超轻型飞机飞行注意事项

1、超轻型飞机飞行注意事项Ultralight aircraft are inevitably involved in accidents and even fatal crashes. Performance, so the ultralight aircraft accident has what characteristics, the main cause of the accident, to prevent and reduce accident is of great benefit.There are three main reasons for the aviation acci

2、dent in China's ultralight aircraft.First, more than 60% of the accidents caused by engine failure. Engine failure is the key factor in engine failure.At present, our country ultralight aircraft mainly selects the series engines produced by Austrian ROTAX corporation, such as 447, 503, 582. The

3、engines themselves are not well certified, and their efficiency is high, and manufacturers are warning in this type of engine operating manual.The engine of this class has not obtained the appropriate aviation certificate, no safety and life test, and not in accordance with aviation standards. It is

4、 suitable for aircraft and aircraft that are not required for testing machines and airworthiness. . Users should know that the engine may suddenly stop and take risks.2. Install the engine of the plane, if can't guarantee the engine after parking, suddenly in the area, space velocity, height or

5、other cases, successfully landed safely with no power, should not be flying.The lack of experience and the lack of mind are also important factors for the instability and failure of the engine. Improper selection such as fuel type and fuel quality is not high, the poor quality of lube oil and fuel o

6、il and lubricating oil not according to the actual situation to choose suitable blending ratio, or not according to the temperature, pressure, air density, the change of the flight conditions such as the fuel/air ratio appropriate adjustments, etc., for all these reasons have caused many times air p

7、arking.Second, pilot error is another major cause of the ultralight aircraft accident. For example, the driver is wrong in the cognition, the training is not enough, the old experience is done, the discipline is not strict. Some drivers see ultralight aircraft structure is simple, thought the manipu

8、lation is simple, they think, "less complicated fighter I was driving, so simple of ultralight aircraft under the words", "then I drove large transport aircraft flying all over the world, this little ultralight aircraft is not a piece of cake", so not value to driving ultralight

9、aircraft, such as the old one flown a fighter pilot, saw an ultralight aircraft, feel very simple, not a few meters, there are no complicated control system, think that manipulation must be very simple, in the case of without any training to fly his planes over themselves, the results of the first u

10、ps and downs is out of the accident. Take my own example. Once, when I first smooth driving an ultralight seaplane after complete the task, the boss advised me to fly and then another super light seaplane. At this point, I am readily agreed to mind a hot, didn't understand the maneuverability an

11、d stability of the aircraft, and less water flying experience, under the condition of large lateral wind off, due to the improper disposal, after the interruption buckle the take-off aircraft in the lake, fortunately, I just know water, all right, can the plane from the injury. There are old pilots

12、flying ultralight aircraft, the new modified ultralight aircraft, no serious study, new performance, operating characteristics, also in accordance with no modification before driving plane parameters, such as in the original machine smaller decline/landing speed to drive big drops/landing speed, thu

13、s prone to error, landing flight accident even.Some are eager to perform tasks such as low-flying tasks, which are a potential cause of accidents, when they are not comfortable with the features of the aircraft. As a pilot only on a certain type of super light aircraft to fly again, go to perform a

14、low-level extermination task, due to the uneven distribution of energy, in the case of restricted visibility, lost, can not find the airport, had to landing in otc. Some pilots fly beyond the limits of the plane's limits and flight capabilities, such as some pilots speeding or overflying.The mai

15、n thrust of the aircraft is fractured, and its consequences are likely to cause serious accidents. Some pilots in the obstacle-surmounting in flight over the aircraft performance levels, or leave your room is too little, cause a collision with the obstacles, the result of natural catastrophic. Some

16、pilot is because discipline is not strong, such as a pilot in returning to complete the task, see a reservoir, the mind a hot then fly to wash in the reservoir plane wheel, the results end up the whole aircraft into the reservoir.Third, the poor quality of aircraft and maintenance is an important re

17、ason why the accident of ultralight aircraft is not to be belittled. In terms of control system, have occurred due to the improper design and maintenance, makes the steering column and elevator (or canard) release, namely the steering column cannot be carried out on the pitch Angle of aircraft contr

18、ol. Have met this kind of situation, a pilot in the take-off aircraft cannot from the ground, makes the sliding distance is very long, almost to the end of runway had to throttle back end, damage of the plane crashed into a tree, the man get away safe. Another pilot, has also had the situation in fl

19、ight, can't use the stick to aircraft pitch control, fortunately, his experience and calm, with refueling door ways to control the plane's nose down, turn by rudder control plane, and shut down the engine when the plane off the ground is very low, fall back to the airport, the aircraft pilot

20、 narrowly missed. However, another pilot encountered the situation in the air, which was due to improper handling of the accident. Some ultralight aircraft fuel display instrument, the pilot is difficult to determine the plane of the residual oil amount, it is easy to cause the air due to run out of

21、 fuel and engine car accident.In fact, the occurrence of a flying accident is often the result of a combination of factors, namely the so-called accident chain. If the engine fails, the pilot will do the right thing, leaving the plane and crew uneventful, and the other is the pilot's handling of

22、 the accident. When studying an accident, it is important to do a comprehensive analysis, otherwise it is not possible to learn from the mistakes and prevent the occurrence of repetitive accidents. For example, once a certain type of aircraft parking in the air, according to the conditions at the ti

23、me, the plane landed on the runway, safely because of the small pilot maintain airspeed plane crashed in on one side of the barbed wire in the airport, the plane is damaged. After the fact, the manufacturer emphasized the responsibility of the pilot and did not analyze the cause of the engine. Pilot

24、 emphasizes engine problems and the maneuverability and stability is bad, no serious study in his driving technical defects, shortly after, and on the same pilot almost exactly the same accident happened.So, how to reduce the flight accidents of ultralight aircraft? The details can be enumerated, an

25、d here are the main points of reference.Master the flying conditions. Just as a person has the ability to do a lot of big things, a super light aircraft can be safe to fly only if it is suitable for its flight conditions and flight missions. As mentioned above, the engine may suddenly stop, so to ch

26、oose a suitable area with altitude, so that can safe return airport parking, to ensure that personnel with the aircraft is in good condition. In order to prevent the engine working conditions from deteriorating and the structural strength of the aircraft in the condition of air flow and wind (such a

27、s morning and evening). Ultralight aircraft performing visual flight during the day, only can't fly in the night, the cloud and mist, because in the case of low visibility, the pilot could not see ground is prone to directional illusion, difficult to determine the correct plane attitude no attit

28、ude instrument (generally ultralight aircraft), it is easy to disaster; More to prevent in the rain, especially in flight cumulonimbus clouds, flying in the rain easy happening in addition to the above problems, also will affect the normal work of the engine, can make the performance of the plane do

29、wn greatly. We see some flying ultralight aircraft flight experts in very bad weather conditions very complicated task, and get a great success, it is because they have very rich experience in driving results.But flying lovers, especially beginners, should be cautious.As far as possible to choose go

30、od gasoline, using a fixed station, fixed refinery gasoline, as must be replaced a new gasoline (such as reach new flight to replace petrol stations, replacement of the refinery gasoline), should pay attention to the change of the engine parameters, the first flight to flight. Poor quality gasoline

31、can cause the cylinder head to be too hot, or lower horsepower, or make engine work unstable and even stop. It is necessary to adjust the fuel/air ratio according to the atmospheric conditions (mainly air density), and the excess oil and oil can affect the normal operation of the engine. To choose t

32、he lubricating oil, try to use the lubricants recommended by the manufacturer to compare with the fuel/lubricating oilTo use the engine by using rules, such as normal preheating and cooling machine, checklists ignition conditions, the use of low temperature to prevent ice and water temperature is to

33、o low, soft change speed to operate, take-off climb time with full throttle, slide should not be at great speeds using low speed, unfavorable and the turbulent flow in the big flight, lest affect engine stability. When found abnormal change parameters, should increase alertness, generally shall be i

34、mmediately back for landing, to ascertain the exact causes and troubleshooting, before flying again.The pilot has to be alert at any stage of the flight and carefully controls the aircraft. Large aircraft are complex, but they have more secure automation equipment. Simple ultralight aircraft, flying

35、 more depend on their judgment in deciding the driver, in this sense, the burden of the driver instead of increased, for the greater demands of the pilot. As a result, the more experienced pilots are not to be seen on ultralight aircraft. For the pilot, flying a new aircraft, the first thing to read

36、 the machine of the pilot's handbook, understand its performance, driving characteristics, use restrictions, normal operating procedures and emergency procedures. Best one flew over the machine and have rich experience of the pilot do your teacher, he will teach you when to fly the aircraft shou

37、ld pay special attention to the matter, answer your concern, this to you quickly and safe driving this machine is a kind of fast, good, province. You should also regularly engage in technical communication with your peers, which will give you the knowledge you can't get from books.To master the

38、performance of an aircraft, in addition to the technology to take off and landing, to experience carefully in the whole speed range of plane stability and maneuverability, especially to find out and grasp some obvious and unique features of the plane. Such as ailerons reverse effect, automatic aircr

39、aft looked up and stall, etc., in the experience, if there is a senior drivers take a guide with you, will be very lucky.In addition to the basic driving technology and ultra-low flight technology that should be firmly in control of the aircraft, it is also important to study the handling of unexpec

40、ted situations. Among the most important is the air stop after landing action, except for landing data, methods, as long as there are conditions, should be the actual practice, to gain experience and confidence. And then do this regularly. Of course, this practice should be carried out in a better v

41、enue and in prepared conditions, so that it can achieve both the purpose of training and the safety of the training. The pilot to fly a plane according to the characteristic of flight rule, both to strictly abide by the regulations of the flight, such as rules of visual flight rules, airports, aircr

42、aft use restrictions, pilot flying restrictions and pilot, daily life, diet rules.Improving the maintenance quality of the aircraft, reducing the air failure in the aircraft, especially the engine failure, is an important part of the reduction of the ultralight aircraft accident. Must not let only m

43、aintenance experience in auto and motorcycle maintenance of aircraft maintenance, this not only because there are technical differences between the bigger difference is different demands on quality. Failure of automobile, motorcycle parts, can be stopped by the wayside, slowly the car off the more n

44、othing, except in very special circumstances, engine does not generally result in accidents. And the plane went down in the air, especially when the engine stalled,It can't be parked in the air, it can only be landed on a particular landing site (mainly an airport) by the driver's skill. So, the quality