初中英语语法名词篇(学生版,不含答案)

1、初中中考英语语法（名词篇）语法总述：词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock, 合成名词：8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail, 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet,

2、far, 合成形容词：8-year-old, hard-working, 4、数词(num.)： 表示数量或事物的顺序。基数词：one, two, three, hundred, 序数词：first, second, third, 量词：a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of, six pairs of,5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。系词：am, is,are,半系词：look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell,

3、turn, 实意动词：have, see , think, beat, walk,助动词：辅助动词构成否定、疑问等语气，辅助东西构成时态语态等。如：be, do, does, did, will, can, should, may,6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home, upstairs, hard, very, really, 7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如

4、in, on, at, from, above, under, behind, with, without, to,短语介词：next to, in front of, at the age of, 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, or, before, when, while, after, as soon as, if, unless, until, because, so, though, but, even if, even though, as if, 10、感叹词(interj.):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello2

5、、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。2、派生法：(1)派生名词：动词+er/or 动词+ing 动词+(t)ion 形容词+ness 其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2)派生形容词：名词+y 名词+ful 动词+ing/ed friendly dangerous Chinese; Japanese English French Germa

6、n 国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：形容词+ly 其它,如：slowly, angrily, fullfully, goodwell, possiblepossibly等等。3、转换法：(1)形容词动词,如：dry(干燥的)dry(弄干), clean(干净的)clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。(2)动词名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。(3)名

7、词动词,如：hand(手)(传递),face(脸)(面对)等等。(4)形容词副词,如：earlyearly, fastfast等等。(5)副词连词,如：when(什么时候)(当时候),等等。(6)介词副词,如：in(到里)(在里面；在家),on(在上)(进行,继续),等等。名词篇：名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：专有名词普通名词国名,地名,人名,团体,机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale Univer

8、sity,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。(2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。(3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 a

9、rmy 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .

10、4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1. 规则名词的复数形式：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dishdishes, benchbenches, glasses, dresses, wishes, faxes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves,

11、 wife-wives, shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, half-halves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs,4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities, baby-babies, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentar

12、y-documentaries5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros /zeroes, volca

13、no-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice, manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep, toothteeth, childchildren, goosegeese2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works,

14、fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（表整体）也可以作复数（表其中的人或者成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party, police警察局，警察, clas

15、s班，同学, family家，家庭成员6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer,

16、fish,以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches9名词作定语把主要名词变成复数, 做定语的名词一把用单数a boy student- some boy students， an apple tree-some apple trees, a shoe factory- some sh

17、oe factories, an eight-year-old boy,名词作定语将两部分都变为复数a woman singer-women singers, a man teacher-men teachers,名词作定语，a sports bag-two sports bag, a clothes store-two clothes stores10常以复数形式出现scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子glasses 玻璃杯people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks11单复数意义不同fi

18、sh鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡5、名词所有格：名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。三是双重所有格。1. s

19、所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo, Jim's bed , the man's wife, the fox's tail复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, Childerns Day, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house, the stude

20、nts' books, Teachers' Day, my boss' office, a girls' dormitory表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father, Lucy and Lilys bedroom表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the barbers, the tailors, my uncles my aunt

21、s(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所)2. s所有格的用法：有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。表示时间表示自然现象表示国家城市等地方的名词表示工作群体表示度量衡及价值todays newspaper, five weeks holiday the earths atmosphere, the trees branchesthe countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industrythe ships crew, majoritys view, the teams

22、 victorya miles journey, five dollars worth of apples2与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot3某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。Whose pen is this? It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。The bike is not mine, but Toms.这辆自行车不是我的，是Tom的。3. of所有格的用

23、法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students某些of所有格和s所有格可以互换。the son of a poor peasanta poor peasants son一个贫农的儿子但有时含义却不相同，请比较下面的例子：an old

24、 woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世) the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世)4. 双重所有格在意义上与"one of."相似：1of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友) =one of my fathers friends,a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)=one of my friends此外，不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some, any, many, no, few等)以及which等限定词，采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如：

25、most of the students学生中的大多数three of them他们中的三个人I like reading some books of his.我喜欢读他的一些书。Which book of Qiong Yaos do you like best?你最喜欢琼瑶的哪一本书？5. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别请仔细比较下面三句话：1.She is Mary's brother's friend. 2.She is a friend of Mary's brother. 3.She is a friend of Mary'

26、;s brother's. 1句用的是's所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。2句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary's brother。3句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。名词专项练习1( ) 1 She was very happy. She _ in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes f

27、ew mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths . toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the

28、 horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato2( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. sto

29、ries ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A.

30、any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long

31、 time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 7 John bough

32、t_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes4( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-I've got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Ge

33、rmanies( ) 3 In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( ) 4 A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American5( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 2 -W

34、hat would you like to have for lunch, sir?-I'd like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so intere

35、sted in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. workC. this works D. the works7( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C. the People Park D. People's Park( )

36、 2 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How many_were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I b

37、ought a TV_.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a of wood _ left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, wo

38、men driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 3 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctorsC. woman doctors D. woman doctor10( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 2 We cam

39、e to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C

40、. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number111. September 10th is_in China.A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, it's under_.A. the teache

41、r's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. men's room B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms12( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and

42、Lucy's( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's( ) 3 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailorB. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'( ) 4 Joan is_. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and

43、 Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister13( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years' C. year's D. years( ) 2 It's about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is a bit

44、 far from here. It's about_.A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's14( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The

45、 windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof

46、of house15( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of _.A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him( ) 3 The post card is sent by _.A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father's C. my father friend D.

47、 my father friend's16( ) 1 Sydney is a city of_.A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan( ) 2 My father likes buying us _.A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents( ) 3 In England, the last name is the _.A. full name B. family name C. middle nameD. given name( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He wor

48、ks in a new_.A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital17( ) 1 My father is a_. He works in a hospital.A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier( ) 2 -Which animal lives only in China?-The_.A. tiger B. monkeyC. pandaD. elephant( ) 3 April come before_and after_.A. March; May B. May; MarchC. June; May

49、D. March; February( ) 4 Which of the following is right?A. China has a large population. B. China has much population.C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of population.( ) 5 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another_?A. one B. game C. programme D. piece 181

50、. A pair of trousers _yuan. A.am B.are C.is 2. _ is the rice ? Five yuan a kilo. A. How many B. How much C. How old 3. I need to two pencil _ . A.box B.boxes C.boxs 4. Lindas sister likes _ . She has _ for dinner. A.vegetable, tomatoes B.vegetables, tomato C.vegetables, tomatoes 5._ English dictiona

51、ry is on the desk. A. An B. A C. / 6. Chicken _ 20 yuan a kilo. A.is B.am C.are 7. The sweaters are five _ for one. A.dollar B.dollars C.yuans 8. This is great month for the students because they have three _. A.party B.partys C.parties 9. A cow has four_. A. stomachs B. stomaches 10. Three_ are eat

52、ing grass. A sheep B sheeps11. Water_ a kind of matter. A. is B. are 12. Her clothes_ nearly worn out. A.is B. are 13. No man_ present. A. is B. are 14. It is I who_ next. A am B. is 15. here_ no water in the glass. A.are B. is 16. Here_ two blind men. A.come B.is 17. Physics_ more difficult than maths. A is B.are 18. Neither Mary nor her sister_ the party A.is going to B. are going to 19. I want to buy_. A. kilo of meat B.