2019年河南省中考英语语法专项复习训练：动词不定式语法考点剖析

1、语法考点剖析 考点一 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是 “t(0 动词原形”否定形式是在不定式前加 not。动词 不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化， 在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 1 1作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用 it 作形式主语，把动词不定式 后置，常构成“I4be+ adj.( + for sb.) +动词不定式” Its important (for us) to protect the environment.对我们来说)保护环境很重要。 2 2作表语 My job is to teach En

2、 glish.我的工作是教英语。 3 3作宾语或宾语补足语 (1) 接 to do 作宾语的动词或短语有 want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plar 等。 (2) 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, en courage 等。 (3) 在使役动词 make, let, have 和感官动词 see, feel, notice, look, smell 等的后面作 宾语补足语时，不定式符号 t

3、o 要省略。 help 后的不定式可带 to 也可不带 to。 4 4作定语 I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。 动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动 词，其后要有相关的介词。 The cat is easy to take care o 这只猫很容易照顾。 5.5. 作状语 Mrs. Wang went to Sha nghai to see her daughteE 太太去上海看她女儿。（目的） Were glad to meet you here 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。（原因） He is too tired

4、 to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。（结果） 6.6. 疑问词+动词不定式”结构 疑问词 who, what, when, where, how, which 等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 The teacher is telli ng the stude nts what to do 老 师正告诉学生们做什么。 He did nt know where to go（= where he should go） 他不知道去哪里。 7.7. 含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语 too. to.太 . 而不能 . Why dont you do sth.?为什么

5、不做某事？ had better do sth 最 好做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth 让某人做某事 be made to do sth 被 迫做某事 跟踪训练 1.1. （2018 2018 河南郑州二模）Its raining again. We have to stay in the hotel to wait for the rain _ . A . will stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stops 2.2. （2018 2018 河南濮阳三模）W

6、hen you leave, please turn off the lights _ en ergy.A save Bto save Csaving Dsaved 3.3. (2018 2018 河南开圭寸二模)Eight-year-old Emily stood on a tall chair _ the clothes on the line. A . hang B . hung C. hanging D. to hang 4.4. (2018 2018 河南南阳新野二模)一 Dad, do we have to use the GPS in the car? Certainly, _

7、our position and direction when looking for a place. A . know B. knew C. knowing D. to know 考点二 动名词 动名词由 “动词原形 -ing ”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质 (可 有宾语和状语 )，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1 1 .动名词常用结构 (1) 只能跟动名词的动词 (短语 )有 avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good a

8、t doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing 等。 (2) haven. (in) doing have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing 等。 to doing 结构，to 是介词 be/get used to doing, look forward to

9、 doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to A save Bto save doing 等。 2.2. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同 to do sth.停下来去做另件事 doing slh.停止做某事 to do sth.忘记做某事 doing sth,忘记做过某事 /to do stk记得去做某事 rcmeml)cr / I doing sth记得做过某事 fto do stk尽力去做某事 y doing sth.尝试做某事 to do sthf遗憾地去做某事 doing sth后悔做了某事 1.1. _ （20 2

10、0 佃 预测）Have you forgotte n _ $1, 000 from me last mon th? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A . borrowing; to bring B . to borrow; to bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 2.2. （20172017 黑龙江龙东中考改编）一 Would you mi nd _ here? Of course no t. Ill _ my cigarette at on ce. A . not smoki

11、ng; put away B . not smoking; put out C. not to smoke; put off D. not to smoke; put outstop regret 3.3. （2020 佃预测）Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty _ the problem. A . working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out 4.4. （2017 2017 湖北黄冈中考）一 Nowadays l

12、ots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _ products made in China. A . to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy 5.5. （2020 佃预测）My brother keeps _ me with my work. A . to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6.6. （2020 佃预测）lve enjoyed _ to take with you. A. t

13、o be able B. being able C. tobeen able D. of being able 7.7. （2020 佃 预测）Mr. Wang came into the office without _ the door. A . knock B. knocking at C. to knock at D. knocking to 8.8. （2017 2017 重庆中考）Dave is a good boy and he always finishes _his homework on time. 9.9. （2017 2017 重庆渝北中考）There are some

14、 people _ soccer in the park. A . play B. plays C. playing D. to play 10.10. _ （2017 2017 江苏常州中考）一 Why does nt the Surgeon stop _ lun ch? Because he is too busy _ a dying patie nt in the operati on room. A . to have; to save B. having; to save C. to have; saving D. having; saving 11.11. （2017 2017 江

15、苏淮安中考）The research he devotes himself to _ the farmers have a better harvest is very importa nt. A . helping B. to help C. help D. helped 考点三现在分词 现在分词由 动词原形+ -ing 构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作 用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。 The crying girl ca nt find her mother .那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。（定语） I saw him studying in the cl

16、assroom 我看到他正在教室里学习。（宾语补足语） A . do B. did C. does D. doing Studyi ng hard, you will pass the exam 只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。（状语） 跟踪训练 1.1. （2017 2017 黑龙江龙东中考改编）一 I saw Jim _ into that new building just now. Oh, its our new library. It _ to the public for a week. A . walk; has opened B . walking; has been open

17、Cwalking; has opened D walk; has been open 2 2 I heard him _ an English song when I passed his room last night. A sing B singing Csung Dto sing 3.3. （2016 2016 湖南衡阳中考）The novel is great. Its well worth _ . A read B reads C. reading D. to read 考点四 过去分词 1 1 .过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语 等。 She is very tired 她很疲劳。（表语） The boy wore a pair of faded jea ns 那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。（定语） She