB How如果我们采取 “一找?二断?三辨?四确定 ”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。 “二断 ”就是在句中的名词 （形容词、副词等） 与代词（或名词） 之间断开。例如上面第一句应在 water 与 this 中断开（因 thi

20、s 是指示代词） ，断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓 “三辨 ”，句中断线前的词是 water ，而 water 是 名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选 B 。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断： cold it is ！断开线，其前 cold 是形容词，故应填 How 。上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还 要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词（a an）。例如：nice present it is ！A HowB WhatCHow

21、D What a用上述方法，从 present 与 it 之间断开，断线前 present 是名词，且为单数可数名词， nice 又以辅音开头，故选 D 。4. 感叹句解题技巧（二） “断找 去添改”五步法若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这 “五步法 ”。如：The picture is very beautiful 断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：The picture is very beautiful 找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。 （比如本句中心词 beautiful 是形容词，修饰该 词的是 very ，变时应去掉

22、 very 。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添 What ；是形容词或副词就添 How 。 改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为 大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。据此，上句就变成了： How beautiful the picture is ！再如：要把 “He is a good student ”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：He isa good student中心词是名词 student，agood 为修饰 student 的修饰语，

23、不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词 what ，变成： What a good student he is！ 【例题精讲】 例 1.exciting news report we ' ve heard !Yes,team of our women teachers won the first place in the dancing competition.A. What, theB. How, theC. What an, aD. What, a例 2. interesting book the reporter named Chai Jing has written! I agree

24、 with you. Her articles are not only interesting, but also meaningful.A. What aB. What anC. HowD. How an例 3. lovely weather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an【课堂练习】1. it is to have a cold drink on such a hot day!A. What a funB. How funC. What funD. How a fun2. disappointed she

25、 will be if she knows the result of the match!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an3. sunny day it is! Let's go to fly kites.A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a4.Look at the picture.beautiful Sanya is! I'll go there this summer holiday.A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a5. strong the wind is! We could hard

26、ly walk in the wind.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a【知识梳理】1. 题型概述回答问题题型是 “阅读理解 ”的一种形式，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。题目难度介于 阅读理解和写作之间 ,要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的 能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其他文体 为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。2. 解题技巧（1）读懂问题 通读全文 信息定位 准确表达 避免答非所问；（2）注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还

27、是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章类型准确填 写；（3）注意文章中的人称和时态，做到问答一致。考试时最常见的错误就是时态语态用错；（4）灵活运用同义词语的替换和各种句型的不同表达；（5）对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的 想象；（6）在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地看待。有些不影响理解的生词（如地名，人名）可直接忽视掉。有些生 词前后会出现破折号、冒号或者出现that is to say 或者 that means 等词时，其实就是解释说明的作用。可以注意推测出词意；（7）态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要

28、有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。【例题精讲】例 1. Isabel Allende ' s novels are enjoyed all over the world. She is famous for her creativity and imagination. And her own personal story is as amazing as any she has ever told in a novel. Born in 1942, Allende ' s family moved often during her childhood. She went

29、 to school in South America, Europe, and Asia. As a young woman, she became a journalist in Santiago, Chile 智'利 s）（capital city. Then, she got married and had two children. In 1970, everything began to change.Leaving homeIsabel Allende' s uncle was a political leader named Salvador Allende.

30、In 1970, her uncle was elected president ofChile. In 1973, Augusto Pinochet led a military takeover（ 军事接管 ）of the Chilean government. President Allende was killed during the fighting. When Isabel Allende began to fear for her life, she and her family decided to move to Venezuela（ 委内瑞拉 ）.From Newspap

31、er to Novelswrite a letter aIt was really a painful experience for Isabel Allendo to flee her country. Without this experience, however, Allende says she never would have begun writing novels. Then she got a phone call from Chile. Her grandfather was dying. She knew she could not return home to be w

32、ith him, but she wanted to respect him in someway. “ I decided to the things he told us when we were young, ” Allende explains. Later, he wrote a long letter which became Allende novel, The House of the Spirits.The Writing Life't a” Allende t writing can be“I spent ten, twelve hours a day in a r

33、oom, writing,” Allen says,“I don 't talk to anybody; I donshe finishes the first draft（ 草稿 ）of a new novel, Allende mails a copy to her toughest critic（ 最严厉的评论家 ）. “ I send it to my mother in Chile. She reads it and come here with a red pencil. We fight for a month at least. en goes back to work

34、 until she feels the book is finished.“ The storytelling is the fun part,” she says. “ The1.Isabel Allende' s own personal story is very amazing, isn' t it?2. What was Isabel Allende before she got married?3. How did the military takeover influence（ 影响 ）Isabel Allende' s life?4. Why did

35、Isabel Allende start writing her first novel?5. How do you understand“ We fight for a month at least” in the last paragraph?6. What kind of person do you think Isabel Allende is? Give your reason（s）.【课堂练习】1.Antarctica（ 南极洲） is the fifth-largest continent on Earth. It is also the coldest, windiest, d

36、riest and highest continent. It is an ice-covered place where no large plants grow, and no land animals live there.Antarctica covers an area of more than 13.6 million square kilometers. It is nearly twice the size of Australia, or one-and-a half times the size of the United States of America.Antarct

37、ica does not belong to one country, and it has no government. People visit Antarctica-usually as tourists, or to do scientific research- but no one lives there all the time.Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. It is not certain who first saw Antarctica, but sailors began to map Antarc

38、tica 's coast from their ships in the 1800s. The first confirmed证 （实） landing was in the mid-1890s.s souOver the next few years, several men tried but failed to reach the South Pole, which is the EarthFinally, a team led by Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached the South Poe in 1911. By then, countri

39、es around the world were becoming more and more interested in the frozen continent, and soon seven nations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom, had laid claim to parts of Antarctica.As so many nations had made a claim to territory in Antarctica, it was cl

40、ear that fighting might break out. Diplomats（外交官） from different countries wanted to stop a war from starting, so they began talking about a treaty for Antarctica A treaty is a written agreement signed by tow or more nations.Several countries had already set up research stations in Antarctic where s

41、cientists could live and work. Most scientists worked during the summer months when it was not as cold as in winter. Scientist hoped a treaty would allow them to continue their work and to exchange information with scientists from countries.A. to learn, possibleB. of learning, possiblyC. of learning

42、, was possibleD. to learning, possible3. The journey to Beijing might only a very short time such cars that travel such a speed.A. spend; in; atB. take; by; atC. cost; on;byD. take; in;at4. good time we have had in the junior middle school!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a5. A ) expensive B ) hand in C

43、)ready D)complete E)look upLast Sunday, I went to the post office to subscribe( 订阅 ) some magazines. I was there for half an hour and there was still a long line in front of me.My turn came at last. I quickly got everything done, and was (1) to leave .Just then, someonecame nearer to me. I stopped t

44、o (2) and saw him ， old and thin, with a dirty coat on him which had beenworn out. I could see easily that he was poor, from the far mountain area. I stepped backward. I was in my (3)new coat.He told me he wanted to send some money home but didn' t know how to (4)t h e t a b le in thesheet. He a

45、sked me if I could help him.“ But you can ask the clerk.” After these words, I looked awfraoyz ea nindt o silence.6. The twins(argue) about what TV programmes to watch when I got home.7. Taizhou is developing quickly. A number of (visit) around the world come here every year.8.She likes talking to o

46、thers while(wait) for the bus.9. This problem is not as difficult as that one. ( 保持原句意思 )This problem is than that one.10. People will talk about the safety of girls during the next meeting.( 改为被动语态)The safety of girls talked about during the next meeting.11. “ Where can I buy some postcards?” the t

47、ourist wo宾nd语e从red句. )(The tourist wondered he buy some postcards.12. In a book called Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas, a description is given of people helping others butdoing it secretly. When difficult problems worried a person, friends nearby would meet to discuss possible solution wi

48、thout the person knowing their actions. When a solution was agreed upon, one or two of the friends would carry out the plan and solve the problem secretly, to the great delight of the worried person. The helpers would stand by privately, content withtheir success. No reward was given to the problem

49、solvers, not even a sincere“ thank you ” , because they weThis idea is popular today but in a different way. The phrasepay it forward ” is n“ow used when one person hepl sanother. However, the person helped may not be able to repay the person or group that helped them. So rather than return the favo

50、r to their helpers, they are supposed to help someone else in the future, which means they pay it forward. It is a sense of responsibility（ 责任 ） which makes us want to give back in equal measure to the one who has helped us. But, in this case, the responsibility turns to helping someone in the futur

51、e.Suppose your elderly grandmother pays part of your schooling. She may tell you there is no need to repay her because it is a gift from someone who loves you very much. Nothing would please her more than to have you use her money to get a good education.You may never be able to repay her for such a

52、 gift. However, she not only gave you some money, but she provided you with an example that you should also help other people who need it.People with serious needs are everywhere. Many are children who need better clothes, more books and even better schools. Some are elderly peo ple who can ' t

53、afford their medicine or a doctor' s care. Consider how you can“ prather than pay money back to your grandmother.1. The helpers in the book“ Magnificent Obsession” were not rewarded because .A. they hadn ' t sdo ltvhe problems thoroughlyB. they had solved the problems secretlyC. they were fr

54、iends of the worried individualD. they expected to be paid back in the future2. The underlined word“ pay it forward” means .A. to repay someone who has helped youB. to pay someone else who needs helpC. to help someone who has helped youD. to help someone else who needs help3. What does the writer su

55、ggest with the example of“ your elderly grandmother ” ?A. We should learn to respect our grandparents.B. We should work hard to get a good education.C. We should also lend a hand to other people in need of help.D. We should never forget to repay people for their help.4. From the passage we know .A.

56、everybody needs helpB. more children need help than elderly peopleC. it costs a lot of money to“ pay it forward”D. nowadays many people help others without being repaid13. Whether it is“ women and children foirs t “ every” man for himself” in a shipwrecdke pmeanyd on how long ittakes the ship to sink, researchers said recently