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1、英语八大时态用法详解一一般现在时1. 概念:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2. 基本结构:( 1)主语+ be动词(is / am / are) +表语( 2 )主语+ 行为动词的原形或单数第三人称形式+其他( 3 ) There be 句型: There is / are +n. +介词短语is / are 根据 n. 的单复数决定。否定形式:( 1 ) am / is /are + not ; 2) 谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don t , 如主语为第三人称单数, 则用doesnt,同时行为动词还原为原形。 3) 3) There is / are not +n.
2、+介词短语一般疑问句:(1 )把 is / am / are 动词放于句首;(2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词;( 3 )There is / are +n. +介词短语: is / are 动词放于句首。3 .标志性时间状语:( 1) on + 星期 s = every 星期(2) once /twice/three times a week (month / year )( 3 )频度副词always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= (every)once in a while /seldom / n
3、ever (不绝对)( 4 ) in the mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening4 .用法:( 1 )表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning.( 2 )表示客观真理,客观存在或科学事实。如: The earth moves around the sun.( 3 )表示格言或警句。如: Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句
4、是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如: Columbus proved that the earth is round.( 4 )表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等。如: I don t want so much.Ann writes good English but does not speak well.( 5 )一般现在时表示将来含义 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
5、When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 在时间或条件状语句中。如: When Bill comes (不是 will come), ask him to wait for me.I ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.二一般过去时1. 概念: 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态; 过去习惯性、 经常性的动作或行为。2. 基本结构:( 1 )主语 + was / were + 表语( 2 )主语 + 行为动词的过去式+其他( 3) There be 句型 :There was / were
6、+n. +介词短语(4)主语+could+动词原形( 5 )主语 +used to do sth否定形式:( 1 ) was / were + not ;(2)在行为动词前加didn t ,同时还原行为动词。(3) There was / were not +n. +介词短语(4)主语+could not +动词原形( 5 )主语 +used not to do sth 或主语 +didn t use to do sth一般疑问句:( 1 ) was 或 were 放于句首;( 2 )用助动词do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词;( 3 ) There was / were +n.
7、+介词短语 :was 或 were 放于句首;( 4 ) could 放于句首;(5) Used 主语 + to do sth 或 Did+主语 +use to do sth3.时间状语:( 1 ) last 短语(2)时间段+ago ( 3) yesterday 及 yesterday 短语(4) at the age of = when sb. was+年龄(5) in one ' s teens /twenties( 6 )固定短语:just now=a moment ago, one day, from then on, at that time, the daybefore
8、yesterday, before, long before, in the past , in the / early old days, in the ancient days, in the ancient + 国家, long long ago = once upon a time ( 故事的开头)4. 用法:( 1 )在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如: Where did you go just now?( 2 )表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。如: When I was a child, I often played football in the str
9、eet.注意: used to do sth “过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去没这么健忘。( 3 )用于时间状语从句a. 由 when 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用过去进行时态。如: His mother was cooking when he came back.b. 由 since/before 引导的时间状语从句, 从句用一般过去时态, 主句用现在完成时态。如: I have made many friends since I came to China
10、.It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不觉 15 年过去了。c. 由 when / by the time/ before 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用 过去完成时态。如: The plane had taken off when / by the time we arrived at the airport.The Enlish class had begun before I got to school.三现在进行时1. 概念:
11、表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2. 基本结构:主语+ am / is /are + doing否定形式:主语+ am / is / are + not + doing一般疑问句:把be 动词放于句首。3. 时间状语:(1) now at this time = at this / the moment (3) Look!/Look at !(4) Listen! / Listen to ! (5) these days / months / years (6) It is+ 时间点/日期/星期4. 用法:( 1 )表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。如: We are wait
12、ing for you.( 2 )表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。如: Mr Green is writing another novel. ( 说话时并不一定在写小说 )( 3 )表示动作的渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。如: The leaves are turning red.It s getting warmer and warmer.( 4 ) 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用, 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。如: You ar
13、e always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。( 5 )用现在进行时表示将来下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如: I m leaving tomorrow.四过去进行时1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.2. 基本结构:主语+ was / were + doing否定形式:主语 + was / we
14、re + not + doing一般疑问句:把was 或 were 放于句首。3. 时间状语:( 1 ) at that time ( 2) at this time+ 过去的时间( 3) It was+ 时间点 / 日期 / 星期 (过去 )( 4 ) from A 时间 to B 时间 +过去的时间4. 用法:( 1 )过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。如: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.( 2 ) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。 时间点可以用介词短语、 副 词或从句来表示。如: Wha
15、t was she doing at nine o clock yesterday? (介词短语表示时间点)She was doing her homework then. (副词表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room. (when 从句表示时间点 )( 3 ) 在复合句中, 如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的, 那么主从句的 动词都可用过去进行时。如: When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. ( 两个动作都是延续的 ) He was cleani
16、ng his car while I was cooking. (两个动作同时进行或主句的动作发生在从 句的动作过程中)五一般将来时1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2. 基本结构:( 1 )主语 + am / is / are / going to do sth (2 )主语+ will do sth( 3 )主语+ am / is /are t to do sth ( 4 )主语 + am / is /are about to do sth否定形式:( 1 )主语 + am / is /are + not + going to do sth ( 2)主语+
17、 will not ( won t) do sth( 3 )主语+ am / is /are not t to do sth( 4)主语+ am / is /are not about to do sth一般疑问句:( 1 ) am / is / are 放于句首;(2) will 置于句首。( 3) am / is / are 放于句首;(4) am / is / are 放于句首;2. 时间状语:( 1 ) tomorrow 及其短语、 the day after tomorrow ( 2) next 短语( 3 )固定短语:one day, someday = some day, in
18、the future, from now / today on, beforelong, sometime, in + 时间段(多长时间之后), in following+ 时间段4. will 主要用于以下三个方面:( 1 )表示主观意愿的将来。如: They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.( 2 )表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。如: Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.He will be thirty years old this time next year.( 3 )表示临时决定,通
19、常用于对话中。( Mary has been ill for a week.( Oh, I didn t know. I will go and see her.5. be going to 主要用于以下两个方面:( 1 )表示事先经过考虑、打算、计划要做某事。如: Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。( 2 )表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。如: Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.6. 用于状语从
20、句由 when /as soon as / begore / after 等引导的时间状语从句或者 if, unless, as/ so longas 引导的条件状语从句, 从句用一般现在时态或从句为祈使句, 再或者从句中含有情态动词,主句用一般将来时态。(可理解为主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现)如:Don t trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.He will help you out whenever you have problems.I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.六
21、过去将来时1. 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。2. 基本结构:( 1 )主语 + was / were / going to do sth ( 2 )主语 + would do sth否定形式:( 1 )主语 + was / were / not + going to do sth ( 2 )主语 + would + not + do sth一般疑问句:( 1 ) was 或 were 放于句首;( 2) would 提到句首。3. 时间状语: the next day (morning, year), the following month (week) 等。4.
22、 用法:( 1 )“ would + 动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。如: He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。(2)“ was / were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。如: She said she was going to start off at once.I was told that he was going to return home.此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。如: It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。(3)
23、 come, go, leave , arrive , start 等瞬时动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如: He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.She told me she was coming to see me.七现在完成时1. 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 或从过去已经开始持 续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。3. 基本结构:主语+ have / has + done +其他否定形式:主语+ have / has + not +done +其他一般疑问句: Have / H
24、as +主语+ done +其他4. 时间状语:( 1 ) already (用于肯定句)yet (否定句和一般疑问句)(2) just, ever, before, never( 3 ) so far=up to now = until / till now = by now ( 4) over/ in the past /last + 时间段( 5 ) by + 时间( 6) by the end of + 现在的时间(7) since +过去时间(如具体的年、 月、 日、 钟点等, 如: 1980, last month, half past six)(8) since +一段时间+ a
25、go ( 9) recently = lately ( 10) in recent + 时间段5. 特殊用法:( 1 ) 由 since/before 引导的时间状语从句, 从句用一般过去时态,主句用现在完成时态。如: I have made many friends since I came to China.It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不觉 15 年过去了。( 2 )用于由that 引导的定语从句中,先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰。如: Y
26、ou re the best teacher that has ever taught me.6. 比较 since 和 forsince 用来说明动作起始时间, for 用来说明动作延续时间的长度。如: We haven t had any guests since we moved in here.I have lived here for more than twenty years.注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years. ( 我现在已不在这里工作。 )7. 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转
27、换:leave - be away from borrow - keep buy - have begin/start - be ondie - be dead finish - be over open sth - keep sth openjoin be in+组织机构 或be a member of+组织机构fall ill / asleep - be ill / asleepget up-be upcatch / get a cold - have a cold come here - be here go there - be there become / get +adj. - be+adj come back - be back get to/ arrive/reach - be (
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