浙江专用2022版高考英语一轮复习模块四第8讲名词性从句学案含解析新人教版

1、word 文档- 1 - / 13 第 8 讲名词性从句. 语法填空1. (2020 某某高考 )over thousands of years, they began to depend less on whatcould be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 2. (2019 全国卷 )while they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence that they range all the

2、 way across the arctic, and as far south as james bay in canada. . 完成句子1. (2020 新高考全国卷)the tests show that the social environment is extremely influential(社会环境非常有影响) when were making decisions. 2. (2019 某某高考 )the opinion that learning is a lifelong process (学习是终生的过程)has been expressed by education e

3、xperts throughout the years. 3. (2018 全国卷 )i was afraid to speak in front of a large group of people(在一大群人面前讲话 ). 4. (2017 全国卷 )when i look at this picture of myself, i realize how fast time flies(时间过得真快 ). 语法填空谨记第1步判断是否属于名词性从句; 第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词; word 文档- 2 - / 13 若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词 ; 若缺少状语就用连接副词;

4、 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导词名词性从句由不同的引导词引导, 从句一般保持陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3 类: 1. that引导的名词性从句that 只起连接主句和从句的作用, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 本身也没有词义。该从句作主语通常用 it 作形式主语 , 而将从句置于句末。(2019 某某高考 )scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way

5、into the human body. (同位语从句 ) it is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars and bicycles to improve our environment. (主语从句 ) 2. wh- 引导的名词性从句wh- 包括 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, why 等连接副词。wh- 词既起连接作用, 还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。从句作主语也常用it 作形式主语 , 而将

6、wh- 从句置于句末。word 文档- 3 - / 13 (2020 某某高考 )the student pleted this experiment to make e true what professor joseph had said. it remains to be seen how these obstacles will help or hurt its economy. 【点津】(1)what引导的名词性从句what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么? ”的问题 , 也可以表示相当于“名词 / 代词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思, 意思是“所的事 /

7、物” , 相当于 the thing(s) that/which. . . 。 如: this is what (=the thing that)we have been looking forward to for years. (2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导让步状语从句; 而 no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。(2018某某高考 ) the gold medal will be awarded to whoever (anyone who)wins the first place in the bicycle race. no one is allowed

8、 to break the regulations, whoever (anyone who)he is. 3. if, whether引导的名词性从句(1)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用 if 。the question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master. (2)whether与 if 引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况下只能用whether: 后面直接跟or not时用 whether they now have two weeks to decide

9、 whether or not to buy. 用于介词后引导宾语从句时用whether word 文档- 4 - / 13 (2019 某某高考 ) but if he s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. 小题快练what struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. that you are ing to london is the best ne

10、ws i have heard this long time. people began looking across to see where the noise was ing from. i can t say whether he is ing or not. whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished. i didn t realize how heavy that shopping was going to be. whether they would support us was a p

11、roblem. it is important to check when the laboratory can do the tests. 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。【点津】it 作形式主语的句型有: it is+ 名词 + 从句it is a fact that. . . 事实是it is good news that. . . 是好消息it is a question that. . . 是个问题it is mon knowledge that. . . 是常识类似的名词还有: a pity; a

12、wonder; a good thing; no wonder; a surprise等。it is good news that our team has won the championship. word 文档- 5 - / 13 it is a pity that i have missed a wonderful boxing match. it is+ 形容词 + 从句it is necessary that. . . 有必要it is clear that. . . 很清楚it is likely that. . . 很可能it is important that. . . 重要

13、的是类似的形容词还有: strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quiet; unusual; certain; evident; worthwhile; surprising; interesting; astonishing。it is likely that the goods have met with some accident on the way. it is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. it

14、is+ 过去分词 + 从句it is said that. . . 据说it is reported that. . . 据报道it has been proved that. . . 已证明it must be proved that. . . 必须指出类似的过去分词还有: known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out等。it is reported that the af

15、fected area is under further detailed investigation. it has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms. word 文档- 6 - / 13 小题快练whoever wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. it was a pity that you didnt go to the talk. wha

16、t shocked me was that all of these children had no parents. it is reported (report)that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days. 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用, 既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh- 疑问词引导 )。1. that的省略与否that 引导宾语从句时, that 在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去, 但如果从句是并列句时, 第二个分句前的that 不可省略。如: h

17、e said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2. 句子的语序由 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever等引导的宾语从句, 应注意句子的语序要用陈述语序。例如: can you explain why he didnt e to the party last sunday? 【点津】think, believe, imagine, suppos

18、e等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中, 要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。word 文档- 7 - / 13 i don t think the food here agrees with me. we dont believe he stole money from the stop. 动词doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时, 其后宾语从句常用that 作连接词 ; 用在肯定句中时, 连接词用whether 或 if 皆可 , 而不用that 。do you doubt that he will win the match? i don t doubt that he

19、 can do a good job of it. he often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father. 小题快练. 单句语法填空he is quite strange, for everything he does is opposite to what is considered normal behavior. before carrying out the plan, we must consider whether the new use of the drug needs further tests. i never doub

20、t that you can remember ten or more sentences a day, but without using them, they re not yours. . 单句翻译we dont think he can operate this machine. 译: 我们认为他不能操作这台机器。表语从句表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外 , 还可由 because, as if(though)等引导。 that 引导表语从句 , 无词义 , 只起连接作用 , 不可省略。(2018 高考 ) without h

21、is support, we wouldn t be where we are now. word 文档- 8 - / 13 (2018 某某高考 )by boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. it looks as if a sandstorm is ing up. the fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need. 【点津】whether可引导表语从句, 但与之同义的if 不用于

22、引导表语从句。that is because. . . 指原因或理由。that is why. . . 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。the question is whether he will join us next time. he did not see the film last night. that is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. he had seen the film before. that is why he did not see it last night. 当主语是reas

23、on时, 表语从句要用that 引导而不是because 。the reason why i was late was that my car broke down on the way. 小题快练one of the glorious moments in my school life was when i was awarded the mayor s award. what we can learn from the story is that you mustnt blame children for the mistakes of their parents. that is whe

24、re our problems lie. my car goes faster than yours, which is why i want to keep it. 同位语从句word 文档- 9 - / 13 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明, 一般用连词that 引导。由于名词的意义不同, 也可用 whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。 常见的名词有fact, idea, belief, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, order, problem, report,

25、decision, word等。例如 : we came to the decision that we must act at once. i have no idea when he will e back. we dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 【点津】that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 同位语从句的that 不充当句子成分, 且不可省略 ; that 引导的定语从句成分是残缺的, that 代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语成分, 充当宾语时可省略。we are glad at the new

26、s that he will e. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的内容就是 that he will e, 故 that 引导的是同位语从句) we are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的 , 即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的news, 故 that 从句为定语从句) 小题快练the question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. the manager put forw

27、ard a suggestion that we should have an assistant. there is too much work to do. he has an idea that he can finish his project better. i have no doubt that he will overe all these difficulties. word 文档- 10 - / 13 学生用书 p208 . 语法填空nowadays, before we upload a photo of ourselves to social media, chance

28、s are that well use 1. _ app to smooth our skin, make our eyes bigger, eyelashes longer and lips fuller. with a couple of taps on our mobile phones, were able to get a quick fix and present our own best version to the world. 2. _, the problem is, when we 3. _(simple) edit our imperfections away, we

29、re also changing the way we look at 4. _(we). last month, 5. _(research) from the boston university 6. _(publish) an article which analyzed photo 7. _(edit) apps bad impacts on peoples self-esteem and their potential to cause appearance anxieties. they warned that such apps are blurring( 难 区 分 ) the

30、 lines between reality and fantasy. these apps allow one 8. _(change) his or her appearance in minutes and follow a(n) 9. _(realistic) standard of beauty. now weve got this daily parison of the real self with this intentional or unintentional self that we present on social media. this is 10. _ many

31、young people suffer an identity crisis when it es to how they look. 【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍目前人们将自己的照片上传到社交媒体之前, 我们很有可能会使用一款应用程序来美化我们的皮肤, 让我们的眼睛更大, 睫毛更长 , 嘴唇更丰满 , word 文档- 11 - / 13 波士顿大学 (boston university) 的研究人员发表了一篇文章, 分析了照片编辑应用程序对人们自尊的负面影响, 以及它们可能导致的外表焦虑。这就是许多年轻人在外貌问题上遭遇身份危机的原因。1. 【解析】 an 。考查不定冠词。此处表

32、示“一款”应用程序, app 为可数名词表泛指, 故用不定冠词 , 且 app 是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an 。2. 【解析】 however。考查副词。设空处前一句句意: 在我们的手机上轻敲几下, 我们就能快速解决问题, 向世界展示我们最好的版本。设空处后的句意: 问题是 , 当我们简单地编辑我们的缺点时 , 我们也改变了我们看待自己的方式。可知前后句意为转折关系。故填however 。3. 【解析】 simply 。考查副词。此处edit 是动词 , 由副词修饰 , 所给词 simple是形容词 , 其副词形式是simply 。故填 simply 。4. 【解析】 ourselves。

33、考查反身代词。 根据句意应用反身代词。主语为 we, 故填 ourselves 。5. 【解析】 researchers。考查名词复数。该空格处作句子主语, 指波士顿大学的“研究人员们” , 所以这里用名词复数, 故填 researchers。6. 【解析】published。 考查时态。 根据 last month可知句子用一般过去时, 故填 published。7. 【解析】 editing。考查形容词。photo editing apps “照片编辑应用程序”, editing意为“用于编辑的”。故填editing 。8. 【解析】 to change。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知句

34、子的谓语是allow, change为非谓语 ; allow sb. to do sth. 是固定短语“允许某人做某事”。故填to change。9. 【解析】 unrealistic。考查形容词。此处standard是名词 , 由形容词修饰, 结合句意 , 该空填 unrealistic。10. 【解析】 why 。考查表语从句。此处表示结果, 是 why 引导的表语从句。故填why 。. 语段填空word 文档- 12 - / 13 hello, boys and girls! today, i am going to talk about what you should do (你应该做什么) when a fire alarm goes o