时态和语态课件

1、 时态是谓语动词的形式,表动作发生的发生的时时间或所处的状态间或所处的状态.是由动词的不同形式来表现的，这就是动词的时态。动词的时态。英语时态英语时态共有16种，常考的有10种:一般现在时一般现在时(do/does） 一般过去时一般过去时 （did）一般将来时（一般将来时（shallwill do）过去将来时（）过去将来时（should /would do）现在进行时（）现在进行时（am/is/ are doing )过去进行时（过去进行时（was/were doing ) 将来进行时将来进行时(shall be doing) 现在完成时（现在完成时（have/has done)过去完成时过去

2、完成时(had done ) 现在完成进行时（现在完成进行时（have/has been doing )一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时将来进行时将来进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成时过去完成时将来完成时将来完成时记忆一下记忆一下）表现存的状态）表现存的状态、情况、情况He majors in Maths.I am a student now.The coat is very cheap.Does she work hard?Is there anything wrong with you?2)

3、表现阶段表现阶段经常性经常性、反复性或习惯性反复性或习惯性的的动作，常与表动作，常与表频度频度的的adv或时状连用。或时状连用。 always, usually, often, frequently,sometimes, occasionally，every, at, on Sunday，once a weekI go to school at 7 every morning.He is always ready to help others.He seldom watches TV. 3)表客观真理表客观真理、客观存在，科学事实和客观存在，科学事实和格言或警句中。格言或警句中。 A plan

4、e is faster than a car. Light travels faster than sound. The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.Columbus proved that the earth is round.He who doesnt reach the Great wall is not a true man.I _ping-pang quite well, but I havent had ti

5、me to play since the new year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. playMonths ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storms.(05Liaoning)A. was called B. is calledC. had been called D. has been called4)一般现在时的特殊用法一般现在时的特殊用法i：一般现在时代替过去时表过去：一般现在时代替过去时

6、表过去在宾从中，尽管主句用过去时，但从句所述内容为客观真理或经常性的动作，其谓动仍用一般现在时The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had hadii:一般现在时代替进行时一般现在时代替进行时在某些习惯性表达法中，表现正在发生的动作或存在的状态Here comes the bus!Ther

7、e goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.iii: 一般现在时表将来时一般现在时表将来时a. 表已安排或计划好，将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态时，通常为be， arrive， begin，go，leave，start，return等My birthday falls on April 24.The meeting is at 8:00a.m. tomorrow.Tomorrow we start for Shanghai.b.在含有条件、让步、时间状从的复合句中，从句用一般现在时表将来的动作（主将从现）We will try to finish the w

8、ork in time although we are short of manpower.1）表在）表在过去某一特定过去某一特定时间发生过的时间发生过的动作动作或存或存在的在的状态。常与表确切过去状态。常与表确切过去时状连用：时状连用：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982last night, just now等。等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Tianjin last

9、year. Did you get up early this morning?2）表过去）表过去经常性经常性、习惯性或反复发生习惯性或反复发生的动作。的动作。可与时状可与时状often连用连用,或或used to, would连用连用When I was a child, I often played football in the street.He always went to work by bus. He is no longer what he used to be. -If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been ba

10、ck by 6 oclock.-What a pity! Tina _here to see you.(2005 Hunan)A. is B. was C. would be D. has beenMy cousin went to Canada two years ago. He_ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006 Jiangxi)A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working All morning she waited for the

11、 medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_ .(2003)A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown（北京卷）（北京卷）22. Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?(2010)Who _ it?A. writes B. has writtenC. wrote D. had written助动助动will动原：动原：在陈述句中用于各在陈述句中用于各人称，（人称，（shall：用于一人称，常被用于一人称，常被will 代替）。代替）。

12、在征求意见时常用于二人称在征求意见时常用于二人称。 Well go at six oclock tonight. Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?一般将来时有几种特殊形式，即形式上属于其他时态，但表一般将来时的实质含义：) am、is、are going to do:表示将来。表示将来。 a.表按计划表按计划、安排安排要发生的事或主观上已决定要发生的事或主观上已决定、打算要做的事打算要做的事The play is going to be produced next mont

13、h.What are you going to do tomorrow?We are going to see a movie tonight.I am going to buy a new car. b. 有迹象表明很可能要发生的事有迹象表明很可能要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.It is going to rain.2) be to do:表将来表将来 a.表约定、计划或按职责、义务要求表约定、计划或按职责、义务要求 即将发生的动作。即将发生的动作。 We are to discuss the repo

14、rt next Saturday. The sports meet is to take place on Saturday. We are to meet at the station at 4 this afternoon.b.表说话人的意图，职责，义务，命令表说话人的意图，职责，义务，命令、禁禁止或可能性，具有止或可能性，具有“必要必要”的强制性意的强制性意义义You are to return the book before Friday.Tell her she is not to be back late.We are to discuss the report next Sund

15、ay.3) be about to do:表立刻发生的动作，表立刻发生的动作， “立即立即”，“马上马上”不久就要不久就要 He is about to leave for Qingdao . be about towhen就要做就要做 。这时。这时I was about to go out when the telephone rang.be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow, next week 等表明确将来时的时状连用。等表明确将来时的时状连用。The film is about to begin. 用于条件句时，用于条件句时，be going to表将来表将来 will表

16、意愿表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.（愿意（愿意 情态动词）情态动词） be to do: 表客观安排或受人指示而做某表客观安排或受人指示而做某事。事。 be going to do:则表示主观的打算或计则表示主观的打算或计划。划。I am to play

17、football tomorrow afternoon. (客客观安排观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观打算主观打算) 4)用于瞬间动词如begin, start ,come, go, leave等的一般现在时或现在进行时表即将发生的动作We start at 6 and arrive at the station at 7.The train is leaving .They are leaving for Tibet.Our manager is giving a report this afternoon.-Your

18、 job_ open for your return.-Thanks. (2006 Beijing )A.will be kept B. will keepC. had kept D. had been keptLets keep to the point or we _any decisions. (2004)A.will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reachedIn such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they_.(2001

19、Shanghai) A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will surviveIve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _my mum. (2001Beijing spring)A. am taking B. have takenC. take D. will have takenLadies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_.(2006 Fujian)A. takes off B. is

20、taking offC. has taken off D. took offLook at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4025_at 18:20. (2006 Sichuan )A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has takenI think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he_ home for dinner.A. come B. c

21、omes C. has come D. will come(全国全国II)14. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasingIV.过去将来时过去将来时表从过去某一时间开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾从中“would/should +do”, “was/were going to do”, “was /were to +do”, “was

22、/were about to+ do”等都是构成形式The students said they would go to visit the Great Wall the next day.He said that he was going to live in the countryside.They were to finish the task on Friday afternoon.He was about to go when his father came back.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_ offic

23、e soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I_, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did-Come on in, Peter, I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you! I_ you _to bring me a gift. A. never think, are going B. never th

24、ought; were going C. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going1). 表此时此刻正在进行的动作表此时此刻正在进行的动作,常与常与now, at the moment, for the time being, for the present等表现在时间的状语连用等表现在时间的状语连用. What are you doing here? We are waiting for the bus. The students are reading books. Are the children playing now?2

25、). 习惯进行：表近段时间主要进行的动习惯进行：表近段时间主要进行的动作。（说话时不一定正在进行）。作。（说话时不一定正在进行）。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.说话时并未说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。在写，只处于写作的状态。 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.They are learning Chinese in Tianjin.-Whats he doing this week?-Hes writing a book.3).进行时与进行时与always,usually,often, constantly

26、 continually等频度词连用，表等频度词连用，表经常或反复经常或反复发发生的动作。往往带有说话人的主观色彩。表生的动作。往往带有说话人的主观色彩。表批评或赞扬批评或赞扬等等。 You are always changing your mind. You are always forgetting the important thing. You are constantly finding fault with me. He is always thinking of others.Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stoppe

27、d ringing. People _to ask how I am going to spend the money. (2005 Hunan) A. phone B. will phone C. were phone D. are phoning（辽宁卷）（辽宁卷）29. Have you got any job offers?（2010)No. I _.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waitingSelecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task becaus

28、e technology_ so rapidly. (2001)A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will changeA new cinema_ here. They hope to finish it next month.(2001BJ spr.)A. will be built B. is builtC. has been built D. is being built1）表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与表）表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与表过去的时状连用过去的时状连用。at that time, at the

29、 moment, this time, yesterday, this morning, the whole morning, when, while.What were you doing at ten oclock last night?We were having a heated discussion this time yesterday.He was watching TV when I came in.They were doing exercises at 7 this morning.2)表过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作或表过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作或持续的状态。持续的状态。

30、(说话时不一定在进行）说话时不一定在进行）They were digging a railway tunnel last week.We were having a discussion from 7 to 9 last night.）也可和频度副词连用，表过去经常发）也可和频度副词连用，表过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，表说话人批评或赞生或反复发生的动作，表说话人批评或赞扬。扬。 always, frequently, often, forever , continually.Premier Zhou was always thinking of others.He was always pl

31、aying tricks on her uncle.-Whats wrong with your coat?-Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _on it.(2005Chongqing )A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.-Where was I ?-You _you didnt like your fathers job.(2004 BJ s

32、pr.)A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been sayingThe reporter said that the UFO _east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveledC. had been traveling D. was to travelShirley _a book about China last year but I didnt know whether she has finished it .A. has written B. wroteC. had wri

33、tten D. was writing Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_.(2005 Liaoning )A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing VII: 将来进行时将来进行时 will / shall be doing表将来某时刻或某一阶段正在进行的表将来某时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或状态。或预测将要发生的动作或状态。或预测将要发生的事事常用时状有常用时状有：soo

34、n, by this time, in two days, tomorrow, on Sunday, this evening, tomorrow eveningMy parents will be waiting for me at the airport tomorrow afternoon.This time on Sunday I shall be flying to Paris.Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the U

35、K this summer.（2010FuJ） -How nice! You a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencing D. will have experienced （安徽卷）（安徽卷）22. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.（2010）A. is playing B. was play

36、ing C. has played D. had played VIII: 现在完成时现在完成时1）过去已完成的某一动作对现在造成的结）过去已完成的某一动作对现在造成的结果、存在的影响，常与果、存在的影响，常与already, yet，just, ever, never等副词连用等副词连用We have just finished the work.The trees have just been planted.He has just come.-Where have you been ?-I have been to the street.He has gone to the librar

37、y.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时：一般过去时： 现在完成时：现在完成时：强调过去的动作对现在产强调过去的动作对现在产 生的结果或影响。生的结果或影响。2)表从表从过去某一时刻过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态开始的动作或状态持续持续到了现在到了现在，并还有可能，并还有可能继续继续下去。下去。常和下列时状连用：常和下列时状连用：during/in the past /last few years, so far, up to now, until, now, for a long time, since ,since then, ever , recently,

38、 these days, for 10 minutes, all day Tom left Beijing for Shanghai and has worked there ever since. I enjoyed Shakespeares works. Up to now I have read three of his plays. It has snowed so far this week.（福建卷）（福建卷）25. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. saw B.

39、see C. had seen D. have seen3)曾经有过的经历不能为以后的行为所曾经有过的经历不能为以后的行为所否定。经常与否定。经常与 ever, never, several times, before连用。连用。I have been to the Great Wall twice.I have never heard of such a person before.4)在时间、条状从句中代替将来完成时。在时间、条状从句中代替将来完成时。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. You shall have a week off

40、when you have finished the work.5)用在某些句型中：用在某些句型中：It/This is the first/second time that +主主+现在现在完成时完成时+其它其它It has been +一段时间一段时间+since+过去式过去式This is the second time that he has been fired.I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002)A. hasnt written B. doesnt writeC.

41、wont write D. hadnt writtenThe country life he was used to_ greatly since 1992. (2005 Shandong)A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is our first time I _here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming-How long _at this job?-Since 1990.(2003 BJ spr

42、.)A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employedHow can you possibly miss the news?It _on TV all day long.A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _before. (2005)A. was having B. have C. have eve

43、r had D. had ever hadWe _our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names.(2006 Shanghai spr.)A. dont meet B. wont meetC. havent met D. hadnt met（全国全国I卷）卷）27. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?（2010）Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined IX:过去完成时过

44、去完成时1）表示在过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的）表示在过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态。状态。 即即“过去的过去过去的过去”。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.By the end of last month, they had finished two thirds of the work. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.2) 在在过去某一时刻过去某一时刻之前开始的动作一直延续到之前开始的动作一直延续到过过去另个时间去另个时间.经常和延续性动词连用，与经常和

45、延续性动词连用，与since, for,until引导的时状连用。引导的时状连用。I was deep in sorrow at his death; We had been good friends since our childhood.He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.3)过去完成时用在某些句型中。过去完成时用在某些句型中。 No soonerthan Hardlywhen Scarcelywhen as soon asWe had no sooner arrived at the station th

46、an the train left.我们刚一到车站，火车就开了我们刚一到车站，火车就开了一一就就当当no sooner或或hardly/scarcely位于位于句首时，主句要采用倒装句首时，主句要采用倒装No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.This/It was the first time that + 过完过完This was the first time that I had heard such things.It was +一段时间一段时间+since+过完过完It was five years si

47、nce I had left middle school.4）某些表意图、打算、想法、愿望）某些表意图、打算、想法、愿望的过去完成时可表示未曾实现的意图和的过去完成时可表示未曾实现的意图和打算。打算。 I had hoped/ expected/ supposed/ meant / thought/wanted/intended/wished/planned/I had hoped to pass the driving test.In fact, I didnt pass it. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. W

48、as it you?(2010Hunan)A.has done B. had done C. would do D. will do John ,a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3000 more than he _for the wedding. (2006)A. will plan B. has plannedC. would plan D. had plannedThe news came as no surprise to me. I_ for some time that the factory was

49、 going to shut down. (2003 BJ)A. had known B. knewC. have known D. knowWhen Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set offC. had left D. had been away -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story.A. was reading B. had read

50、C. am reading D. have read（辽宁卷）（辽宁卷）23. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knew B. have knownC. had known D. know X： 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have / has been doing1）表从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直）表从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直 持续到现在，并且可能还将持续下去。持续到现在，并且可能还将持续下去。2）表示从过去某一时刻到现在，某个动）表示从

51、过去某一时刻到现在，某个动作一直都在进行。作一直都在进行。We have been learning English for more than five years.（江苏卷）（江苏卷）33. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months.（2010）A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparingnownowWhere have you been living t

52、hese years?-Weve spent too much money recently. -Well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time. (10Anhui)A.are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been comingnow过过过过过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去过去 when, by , beforenowThe Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.1.No

53、w that she is out of job, Lucy _going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to consider XI: 将来完成时将来完成时 will / shall have done表示将来某个时刻之前完成的动作。表示将来某个时刻之前完成的动作。句中常有句中常有by引导的时间状语引导的时间状语You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomo

54、rrow.高考链接n1.（09安徽）23. Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.nA. are enjoying B. are to enjoynC. will enjoy D. will be enjoyingn【答案】.本题关键点最后四个单词”this time next week”是将来进行时的标志.返回目录1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorr

55、y I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make高考链接n2.（09北京）23. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being.nA. came B. was comingnC. had come D. would comen【答案】n【解析】考查时态的用法。宇宙是如何形成的，因为宇宙的形成这个动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时

56、来表示已经发生的动作。返回目录高考链接n3.（09北京）27. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.nA. treated B. were treatednC. would treat D. would be treatedn【答案】.n【解析】考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。返回目录高考链接n4.（09北京）30. When I talked with my grandma on the

57、phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voice had been full of life. nA. were hanging B. had hung nC. hung D. would hang n【答案】. n【解析】考查时态。By the time 后的从句中多用一般现在时和一般过去时。根据该题的语境可以断定答案为:. 返回目录高考链接n6. (09全国卷1)26. His sister left home in 1998, and _since. nA. had not been heard of B. has n

58、ot been heard of nC. had not heard of D. has not heard of n【答案】 n【解析】C、D是主动语态，hear of表示“听说”，后面应该有宾语。前句意思是“他妹妹1998年离开的家”，说明1998年前有音信，由此可判断下句意思是“她妹妹从1998年到现在以来才没有音信的（被听说过）”，因此是现在完成时态。 返回目录高考链接n7. (09山东卷)25. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. nA.

59、is B. are C. has been D. have been n【答案】 n【解析】句意：到中国上大学的外国学生的数量自从1990年以来逐年增加。本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1990所以用完成时态。n【考点定位】主谓一致一定要找准主语，动词时态要找到准确的时间状语。返回目录2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city_ so rapidly all these years.A. is changi

60、ng B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (Hunan) A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold Up to now, the program _ thousands of children