主谓一致讲解++练习

1、主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意 义一致原则，就近一致原则。1、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数， 但意义为复数， 因此谓语动词用复数形式； 或主语形式上为复数 , 但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are h

2、aving lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。3、就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词 （代词 ）/ 不可数名

3、词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词（ 代词）作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Tom 's.这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2、 “a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但“many a+名词”作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。A great

4、many students in our school go to college in their teens.3、more than one+ 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4、表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积、价格，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作 主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isn 't so heavy. 2 0 英镑

5、并不太重。Ten miles isn 't a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5减 4 等于 1。Five minutes is enough.Four hundred francs is a lot of money.5、 each and each ，every and every ;noand no ;many a and many a 等结构由于强 调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。但是 each 放在并列主语之后作同位语时，谓语动词不受影响。Each boy and each girl has

6、got a new English-Chinese dictionary.No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。We each have our own ofice.（作 We的同位语）我们各有各的办公室。6、one and a half+ 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。7、从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。To see is to

7、 believe眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。To say something is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式）“How do you do” is not a question bu t a greeting .（How do you do 是句子，作主语）（注意：what引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。）What we n eed is more time ,while

8、what they n eed are more doctors and medici nes .8、what从句作主语1）一般来说，按照语法一致的原则，谓语动词要用单数形式；2）what从句中动词是并列谓语，表示复数意义，主句中的谓语动词用复数；What he said and what he did are not same.3）what从句作主语，有时候主句的谓语动词与主句的表语一致。如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓 语动词用复数，否则用单数。What we lack today is steel and con crete.What they have done is con sidere

9、d useful to the people.What the man said un der the oath was disputed by several other wit nesses.What I am in n eed of is mon ey.What he wants to get are some books.9、定语从句中的主谓一致1）一般情况下，关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致；2）集体名词作先行词，被视作一个整体时，关系代词用which，从句谓语动词用单数；被视作若干个体的组合时，用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数；常见的集体名词有： fam

10、ily, audienee, class,club,government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, company 等。3）先行词是“ one of +复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数。如果先行词是“ the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+ one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。4）强调句型中，形式主语it后总是接单数is/ was；强调主语时，从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的 数保持一致。She is th

11、e only one of the stude nts who was praised.It is not I but Mr. Gree n who is in charge of this compa ny.I, who amyour sin cere frie nd,have n ever doubted the reas on why you were late for myparty.Each one of us who is now living in this city is destined to witness the remarkable Olympic Games.10、当

12、主语由“ all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half+ of+名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。当all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half单独作为主语时，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。“All are present and all is going on well.” our teacher said.One fouth of the books have bee n sold out.Three fourths of the apple has gone bad.Three fout

13、ths of the surface of the earth is covered with the sea.Those are mi ne, the rest are yours.All but one were here just now. All that I want to say is this.11、a/an+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语动词用单数。A stude nt or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。12、当主语部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，excep

14、t，but， like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词 +as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.13、 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物

15、，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+an d+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+ 单数名词 +and+a/the+ 单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。 （作家和教师指同一个人 ）The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。 （ 作家和老师是两个人 ）The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month .Bread and butter is my usual

16、 breakfast .14、people,police 等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式， family,class,group,team 等集体名词 作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。His family isn't large.他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。15、either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody

17、, anyone , anything , somebody,someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody做主语时，谓语一般用单数。Neither of the two sentences is correct .Everything around us is matter .Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。（注意： none , neit

18、her, all ,any 作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意 思。None of them owns/own a car .Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.All are here. And all that can be done has been done.Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。16、news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词做主

19、语时，谓语动词用单数。The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city17、 以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class在我们班数学很受欢迎。18、由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由 or, either or，neithernor,not onlybu

20、t also ,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going. 要么我去，要么我妻子去。Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.要么你 , 要么我 , 要么其他任何人知道答案。Not only you but also he is ready to leave.不仅你，而且他也准备离去。如果 either, each, neither 作主语，则动词为单数形式。 Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Nei

21、ther of the books is very interesting.19、如果主语是由“ kind/ series/ sort/ type/ pile of + 名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与修饰名词 的 kind,series, sort, type, pile 等的数保持一致。因此， a series of, a kind of, a portion of+ 等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 但是，当主语由“名词 +of this kind (sort, type等) 构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。A series of pre-recorded taps has b

22、een prepared for language laboratory use.20、a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式 ; . 而 the number of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred21、以 here， there 开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and

23、three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.22、“ majority/ portion/ part/ percentage/ the rest/分数/ 百分数 +of + 名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数与 of 后面的名词的数保持一致。 如果中心词是one,后跟由in, out of, of引导的介词短语，谓语动词用单数。The rest of the magazines were sold out within half an hour. Only 10 percent of the students in the

24、 class are League members.About 40% of Jim 's income goes to the rent.23、the+ 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式 .The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。24、 表示前后照应关系的词组，如the above, the below, the former, the latter, the following, the rest等，应根据其所指对象来决定谓语动词

25、的单复数形式。The following are some newly-published popular magazines.25、“ a great deal of/ a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ a little of/ a large amount of/ a largequantity of等+不可数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。但是， “quantities of/ amounts of+ 名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。Large quantities of water have been polluted.A great deal of time

26、is spent trying to match young people to a suitable foster carer. 但是“ Lots of + 不可数名词”做主语，谓语动词根据 water 来定，因为 lots 不是名词。 Lots of water has been polluted.26、both, few, a few, several, many, others等做主语，谓语动词用复数。She has two sons, both are clever.Some are sleeping, some are playing, others are studying.27

27、、one, another, little, a little, either, much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。I have two pens, one is black, the other is blue. Little is done to finish the work.28、such 作主语，谓语动词根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such were his words.29、savings, belongings, taxes, earnings,

28、leavings, wages等作主语，谓语动词用复数。His wages have gone up. 他涨工资了。Are these your belongings 这些是你的东西吗More taxes are to be paid from next month. 下个月就要多缴纳税款了。Those taxes are paid the day before the transfer of ownership.30、表示加减乘除的句式，谓语动词用单数。What is 12 minus 10What is one plus four It's five.31、不可数名词前如果有表示数

29、量的复数名词作定语，谓语动词用复数。如：“ millions of tons of/hundreds of boxes of+ 不可数名词”。32、由 and 连接两个或两个以上的不定式或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数； Saying and doing are two things. 谚 说是一回事，做又是一回事。 Bringing about peace and consolidating it are two different things. 和平实现与和平巩固是两件事。33、表示抽象意义的动词不定式、分词、名词从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Writing the stories

30、 and poems is what I enjoy most.Getting to other planets or to the moon involves many problems.34、population 作主语，谓语动词的数根据意义而定。The population of the earth is increasing fast. One third of the population her are workers.35、由疑问副词并列构成的主语从句，不管疑问词有多少，谓语动词一律用单数。 When and where to build the new factory has

31、not been decided yet.36、在主谓倒装句子中，有两个或两个以上的主语并列存在时，谓语动词的数应与其最靠近的主语保 持一致。There are three books, a pen on the desk.三、肯定与否定一致： 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。We've had some (mon ey). We have n't had any(mon ey).I was talk ing to some one. I was n't talki ng to anyone.They sometimes visit us. T

32、hey rarely (never, seldom)visit us.He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife like classic music very m

33、uch and so do I. She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.主谓一致专项练习题一1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now.A. were B. is C. was D. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isn 'tB. is C. are'tD. are3. How many lessons do you usually haver a daySix lessons a

34、day. And each of then 45 minutes.A. last B. lasts C. have D. are4. Neither Liping nor I a basketball player.A. am B. is C. be D. are5. There many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A. is B. aren'tC. isn'tD. are6. The number of the students in our school 1200.A. is B. are C. has D. have7

35、. Maths my favourite subject.A. be B. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping9. Every one except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A. are B. isC. wereD. was10. That place is not interestin

36、g at all, of us wants to go there.A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some11. Nobody but Jane the secret.A. know B. knows C. have know D. is12. What's on the plate some eggs and cakes on it There some eggs and cakes on it.A. is B. are C. was D. were13. This pair of glasses mine.A. are B. be C. is D. wi

37、ll be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted15. Two months quite a long time. Yes, I 'm afraid that hewill miss lots of his lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were16. In the city the old .A. take good care ofB. are taken good care ofC.

38、is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of17. His family all very kind and friendly, His family a happy one.A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are18. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.A. has B. haveC. are D. is19. The children in this class each new school bag.A. have B. has C. ha

39、s got D. are having20. All but one here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won't neither22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet, .A. so has he B. Neither he has

40、C. He has too D. He hasn't either23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ . ”A. I am so B. So am IC. So go ID. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident (交通事故).A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English

41、 songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am 主谓一致练习题参考答案 (1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).B (6).A (7).B (8). C (9). D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14).D (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24). A (25). D主谓一致练习题二1. The old well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. ar

42、e C. has been D. was2. The secretary and manager very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been5. Either you o

43、r I going to the teachers office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will6. Most of his spare time spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that appeared this year.been B. has C. had been D. have8. Ten thousand dollars quite a large sum.B. is C. were D. have

44、9. About 20 percent of the work done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was10. Mr Smith ， together with his children ， arrived.B. has C. is D. have11. It I who leaving for London.is B. am is C. is am D. am am12. Not only Tom but also his wife fond of watching television.A. are B. were C. be D. is13.

45、When and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest .A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult15. That they were wrong in

46、these matters now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Half of his goods stolen the other day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students a Chinese-English dictionary.A. have B. has C. there is D. th

47、ere are19. They each a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes made in Nanjing.B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except my parents anything about it.A. kn

48、ow B. knows C. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north small.B. is C. have D. has25. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most，B. are C. was D. were26. His “Selected Poems ” first published in 1965.B. w

49、as C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of .A. Mary s mother 's B. Mary s mother C. Mother 's of Mary D. Mary mother s28. A good deal of money spent on books.A. have B. has C. have been D. has been29. On the wall two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging30. turn green

50、 in spring.A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves31. Father went to his doctor for about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices32. All but one here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. werenumber of people invited fifty， but a number of them absent for different reasons.A. w

51、ere ； was B. was ；was C. was ； were D. were ； were34. The air in big cities very dirty by factories.A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made35. Nobody to smoke in the cinema.A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed36. The Chinese people hard-working and brave.A.

52、 are B. is C. has been D. are being37. can be done been done.A. All ； have B. All that ； have C. All ； has D. All that ； has38. John has two brothers， but either out of work now.A. areB. isC. has D. have39. The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for

53、 B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching40. Apples of this kind .A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well41. Your trousers dirty ， you must have washed.A. is ； it B. are； it C. are ； them D. is ； them42. Where rubbish ， there are flies.A. there are B. there is C

54、. isD. there has43. The Olympic Games held every years.； four B. are； four C. is ； five D. are； five44. Many a man come to help us.A. have B. has C. is D. are45. He is the only one of the students who elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is46. Three-fourths of the homework today.A. has finished B. has b

55、een finished C. have finished D. have been finished47. Those who in compositions ， please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasn t handed ； hisB. haven 't handed ； theirC. has handed ； their D. have handed； his48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who by their teacher.A. are praised B.

56、is praised C. praised D. praising49. The whole class the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening50. The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were KEY： 1-5 BABAA 6-10 CDBDB 11-15 CDABA 16-2

57、0 BCBAB 21-25 ABABA26-30 BADBD 31-35 BDCBC 36-40 ADBBC 41-45 CBBBD 46-50 BBAAA主谓一致练习题三一 单项选择：1. Eating vegetables good for our health.A. is B. areC. wereD. was2. More than one person made the suggestion.A. was B. has C. were D. have3. I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exa