语法复习特殊句式(主谓一致)

1、一、语法一致1 .不可数名词、不定式（短语） 、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火很危险。To see is to believe.眼见为实。Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided 他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。When and where to build the factory is not decided yet. 何时何地建厂还未定下来。2 .由 and 连接两个单

2、数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如：Tom and Mary have been married for ten years. 汤姆和玛丽结婚10 年了。The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。注意事项：（ 1）当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词） 。The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。There is a knife and fork on the table. 桌上有一副刀叉。He

3、re is a needle and thread for you. 这是给你的针线。Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不待人。（ 2） and 所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a 等修饰时， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如：Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。No teacher and no student was absent from the meeti

4、ng. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。Each teacher and（each）student was given a book.每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。（ 3）在某些谚语中，由and 连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。Early to bed and early to rise makes a

5、man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but,besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时， 谓 语动词与前面的主语一致。 如：The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。The girls

6、 as well as the teacher are dancing. 女生和那位老师在跳舞。Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret. 除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither 等作主语时，谓语用单数。如：Somebody is asking for

7、 you. 有人在找你。Everyone is here. 大家都来了。There is something wrong with my bike. 没有的自行车有点毛病。注意事项：( 1) each 本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each 作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数。如：Each of them has a dictionary. 他们每人有本词典。They each have a dictionary. 他们每人有本词典。( 2) 当 none of 后面接的是可数名词时， 谓语动词用单复数都可以； 如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。如：None of us are (is)

8、 perfect. 人无完人。None of the money was paid to me. 连一分钱也没有付给我。( 3) all 作主语，指人时，谓语用复数；指物时，谓语用单数。如：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。5 . “many a (an) +名词 ” 和“more than one +名词 ”做主语，谓语用单数。Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。More than one person

9、was involved in the case. 不止一人卷入这个案子。6 .在四则运算中谓语单复数均可(常用单数)。Three and four is (are) seven. 3 加 4 等于 7.Two times ten is (are) twenty.2 乘 10 等于 20.7 .当 kind of, type o f, sort of, pair of 等做主语时， 谓语与 of 前的 kind, pair, type 等保持一致。如：This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。The kind of the

10、apple tastes delicious. 这种苹果很好吃。Some kinds of bamboo grow very fast. 有些种类的竹子生长的非常快。注意事项： “名词 +of this kind ”结构作主语，谓语与其中的名词保持一致。如：Apples of this kind are highly priced. 这种苹果定价很高。Men of this kind are dangerous. 这种人很危险。8 .由“ some of， plenty of ， a lot of ， lots of ， most of ， the rest of ， all of ， hal

11、f of ， part of或分数、百分数+of+ 名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与 of 后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of 后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of 后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：The rest of the lecture is dull 讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。The rest of the bicycles are on sale today 剩余的自行车今天出售。Half of the apple is rotten 这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。Half of the apples are rotten 这些苹果有一半腐烂

12、变质了。注意事项：（ 1）当“a number ofa variety of varieties of+ 可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“ the number of（ 表数目）和 the variety of（ 表种类）等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of new houses have been built there 在那儿已建起许多新房子。There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop 那个商店出售各种各样的商品。The number of the people who know the s

13、ecret is very limited 知道这个秘密的人数很有 限。The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising 那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。（ 2） “ a large amount of+ 不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“ a large quantity of+ 不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“ a large quantity of+ 复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。“ large quantities of+ 不可数名词复数名词”作主语，谓语用复

14、数。“a good/great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。如：A large amount of clean water is wasted every day 每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market 大量的资金投在当地的市场 上。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year 这个城市每年要消费大量的啤 酒。A large quantity of money was spent on th

15、e bridge 很多钱花在建这座桥上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building 建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材 料。A good deal of work has to be done today 今天有大量的工作要做。9. 在“ one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句谓语单复形式根据先行词来判断：若是 one of 结构， 定语从句谓语用复数； 若是 the only one of 结构， 定语从句谓语用单数。 如：Mary is one of the girls who like hiking.Mary is

16、 the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.10. "one and a half +复数名词"或"a / one +单数名词+ and a half"作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：One and a half months has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：One and a half months have passed. 已经过去了一个半

17、月。A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。11. “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。【练习一】1 .( 09 陕西) Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, (be) going to visitBeijing this summer.2 .( 2012 湖南) All the scientific evidence

18、(show) that increasing use of chemicals infarming (be) damaging our health.3(. 11 安徽卷) The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which (be)saved for other purposes.4 .( 11 湖南卷 ) One third of the country (be) covered with trees and the majority ofthe citizens(be) black people.5 .(

19、 10 全国) Barbara is easy to recognize as she s the only one of the women who (wear) evening dress.6 .( 10 湖南) Listening to loud music at rock concerts (have) caused hearing loss insome teenagers.7 .( 10 四川) Such poets as Shakespeare (be) widely read, of whose works, however,some (be) difficult to und

20、erstand.8 .( 09 山东) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (be)rising steadily since1990.9 .( 08 陕西) Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (be) invited.10(. 06 江苏)A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature andpaintin

21、g tomorrow afternoon.11(. 05 山东) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth (wash)away each year.12.( 07 江西) Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where yet.A. hasn t been decidedB. haven t decided C. isn t being decidedD. aren t decided二、意

22、义上一致1 .表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时，尽管其形式是复数， 但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体， 因此根据意义一致的原则， 谓语动词多用 单数形式。如：Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt 25 美元买那件衬衣太贵了。Fifty minutes isn t enough to finish this test 50 分钟完成这个测试是不够的。Ten miles seems like a long walk to me 对我来说， 10 英里步行似乎很远。当然，在许多情况下，也可根据语法一

23、致的原则，把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体，使用复数动词。如：Ten years have passed before I realized it.不知不觉 10 年过去了。2 .当“the+形容词(过去分词)”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。The poor live a hard life. 穷人的日子不好过。The sick and wounded were sent home. 病人和伤员被送回家。The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。The wounded is our headmaster.那个伤员是我们的校长。3 .当

24、maths（mathematics）, politics, physics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Politics is his favorite subject. 政治学是他最喜欢的学科。Maths is a subject that is difficult to learn. 数学是一门很难学的课程。4 .书名、报刊名以及某些以 -s 结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Roots was a novel about a slave family. 根是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories

25、. 一千零一夜充满了有趣的故事。The United States is a developed country.美国是个发达国家。5 .当集合名词audience, family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public,couple 等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果强调其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。My family is a big one. 我们家是个大家庭。My family are all music lovers. 我们家全是音乐爱好者。The football team is the best

26、one in this area. 这只球队是这个地区最好的一支球队。The football team are having a bath. 球员们正在洗澡。但有些集合名词， 如 police, cattle, people 等没有单数形式， 作主语时， 谓语只能用复数。 如：The people hope to live a happy life 人民希望过上好日子。The police have caught the criminal 警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为食。6 .有的名词是单数、复数相同，如 sheep, deer, aircraf

27、t, means, fish, works, species, 等， 作主语时，如表示复数意义，动词用复数；如表示单数意义，动词用单数。例如：Every possible means has been tried. 每种方法都尝试过了。All possible means have been tried. 所有方法都尝试了。The crossroads is/ are dangerous这个（些）十字路口很危险。There are two iron and steel works in our province. 我省有两家钢铁厂。A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。Som

28、e sheep are over there那边有些羊。7 .由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词， 如 trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses, jeans, pants, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如：His black trousers are too long. 他的黑裤子太长。Your glasses are on your nose.你 的眼镜在你鼻梁上。注：如果在这类名词前用了量词pair,piece 等时，其谓语动词应与pair,piece 等的单复数相一致。如：A pair of glasses costs quite a l

29、ot now. 现在一副眼镜值很多钱。There are two pairs of gloves on the desk. 桌上有两副手套。8 .有些以-ch,-sh,-ese结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与定冠词the连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。如：The English are said to be conservative. 据说英国人是保守的。The Chinese are kind and friendly. 中国人民友好善良。9 .当姓氏复数前加定冠词表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数。如：The Smiths were also invited. 斯密斯夫妇也受到邀请

30、。【练习二】【真题再现】1 .( 07 江西) A survey of the opinions of experts (show) that three hours of outdoorexercise a week (be) good for one s health.2 .( 00 上海春) Every possible means (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky isstill not clear.三、就近一致1 .由or, eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut (also)连接两个或多个并

31、歹U主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are to blame 或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。Not only the students but also their teacher doesn t know about it 不仅学生们不知道这件 事，他们的老师也不知道。Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。2

32、 .在there be结构中和here开头的句子，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的那个主语相一致。如：There is a book ， two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk 桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。There are four chairs and a table in the room 房间里摆有4 把椅子和一张桌子。【练习三】1 .( 09 湖南) Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is duetomorrow.

33、2 . Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another.(89)【巩固练习】1 .Nobody but Jane (know) the secret. (86)2 .All but one (be) here just now. (87)3 .A library with five thousand books (offer) to the nation as a gift. (90)4 .When and where to build the new factory (n

34、ot; decide) yet. (91)5 .Either you or the headmaster(be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted students atthe meeting(1994 上海 )6 .The number of people invited (be) fifty, but a number of them (be) absent fordifferent reasons. (96)7 .E-mail, as well as telephones,(play) an important role in our dail

35、y life(1999 上海 )8 .( 2000 全国春) All the preparations for the task (complete), and we are ready tostart.9 .( 2000 NMET ) Two fi fths of the land in that district (be) covered with trees andgrass.10(. 2000上海春)I told him what I was surprised at (be) his attitude towards his study.11 .( 2001 上海) As a res

36、ult of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert (have)covered the land.12 .( 02 上海春) He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarshipfor three years.13(. 04 福建)She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book (reach) 50million.14 .( 04 上海春) No one in the de

37、partment but Tom and I (know) that the director isgoing to resign.15 .( 04 广东) All the employees except the manager (encourage) to work online athome.16 .( 04 北京) The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, (be) visiting amuseum when the earthquake struck.17 .( 05 辽宁) Nowadays, a large number

38、 of women, especially those from the countryside, (work) in the clothing industry.18 (. 05 上海) Professor Smith, along with his assistants, (work) on the project day andnight to meet the deadline.19 .( 05 山东) The country life he was used to (change) greatly since 1992.20 .( 06 浙江) The company had abo

39、ut 20 notebook computers but only one-third (be)used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.21 .( 06 安徽) Most of what has been said about the Smiths (be) also true of theJohnsons.22 .( 06 辽宁) The father as well as his three children (go) skating on the frozen riverevery Sunday afternoon in winter.23 .( 07 湖南) We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks (be) so small that a day is unimportant.24