室内空气污染与防治

1、 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 室内空气污染与防治室内空气污染与防治 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy

2、& Environmental Engineering. DICP 室内空气污染概述室内空气污染概述 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmenta

3、l Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP N 人类社会已进入以人类社会已进入以“室内空气污染室内空气污染”为特为特 点的点的污染时期污染时期 室内空气污染比室外高室内空气污染比室外高25-62个百分点，许多地方室内比室外高个百分点，许多地方室内比室外高2-5倍。天津卫生局调查显示，室内空气质量合格率为倍。天津卫生局调查显示，室内空气质量合格率为34.7%。新车。新车甲醛超标严重，可达甲醛超标严重，可达10倍以上。北京劳动局对倍以上。北京劳动局对106辆车辆车,甲醛甲醛,苯系苯系物检测物检测,

4、超标的占超标的占72%。对北京上海等。对北京上海等7省市省市87家生产企业的木制家家生产企业的木制家具进行检验具进行检验,合格率为合格率为64.4%.我国每年因氡致费癌死亡人数约我国每年因氡致费癌死亡人数约5万以万以上上.一、室内环境污染现状一、室内环境污染现状 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for E

5、nergy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineeri

6、ng. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP N世界卫生组织公布：室内环境污染与高血压、胆固醇过高

7、世界卫生组织公布：室内环境污染与高血压、胆固醇过高症、肥胖症等共同列为人类健康的症、肥胖症等共同列为人类健康的致病建筑综合症致病建筑综合症(SBS)“、“建筑物关联病建筑物关联病(BRI)”、“装修装饰过敏症装修装饰过敏症”等跟装修装饰密切相关的人体不适应等跟装修装饰密切相关的人体不适应症状大量出现，严重威胁和危害人体健康。全球每年因此症状大量出现，严重威胁和危害人体健康。全球每年因此而导致死亡的人数达而导致死亡的人数达280万人万人 1/3呼吸道疾病、呼吸道疾病、1/5的慢性肺病、的慢性肺病、15%的气管和的气管和支气管炎支气管炎 据据统计统计,每年因呼吸道感染而就医的每年因呼吸道感染而就医

8、的人数达人数达7500万人次万人次,损失损失1.5亿个工作日亿个工作日,医疗费用医疗费用150亿美圆亿美圆,缺勤损失高达缺勤损失高达590亿美元亿美元. Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Ene

9、rgy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering

10、. DICP 二、室内污染源和污染物二、室内污染源和污染物（一）室内空气污染来源分为：（一）室内空气污染来源分为： 室内室内:消费品和化学品消费品和化学品 建筑材料和个人活动建筑材料和个人活动 室外室外:室外空气污染室外空气污染,人为带入的污染物人为带入的污染物 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP （二）污染物的分类：（二）污染物的分类： 第一大类第一大类-化学污染：化学污染： 第二大类第二大类-物理污染：物理污染： 第

11、三大类第三大类-生物污染：生物污染：室内空气质量标准室内空气质量标准 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 诱发肺癌诱发肺癌 S甲醛、苯、氨、氡甲醛、苯、氨、氡S可吸入颗粒物（可吸入颗粒物（PM2.5）S一氧化碳、

12、二氧化碳一氧化碳、二氧化碳 二氧化硫二氧化硫嗜睡、头痛嗜睡、头痛抽筋和昏迷抽筋和昏迷 呼吸和循环衰呼吸和循环衰竭，心室颤动竭，心室颤动 1.化学污染种类化学污染种类 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 室内空气质量标准室内空气质量标准 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engine

13、ering. DICP PM2.5环境空气质量标准 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for E

14、nergy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineeri

15、ng. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Envir

16、onmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 2.物理污染物理

17、污染F 种类：噪声、振动、辐射种类：噪声、振动、辐射F 危害：危害： 心血管系统、神经系统、视心血管系统、神经系统、视觉系统、生殖系统觉系统、生殖系统 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 3.生物污染生物污染F

18、种类：细菌、真菌、病毒、花粉种类：细菌、真菌、病毒、花粉F 危害：传染病、过敏危害：传染病、过敏 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 三、室内空气污染的特点三、室内空气污染的特点 Lab for Energy &

19、amp; Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 普遍性普遍性:我国每年有逾我国每年有逾8亿平方米的建筑亿平方米的建筑,需要需要大量装修材料大量装修材料.03年上海对年上海对6类类114种装潢种装潢商品进行检查商品进行检查,合格率只有合格率只有58.8%.02年年对对30户家庭进行抽查户家庭进行抽查,甲醛、苯、挥发性有甲醛、苯、挥发性有机物超标率达机物超标率达92%。04年抽查年抽查10户家庭，户家庭，无一合格。无一合格。 Lab for Energy &

20、Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 持久性持久性:装修装修1年后年后,甲醛超标甲醛超标15倍二甲苯倍二甲苯8倍倍,甲苯甲苯5倍、有些污染物释放时间长达倍、有些污染物释放时间长达5-8年，年，甲醛可达甲醛可达15年。有些建筑完工后年。有些建筑完工后6个月，个月，空气中有害物质含量比室外高空气中有害物质含量比室外高10-200倍。倍。 Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP Lab for Energy & Environmental Engineering. DICP 复杂性复杂性：污染物种类多，挥发性有机物多达：污染物种类多，挥发性有机物多达300-500种，多中金属。来源广泛。种，多中金属。来源广泛。严重性：严重性：对多系统都有危害作用，空气中检对多系统都有危害作用，空气中检测出的测出的500多中挥发性有机物，其中多中挥发性有机