主谓一致和反意疑问

1、主谓一致一、 主谓一致应遵循的规则：1语法形式上的一致：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Jane and Mary look healthy and strong . The number of mistakes was surprising .2. 意义上一致：1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The crowd were running for their lives .单数形式表示复数意义的词有people， police，cattle，militia 等。2）主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news w

2、as very exciting .形复意单的单词有 news，works（工厂）和一些以ics结尾的学科名.称.physics， politics，mathematics等。3. 就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either，rneither.nor， not onlybut als等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this .二、主谓一致应注意的几个问题：1. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由 or,ei

3、theror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut，连接两个名词或代词作主语时， 根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。 例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. /Tom or Jack is wrong. /Either this one or that one is OK.2. 以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：No news isgood news./Maths is very popular in our class3. a n

4、umber of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例：A number of famous people were invited to party. /The number of the students is over eight houndred.4. 当kind of,pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与 kind,pair,glass等一致。例如： This pair of shoes is Tom /The' are two glasses of wather on the

5、 table.5. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.6. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk. /Here are some books and paper for you.7. 不定代词 somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,n

6、obody,no one,nothing 作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：Is everyone here today. /Something is wrong with him.8. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.9.

7、people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：People here are veryfriendly./His family isn ' t large. /My family all like watching TV.10. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为"许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai.11. more than one+单数名词作主语

8、，谓语用单数。例如：More than one student has ever been to Beijing.12. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. /Ten miles isn ' t a long distance.13. 主语是each/every/no+单数名词+and（each/every/no）+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man an

9、d every woman is at work.14. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough.15. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe. /Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.16. a/an+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam.17. 当主语部分含有 with，toge ether with，alon

10、g with，as well as，besides, except， but，like 等介词或介词 短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Mike with his father has been to England. Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football18. 分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。Part of the work has been done by us . Ten percent of

11、 the apples were bad .19. 不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.20. 在定语从句中主语是关系代词 who , that , which ,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。注意：在“one of+复数名词+ who/that/which "

12、;引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于 one前是否有the (only)、the very。 如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数， 如没有the only，就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. He was the only one of the students who was late for school.初中英语反意疑问句专项语法讲解反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一

13、部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句， 后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。一、含 be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句其句型是：句型 1:主语 + be+其它，isn ' t(aren ' t, wasn ' t, werefe语?)+句型 2:主语 + be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主语？注意：There be句型There is an old picture on the wall, isn' t there?Yes, there is. No, the

14、re isn ' t.二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型1:主语+动词原形+其它，don' t I(you, we, they)?句型2:主语+ don' t动词原形+其它，do I(you, we, they)?句型3:主语+动词第三人称单数+其它，doesn' t he(she, it)?句型4:主语+ doesn'动1词原形+其它，does he(she, it)?三、行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型1:主语+动词过去式+其它，didn ' 主语？句型2:主语+didn ' t动词原形+其它，did +

15、主语？四、一般将来时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型1:主语+will+动词原形+其它，won t+主语？句型2:主语+ won' t +动词原形+其它，will +主语？注意：There be句型的一般将来时t there?There will be a basketball match tomorrow, wonYes, there will. No, there won ' t.五、现在完成时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型1:主语+have+动词过去分词+其它，haven' t主语？句型2:主语+ haven' t动词过去分词+其它，have +主语？句型3:主语+

16、has+动词过去分词+其它，hasn' t主语？句型4:主语+ hasn ' t动词过去分词+其它，has + 主语？中考英语：反意疑问句对应规则二十四条一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如： You can' t do it, can you?They are very late for the meeting, aren' t they?二、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如： He has supper at home every day, doesn '

17、不不能?用 hasn' t he?) They have known the matter, haven ' t th不y能用 don' t they?)三、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如： They will go to town soon, won ' t th不y?用 don' t they?或 aren' t they?) He works very hard, doesn ' t 不能(用 didn ' t he或 wori t he?)四、反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in

18、-, dis-,等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如： Your father is unhappy, isn'不he用 is he?) The man is dishonest, isn '不e?用 is he?) It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn 不能用'is it?)五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： She never

19、 tells a lie, does she?不用 doesn' t she?) He was seldom late, was he?不用 wasn' t he?)六、 反意疑问句的陈述部分为lam时，问句部分习惯上用aren' t?表示。如：I am a very honest man, aren ' t I?七、 反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及 主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如： I think that he has done his

20、best, hasn' t he? We think that English is very useful, isn不用 tdtSh( t we?)八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don ' t think(believe, uppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I don ' t think that you can do it, can you?不用 do I?) We dori t believe that the news is true, is it?(不用

21、do we?)九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如： They all think that English is very important, don不用t tisGy?( it?) He didn ' t think that the news was true, did he?不用 wasn' t/ was it?)十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked ) +从句时，问

22、句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如： They said that you had finished your work, didn'不用elyadn' t you) Kate told you that she would go there, didn不用She?i(ldn' t she?)十、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it如：Something is wrong w ith the computer, isnNthing has happened

23、to them, has it?十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one),everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用 he或they，这时问句动词的数应和he或they 一致。如: Someone has taken the seat, hasn' t he? Everyone has done their best in the game, haven ' t they?十三、陈述部分为Let me时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或 will you?形式。如:Le

24、t me have a try, shall I?(will you?)十四、陈述部分为Let us 时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如:Let us stop to rest, will you?十五、陈述部分为 Let' s时，问句部分习惯上用 shall we?形式。如:Let' s go home together, shall we?十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用 wori t you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如： Do sit down, won ' t you?/ will you Yo

25、u feed the bird today, will you? Please open the window, will you?(won ' t you?)十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式。如：Dori t make any noise, will you?十八、陈述部分为 There (Here) + be +主语时，问句部分用动词 +there(here)?形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, aren'Here?s a story about Mark Twain, isn' t he

26、re?十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn' t 主语？形式。 Yoi/ d better tell him about the matter, hadn' t you? We had better do it by ourselves, hadn ' t we?二十、陈述部分用 used to +主语时，问句部分用didn ' t +主语？或usedn ' t主语？形式。 He used to live in the country, didn' t he?/usedn ' t he? They

27、 used to be good friends, didn ' t they?/usedn ' t they?二、陈述部分用 must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语， 问句部分动词用过去时形式。如： He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn' t he?(不用 mightn ' t he?/ hasn ' t he?) You must have got up late this morning, di

28、dn ' t y不用(mustn ' t you?/haven ' t you?)二十二、陈述部分用 must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状 语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如： Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven不用hem&stn ' t they?) You must have worked the re a year ago, didn ' t yo用?(mustn ' t you?/ h

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35、oop poo6 suo op o丄:Ml!宙里王阴国回'庙卫爭立塗團多程华里王阴皋驳谢 '园亠二18. The singer and the dancercome to Beijing.A. has B. haveC. areD. is19. The children in this class eacha new school bag.A. have B. hasC. has got D. are having20. All but onehere just now.A. is B. wasC. has been D. were反意疑问句练习1. You'd rat

36、her watch TV this evening,?a. isn't it b. hadn't you c. wouldn't you d. won't you2. I suppose you're not going today,?a. are you b. do you c. don't you d. aren't you3. I wish to shake hands with you,?a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I4. Three hours ought to be enough tim

37、e,?a. oughtn't three hours b. didn't they c. shouldn't it d. shouldn't three hours5. They have to study a lot,?a. don't they b. haven't they c. did they d. hadn't they6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt,?a. didn't he b. did he c. did it d. didn

38、9;t it7. I'm sure dirty,?a. am I b. isn't I c. aren't I d. am not I8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don't think you judged your ability objectively when youapplied for it,you?a. do b. did c. don't d. didn't9. That's the sort of the book you want,?a

39、. is it d. isn't that c. is that d. isn't it10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you,?a. are they b. aren't they c. are all these dictionaries d. aren't all these dictionaries11. The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting,?a. wasn't it b. was it c. didn't

40、 we d. weren't we12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now,?a. hasn't he b. has he c. shouldn't he d. didn't you13. David told me that you would take a trip to America,?a. would you b. wouldn't you c. did you d. didn't you14. Ther

41、e appeared to be no better way,?a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn't there二、句型转换，根据要求改写句子。（每题2分，共30分）1、acy asked him to turn down the radio.（对划I线部分提问 ）Lucy ask him to do?2、hey will finish building the house in two weeks.（对划线部分提问）they fin ish buildi ng the house.3、Mary does her homework at home in Sunday.（改为一般疑问句 ）Maryher homework at home on Sunday ?4、The old man can hardly dress himself.（改为反意疑问句 ）The old man can hardly dress himself,?5、It ' s ten minutes ' walk from my home to the sCM划线部分提问）is it f