公开课：主谓一致201505

1、专题十二主谓一致专题十二主谓一致真题体验真题体验( )1. Plenty of students _ games on the playground at the moment. (2012衢州衢州) A. is playing B. are playing C. played D. were playingB真题体验真题体验( )2. Between the two hills_a deep river. (2012烟台烟台) A. are B. have C. has D. isD考点解读考点解读语法解释语法解释：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。语

2、在人称和数上保持一致。关键关键：找出句子的真正主语。：找出句子的真正主语。遵循三个原则遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则。就近原则。句式结构分析1. Plenty of students are playing games on theplayground at the moment.2. Between the two hills is a deep river . 主语主语谓语谓语主语主语谓语谓语考向聚焦考向聚焦一语法一致原则一语法一致原则 1. 单数名词单数名词(代词代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词语动词用单数；复

3、数名词(代词代词)作主语时，谓语动作主语时，谓语动词用复数。词用复数。 如：如： Some bread is on the table. The boys are playing football. 2. 当当and或或both.and.连接两个或三个名词连接两个或三个名词(代代词词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：如：A pen and a pencil are useful school things. 考向聚焦考向聚焦 3. 单数主语即使后面带有由单数主语即使后面带有由with, together with, like, but, except, besides

4、, as well as等等短语，谓语动词仍用单数。短语，谓语动词仍用单数。 如：如：Mrs. Hu with a book in her hand comes into the classroom. 4. 不定代词不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither 和由和由some, any, no, everyone或或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。数形式。 如：如：Everything is ready. 考向聚焦考向聚焦 5. every., every.and every., ea

5、ch., each.and each.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：如：Each boy and each girl has an apple in their hands. 6. one, every one, each, each one, anyone, neither, eitherof复数名词作主语时，谓语动复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。 如：如：Every one of the students is listening to the teacher carefully. 考向聚焦考向聚焦7. none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。作

6、主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。 如：如：None of us are(is) perfect. 人无完人。人无完人。 8. 复数形式的名词复数形式的名词(clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors)作主语时，谓语动作主语时，谓语动词用复数。词用复数。 如：如：My keys are on the floor. 9. a pair(a set, a kind.)of复数名词作主语时复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。，谓语动词用单数。 如：如：A set of keys is lying on the fl

7、oor. 考向聚焦考向聚焦10. “the形容词形容词(分词分词)” 指一类人，如：指一类人，如：the rich，the young作主语时，谓语动词用复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：如：The sick have been taken good care of. 11. 不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：如：To study hard is my job. 12. half of, the rest of, most of, all of及及“百分数百分数或分数或分数of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词

8、的单复数取决于复数取决于of后的名词。后的名词。 如：如：Most of the apples were bad. Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 考向聚焦考向聚焦【例例1】We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a week. (2012绵阳绵阳) A. has cleaned B. have cleaned C. cleans D. clean 解析解析：“eacheach每一个每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数；强调个体，故用第三人称单数； 由由“one day a w

9、eekone day a week一周一天一周一天”表频度，须用一般现在表频度，须用一般现在 时。时。C考向聚焦考向聚焦二意义一致原则二意义一致原则 1. 集体集体/合名词合名词(family, class等等)作主语时，谓语作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。动词要根据主语的意思来决定。 如：如：Our class wins the basketball match. Our class are talking about the trip. 2. 集体名词集体名词(people, police等等)作主语时谓语动作主语时谓语动词用复数；但词用复数；但clothing, traffic

10、, furniture等无生命的等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：如：The people in the park are talking loudly. 考向聚焦考向聚焦 3. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 如：如：Ten miles is a good distance. 4. 形式为复数而意义为单数的名词形式为复数而意义为单数的名词(news，physics

11、, maths，the United States 等等)作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。用单数。 如：如：The news makes us excited. 考向聚焦考向聚焦【例例2】How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough. (2010安徽安徽) A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are 解析解析：the pair of shoesthe pair of shoes的中心词是的中心词是pairpair，则谓，则谓 语动词用单数；把语动词用单数；把twenty dol

12、larstwenty dollars看成整体，则谓看成整体，则谓 语动词也用单数。语动词也用单数。A考向聚焦考向聚焦三就近原则三就近原则 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最邻近它的名词、代词等词的数。邻近它的名词、代词等词的数。 1. there, here 引导的句子。引导的句子。 如：如：There is a book and two pens on the table. There are two pens and a book on the table. 2. or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.b

13、ut also.连接两个名词或代词作主语时。连接两个名词或代词作主语时。 如：如：Either Lily or Lucy comes to the party. 考向聚焦考向聚焦【例例3】_ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.(2011乌鲁木齐乌鲁木齐) A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 解析解析：根据主谓一致原则可排除：根据主谓一致原则可排除A A项；由下文项；由下文“他们中他们中 的一个必须呆在家

14、里的一个必须呆在家里”，可知，可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你或者露西或者莉莉与你 一起去一起去”。D考向聚焦考向聚焦四易错易混词汇四易错易混词汇 1. 并列连词并列连词and连接并列主语。连接并列主语。 (1)and连接两个或多个单数名词连接两个或多个单数名词(代词代词)或不可数名词或不可数名词并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数。并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：如：My friend and I are going to the cinema this weekend. (2)and 连接两个名词的并列主语，表示同一个概连接两个名词的并列主语，表示同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。念时，谓语动词

15、用单数。考向聚焦考向聚焦 (3)and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当当bread and butter，knife and fork等作主语时，谓语等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。 如：如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. 考向聚焦考向聚焦 2. each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。 比较：比较：Each of us has a dictionary. We each have a dictionary. 3. “the numbe

16、r of名词名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单作主语时，谓语动词用单数。数。“a (large) number of名词名词”作主语时，谓语动作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：词用复数。如：The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. A number of wild animals are in danger. 4. 以副词以副词here, there等开头的倒装句。等开头的倒装句。 如：如：Here/There comes the bus. 5. population 作为整体时，其谓语动词为单数；主作为整体时，其谓语动词为单

17、数；主语指语指“人口中的一部分人口中的一部分”时，其谓语动词为复数时，其谓语动词为复数。 The population of the world is increasing faster and faster. About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.考向聚焦考向聚焦【例例4】The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller. (2009河南河南) A. become B. became C. is bec

18、oming D. have become 解析解析：从句中：从句中“the number of.”the number of.”作主语，谓语动词作主语，谓语动词 用单数形式，故排除用单数形式，故排除A A和和D D项；本句指的是现在的情况。项；本句指的是现在的情况。C领悟语法领悟语法. 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空1. When I got there, they each _ (read) a book.2. Neither of us _ (like) the storybook.3.This pair of trousers _(make) by my a

19、unt last year.4. A football team often _ (have) eleven players.5. No one but my parents _ (know) the truth.were readinglikeswas madehasknows领悟语法领悟语法. 单项选择单项选择( )1. Tell us something about Canada, OK? Im sorry. _ Jack _ I have ever been there. (2012日照日照) A. Either; or B. Not only; but also C. Both; a

20、nd D. Neither; nor解析解析：考查不定代词。由：考查不定代词。由“sorrysorry抱歉抱歉”可知须用否定句可知须用否定句式来回答。故式来回答。故“neither. nor.neither. nor.既不既不也不也不”符合题意。符合题意。D领悟语法领悟语法( )2. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ fond of the TV program A Bite of China. I am also deeply moved by its stories！ (2012广东广东) A. is B. am C. was D. are解析解析：考查主谓一致。由

21、：考查主谓一致。由“both. and.两者都两者都”作主语作主语可知谓语动词须用复数形式。故选可知谓语动词须用复数形式。故选D。D领悟语法领悟语法( )3. Which would you prefer, orange juice or coffee? Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _ milk. (2012黄石黄石) A. are; with B. is; with C. are; to D. is; to解析解析：考查主谓一致和固定用法。：考查主谓一致和固定用法。eithereither表示任何一个，表示任何一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。后面一句的意

22、思为作主语时，谓语动词用单数。后面一句的意思为“我更我更喜欢带有牛奶的咖啡喜欢带有牛奶的咖啡”， coffee with milkcoffee with milk意为意为“加牛加牛奶的咖啡奶的咖啡”。故选。故选A A。B领悟语法领悟语法( )4. Some funny cartoon pictures _ on the wall of my bedroom. (2012来宾来宾) A. is B. are C. am D. be解析解析：考查主谓一致。由：考查主谓一致。由“名词复数名词复数pictures”pictures”可知可知B B项项符合题意。符合题意。B领悟语法领悟语法( )5. T

23、here _more cars now in our country. (2011广西广西) A. have B. are C. is D. has解析解析：考查：考查there bethere be句式。句中的主语是句式。句中的主语是more carsmore cars，可，可数名词的复数形式。故选数名词的复数形式。故选B B。B领悟语法领悟语法( )6. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? Yes, I think so. (2011德阳德阳) A. is B. are C. has解析解析：考查主谓一致。根据句意：考查主谓一致。根据句意“物理比中文难学多了，物理比中文难学多了，你也这样认为吗？你也这样认为吗？”可知可知PhysicsPhysics在此作为一门学科，应在此作为一门学科，应用单数形式用单数形式isis。故选。故选A A。A领悟语法领悟语法( )7. The number of books in the bookshop is about 10，000 and a number of them _ about science. (2011绵阳绵阳) A. is B.