高一英语 必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes 最新讲义

1、教 案题目（教学章节或主题）：必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes授课日期：授课时间：教学重点、难点：重要性：典型例题： 总结：本次教学评价：非常满意 较满意 一般 家长或学生签字 共 小时本节课回访记录：任课老师签字： 主任签字： 日期：讲 义教学内容：必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes.重点词汇1_ n. & v爆裂；爆发2_ v破坏；毁坏；消灭3_ v(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊4_ n. & v援救；营救5_ v埋葬；掩埋；隐藏6_ n裁判员；法官 v断定；判断；判决7_ adj.发臭的；有臭味的_v闻到；嗅到8_ n民族；国家；国民_adj.国家

2、的9_ n苦难；痛苦_v遭受痛苦10_ adj.极度的_adv.极其地11_ v损害；伤害_n受伤；伤害12_ n幸存者；残存物_v幸存；生还13_ adj.无用的；无效的_adj.有用的14_ n电；电流；电学_adj.电的；用电的15_ n灾难；灾祸_adj. 灾难性的16_ n记者_v报道17_ v使惊吓；吓唬_adj.受惊吓的18_ n祝贺；贺词_v祝贺19_ adv.真诚地；真挚地_adj.真诚的20_ v表示；表达_n表达；表情答案1burst2.destroy3.shock4.rescue5.bury6judge7.smelly; smell8.nation；national9s

3、uffering; suffer10.extreme; extremely11injure; injury12.survivor; survive13useless; useful14.electricity; electric15disaster; disastrous16.reporter; report17frighten; frightened18.congratulation; congratulate19sincerely; sincere20.express; expression.短语回顾1right _ 立刻；马上2think little _评价很低；不重视3_ an en

4、d 终结；结束4cut _ 横穿；横跨5_ ruins 严重受损；破败不堪6_ gone 不见；不复存在7_ of thousands of 成千上万8be _ in 陷入9soon _ 在之后不久10dig _ 挖掘出；发现答案1away2.of3.at4.across5.in6.be7tens8.trapped9.after10.out.句式填空1too. to. 太而不能In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were _(太紧张而不敢吃东西)2as if 引导方式状语从句_(仿佛) the world was at an end

5、!3leave 宾语复合结构Thousands of families were killed and many children _ (成了孤儿)4部分否定_(不是所有的希望都破灭了)5定语从句及“the adj.”表示集合概念The army organized teams to dig out those _(被困的)and to bury _(死者) 答案1too nervous to eat 2It seemed as if 3were left without parents4All hope was not lost 5who were trapped; the dead 考点单

6、词 1 burst vi.爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发burst out doing sth. burst into n突然起来burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入 burst out 突然迸发；爆发burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支【例】The pipe is easy to burst in cold winter. 在寒冷的冬季管道很容易爆裂。【例】The police burst in and arrested the drug dealer. 警察突然闯进来，逮捕了这名毒犯。即境活用1 (2012·辽宁康杰中学月考)H

7、is sudden_of violent anger put an unpleasant end to the meeting.Abreak Bburst Cattack Dexpress解析burst 爆发。break 休息；attack 攻击；express 快车。 答案B2.ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt. (使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产(1) lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 bring. to ruin 使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2) ruin oneself 毁掉自己，自取灭亡 ruin

8、 one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途【例】The old farm has long been abandoned and come to ruin. 这家农场很早就已废弃了，成了废墟。【例】The bad weather had ruined all my pleasure for the holiday. 糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。 即境活用2 (2012·沈阳二中月考)We had intended to visit our relatives in Sichuan, but the earthquake happenin

9、g there _ our plan.Adamaged Bdisturbed Cinterrupted Druined解析ruin 在一定过程中逐渐对某物体进行破坏，使其毁灭，通常用于抽象意义。 答案D3injure vt. 损害；伤害；使受伤【例】Luckily he was only slightly injured in the earthquake. 幸运的是，他只是在地震中受了点轻伤。【思维拓展】(1) injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 受伤的人(集合概念)(2) injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury

10、to sb. 伤害某人【易混辨析】injure 特指意外事故中造成的伤害。hurt 作及物动词时，表示“受伤”；既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、情感上的伤害；作不及物动词时，表示“(身体某个部分)疼痛”。wound通常指由武器造成的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指在战场上造成的伤害。harm 用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。即境活用3 (2012·沈阳二中月考)Five passengers were _ in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to

11、 the nearest hospital.Ainjured Bdamaged Cdestroyed Druined解析injure 在意外事故中受伤。句意：五位乘客在交通事故中受伤并被送往最近的医院。答案A4 bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏bury. in. 把埋到/插到里bury. alive 将活埋 bury oneself in/be buried in 埋头于，专注于【思维拓展】表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个：be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on 等。【例】

12、He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。【例】The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying her head in the book in her hands. 女孩坐在公园的长凳上，埋头读着手里的那本书。即境活用4 (2012·沈阳二中月考)_ in the rumor about private life, the actress had no choice but to commit suicide. AAddicted BB

13、uried CAbsorbed DDevoted解析buried in sth. 埋头于；专注于，在句中作状语。addicted 和 devoted 后跟介词 to；absorbed in 聚精会神做。 答案B5 judge n法官；裁判 v审判；评判；判断act as a judge 担任裁判 judge a case 审判案子judge a speech contest 担任演讲比赛的评委 judge sb. by. 根据判断某人judging from/by. 根据判断(作状语)【例】Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.

14、 从他所说的判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。即境活用5 Anyway, the crowd around me were obviously enjoying their day out at the races, _ by their happy faces and the sense of excitement.Aobserving Bjudging Cconsidering Dinferring解析judging by 通过判断，在句中通常作状语。 答案B6 honour n. & v. 荣誉；赞誉be honoured for 因受到尊敬 be honoured as 被尊为fee

15、l honoured to do 因做而感到荣耀 be honoured with 给以荣誉do sb. an honour 使某人有特殊的荣幸 have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做save one's honour 保全名誉 in honour of 向表示敬意It's an honour to do. 很荣幸做【例】It's a great honour to receive that prize. 能得到那个奖是无上的荣耀。【例】She is an honour to our school. 她是我校的光荣。【易错提示】honour

16、用作名词，在表示“荣誉”的意思时为不可数名词，在表示“令人感到荣幸的事或人”时，为可数名词。即境活用6 The street was named after a great man _ his great contributions to the city. Ain honour of Binstead of Cin case of Din need of解析in honour of 为了纪念。 instead of 而不是； in case of 以防万一； in need of 需要。答案A7 prepare vt.准备 prepare sth. 准备某事(物) prepare sth.

17、for. 为准备某事(物)prepare for. 为做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事prepare sb./oneself for./to do sth. 使某人/自己做好的准备be/get (well) prepared for sth./to do sth.为做好了准备；愿意做某事in preparation for 为准备 make preparations for 为做好准备【例】The Foreign Minister was not prepared for such questions. 外交部长对这样的问题没有思想准备。【例】The advertisi

18、ng campaign is still in preparation. 广告宣传攻势仍在准备中。即境活用7Are you _ the exam?No, I need a few more hours. I still can't remember all the new words.Apreparing for Bpreparing Cprepared for Dprepared解析prepare for 为作准备； be prepared for 为做好准备的。 答案C8 shock vt. & vi. (使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊be shocked at. 对感

19、到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊be shocked that. 对很震惊【例1】It shocks us when something like that happens. 发生这样的事使我们感到难以置信。【例2】The news of his death came as a shock to us all. 他的死讯传来，大家都感到震惊。【例2】We were all shocked at the news of his guilty. 听到他的罪行，我们深感震惊。【易错提示】 shock 意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。即境活

20、用8 You could easily recognize that he didn't expect your coming here from the _ expression on his face. Ashocking Bcurious Cshocked Dangry解析修饰人的表情用shocked, 表示“震惊的”。 答案C9 rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救come/go to one's rescue 援救某人 rescue sb. from. 将某人从中解救出来【例1】We had given up hope of rescue. 我们那时已经

21、放弃了获救的希望。【例2】They were eventually rescued by helicopter. 他们最后被直升机救走了。即境活用9 They managed to _ the sailors from the sinking ship. Arescue Bprevent Cprotect Dkeep解析rescue sb. from. 将某人从中解救出来。 答案A10trap vt. 储存；设陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境 n陷阱，圈套；诡计；埋伏be trapped in. 被困在 be caught in a trap 陷入困境set/lay a trap for 设下圈套 tra

22、p sb. into (doing) sth. 用计捕捉某人或使某人上当【例1】He was caught in a trap of poverty. 他陷入了贫困的窘境。【例2】We set traps in the attic for the mice. 我们在阁楼里设下了老鼠夹子。即境活用10 The policeman _ the thief into a place where he could not escape and caught him. Aled Bbrought Ccaught Dtrapped解析trap 使陷入困境。 答案D考点短语 1as if 仿佛；好像【例】T

23、he old man treats Tom as if he were his own son. 老人对待汤姆就像待他亲生儿子一样。【易错提示】as if ( as though)引导的从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气。即当从句表示与现在事实相反的动作时，从句用一般过去时态；当表示与过去事实相反的动作时，用过去完成时态。【例1】He walks as if he were drunk. 他走起路来好像醉了。【例2】It looks as if it were going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。即境活用11 He looks _ he is angry. Aas if Beven if

24、Ceven though Dif解析as if 好像。even if 即使； even though 即使； if 如果。 答案A2dig out 挖掘出；发现；查明；取出(不易找到的东西)The soldier dug out the people trapped in ruins.战士们挖出被困在废墟中的人。【思维拓展】dig down 挖下去；掏腰包 dig in 掘土以掺进(肥料等)；专心干起来；贪婪地吃dig into.掘到里面；钻研 dig oneself in挖壕固守；使自己站住脚dig up掘出；挖出；(经调查)发现；开垦(荒地)即境活用12I _ an old photo f

25、rom the drawer yesterday, which reminded me of the days we spent together on the farm. Adug out Bdug into Cdug in Ddug down解析dig out 发现。句意：我昨天从抽屉里发现了一张旧照片，这张照片使我想起了我们在农场一起度过的日子。 答案A3a (great) number of 许多；大量的(后跟可数名词的复数)【例】The theme park attracts a great number of visitors. 主题公园吸引了许多游客。【易错提示】the numb

26、er of 后接可数名词的复数，意为“的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 a number of 后接可数名词的复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。【思维拓展】表示“数量”的词语还有：a lot of/lots of 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a great/big deal of 许多；很多(修饰不可数名词)an amount of/amounts of 大量的(修饰不可数名词)a quantity of/quantities of 很多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a little 一些(修饰不可数名词) a bit of 一些(修饰不可数名词)a great many 很多(修饰复

27、数可数名词) many a 许多(修饰单数可数名词)即境活用13Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothes industry. Ais working Bworks Cwork Dworked解析a large number of . 作主语，谓语动词用复数。 答案C4at an end 结束，终结【例1】The year is at an end. 这一年已到年终了。【例2】The meeting came to an end. 会议结束了。即境活用14I

28、t snowed heavily for three days _ and we were separated from the outside world. Ain the end Bby the end Con end Dat the end解析on end 连续，符合句意。in the end 最终；by the end 到末； at the end 在末。答案C5 bring in 带来；引进bring sth. in 带进 bring in a lot of money 赚取许多钱bring in some new ideas 提出一些新观点 bring in sb. 请某人来【例】

29、He intends to bring in some reforms. 他打算提出一些改革措施。【例】He does odd jobs that bring him in about 30 a week. 他做零工每周可赚约30英镑。即境活用15He revisited his hometown last month, and everything there _ his sweet memory of his early childhood. 答案C Abrought about Bbrought up Cbrought back Dbrought in解析bring back 使回忆起，

30、符合句意。 bring about 引起； bring up 养大；bring in 引进。6give out 发出；耗尽；分发【例1】The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳向地球发出光和热。【例2】Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride. 赶了很长一段路后，人马俱乏。【例3】The teacher gave out the examination papers. 教师发了考卷。即境活用16(2012·四川南充市月考)The local governme

31、nt in Shenzhen has recently passed a new regulation forbidding supermarkets and stores to _ free plastic bags to shoppers, in order to protect the environment. Agive off Bgive in Cgive up Dgive out解析give out 分发，符合句意。 give off 散发气味； give in 屈服；give up 放弃。 答案D7instead of 代替，而不是instead of 后接名词、代词、动名词等。

32、instead adv. 代替，而不是；可置于句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。【例1】Let's play cards instead of watching TV. 咱们玩扑克牌吧，别看电视了。【例2】It will take days by car. Instead, I'll fly. 开车去需要好几天呢。相反地，我要乘飞机去。 【思维拓展】“代替”的表达方法还有：(1)in place of sb. 副词短语，指“代替某人”时还可以用 in sb's place。(2)take the place of sb. take sb's plac

33、e 代替某人的职务。(3)give place to 让位于；被所代替。即境活用17(2012·大连二十四中期中考试)_treating the homeless man as a shame to society, Mrs.Wang provided him with food and water. AInstead of BAs a result of CIn the event of DRegardless of解析句意：王女士给这个无家可归的人提供食物和水而不是把他看作社会的羞耻。 instead of “代替，而不是”，其后接名词、动名词等； as a result of

34、由于； in the event of 在关头； regardless of 不顾，不管。 答案A8think little of 轻视；看不起；不重视；认为没价值【例】She thought little of my work. 她看不起我的工作。【例】He thought little of my suggestion. 他不重视我的建议。【思维拓展】think a lot/much/highly of. 对评价高think not much/poorly/little of 对评价不高think better of sb. 对某人有较高的评价think nothing of it 别在意

35、；没什么；别客气think nothing of sth./doing sth. 不把当回事think twice about sth./doing sth. 三思而后行think aloud 自言自语 think for yourself 独立思考think of. as. 把看做think about 考虑 think of 考虑；想出；建议 think up 想出；设计出即境活用18The popular song _ by most young people. Ais well thought of Bis thought high of Cthinks well of Dis poo

36、rly thought of解析think well of sb.的被动形式为 be well thought of，意为“高度评价”。 答案A重点句型 1In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。too. to. 通常表示“太而不能”。【例】The house is too small to hold so many people. 房子太小不能容纳这么多人。【例】He was too tired to walk any farther. 他太疲惫了不能再往

37、前走了。【思维拓展】be only too glad/pleased to. 求之不得；当然非常愿意can't be too. 再也不过分即境活用19Lily had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. Atoo much heavy Btoo heavy much Cmuch too heavy Dheavy too much解析much too heavy to carry 表示“太重以至于拿不动”。 答案C2Thousands of families were killed and man

38、y children were left without parents. 千万个家庭死于地震，很多孩子成为孤儿。leave 在此句中的意义为“使处于某种状态”，后面用复合宾语结构，宾语补足语可以用形容词、副词、分词、不定式或者介词短语充当。 【例】She left me to take care of her baby. 她托我照顾她的婴儿。【例】Always leave things where you can find them again. 把东西放到您能找到的地方。【例】Your answer leaves much to be desired. 您的答案很不完善。【例】I'

39、ve left behind my hat on the chair. 我把帽子忘在椅子上了。【思维拓展】leave about 乱丢；乱放leave for 动身去某地 leave out 省略；丢掉 leave over 留下，剩下；使延期 leave.alone 不理会 leave behind 忘带，留下即境活用20(2012·山东曲阜师大附中期中考试)Most of us do read a lot in English, but our speaking and writing skills leave much _. Ato improve Bto be improve

40、d Cimproved Dimproved解析our speaking and writing skills leave much to be improved 我们的说写能力有待于极大提高。答案B3It seemed as if the world was at the end! 世界似乎到了末日！seem 可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，用以说明主语的特征或状态。【例】It seems as if Ken will win the race. 看上去肯定要赢赛跑了。【例】She seemed to have forgotten her promise. 她似乎已忘记了自己的

41、诺言。【思维拓展】It seems (to sb.) that/as if. (对某人来说)似乎seem like n. 似乎；好像seem to be doing sth./to have done sth. 好像正在做/已经做了某事seem (to be) n/adj.似乎是There seems/seemed to be. 好像有即境活用21_seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter college or university. AThere BWhat CThat DIt解析T

42、here seems to be. 似乎有。 答案A4All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。句中 all. not. 意为“并非全部”，表示部分否定。 not 与表示全部意义的代词或副词连用，表示部分否定。这样的词有 both, all, every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere等。 not 可以放在这些词的前面，也可以否定动词。【例】The whole plan doesn't want changing. 并非全部计划都需要改变。【思维拓展】英语中表示全部否定的词有 neither, non

43、e, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere。【例】My brother has a nice car, but I have none. 我哥哥有一辆漂亮的车，但是我没有。即境活用22The exam was easy, wasn't it? Yes, but I don't think _ could pass it. Asomebody Banybody Cnobody Deverybody解析not. everybody 并非每个人都。 答案D【思维拓展】have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sb. doing sth. 让

44、某人一直做某事have sb./sth. done 使某人/物被；某人/物遭受get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 get sth. done 让某事被get sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事即境活用23(2012·沈阳二中月考)Get the paper _ to make it smaller and put it in your pocket.Afold Bfolded Cfolding Dto fold解析the paper 与 fold 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作宾补。 答案B.词义辨析1The Second World War brou

45、ght great _ to the people of Europe and the world. Asteam Bsuffering Cpower Dflame解析suffering 苦难。steam蒸汽；power 力量；flame 火焰。 答案B2The mountain climbers _ in the storm were finally rescued by helicopter. Aruined Btransported Ctrapped Dsheltered解析trap 围困。ruin 毁坏；transport 运输；shelter 庇护。答案C3I _ hope that

46、 you'll make an excellent engineer in the future. Aextremely Bfluently Cofficially Dsincerely解析sincerely 真诚地。extremely 极其；fluently 流利地；officially 正式地。 答案D4More than twenty miners were reported to be _ alive when the tunnel fell in.Aburied Bdamaged Cexpressed Dfrightened解析bury 埋，埋葬。damage 破坏；expr

47、ess表达；frighten 吓唬。 答案A5Don't you realize the _ these chemicals are doing to our environment? Ashelter Btrack Cdamage Doutline解析do damage to 破坏。 答案C6He defeated the other competitors and won the world _ for the high jump. Atrack Btitle Cjudge Dheadline解析title 冠军。track 踪迹；judge 裁判；headline 大字标题。 答

48、案B7(2012·沈阳二中月考)The Red Cross turned the school into a _ for victims of the earthquake. Akindergarten Bcover Cshelter Dhotel解析shelter 避难所。cover 封面，盖子；kindergarten 幼儿园； hotel 旅馆。 答案C8Her actions _ her love for her children more than any words could do. Acommanded Bscheduled Cburst Dexpressed解析ex

49、press表达。command指挥；burst 爆发；schedule制定计划。 答案D9The car accident seemed to have completely _ his confidence. Ashocked Brequested Cdetermined Ddestroyed解析destroy完全摧毁。shock使震惊；request请求；determine决定。 答案D10The natural _ is believed to have caused heavy losses in this area. Aview Bblock Cvoyage Ddisaster解析d

50、isaster灾害。view观点，远景；block街区，大块；voyage航海。 答案D课后巩固练习（7月28日）.短语填空1.His car was buried by the snow and had to be _.2They _ my suggestion, which made me a little upset.3Please wait for a moment. I'll find the address for you _.4Quite _ world­famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.5The children were happy that the long hot summer was at last _.6We _ our son for not giving in to such difficulties.7W