语法专项提升--非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词锁定高考考点看看高考考什么考点一非谓语动词作主语1. （2013福建卷）basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly toemergencies.a. knownb.having knownc knowingd being known2. （2011 北京卷）it's important for the figuresregularly.a to be updated （更新）b.to have been updatedc,to updated.to have updated考点二iii非谓语动词作状语3.

2、（2013-湖南卷）warm at night, i would fill the woodstove, then set my alarmclock for midnight so i could refill it.a. stayingb. stayedc. to stayd. stay4. （2013安徽卷）in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiringchildren's love of art.a. to foundb. foundingc foundedd. having founded5. （2013-四川

3、卷）which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher foradvice.a. not knowingc. not knownb. knowing notd. known not6. a.c.（2013-ill 东卷）having eateneatat the cafeteria before, tina didn't wantb. to eatd. eatingto cat there again.考点三非谓语动词作定语7. （2013寸匕京卷）volunteering gives you a chancelives, in

4、cluding your own.a. changeb. changingc changedd to change8. （2013-天津卷）in some languages, 1（x） words make 叩 half of all wordsin dailyconversations.a.usingbto usein one corner.c. having usedd.used9. （2013-山东卷）the room is empty except for a bookshelfa standingb to standc-standsd.stood1（）. （2013四丿11卷）th

5、e airportnext year will help promote tourism in this area.a being completedb. to be completed考点四c completedd having been completed非谓语动词作宾语11 （2（） 13江苏卷）shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake andto ruins,the city took on a new looka reducingb reducedc being reducedd having reduced12. （2012

6、彳苗建卷）china recently tightened its waters controls near the huangyan island to prevent chinese fishing boats fromin the south china sea.a attackingb having attackedc. being attackedd. having been attacked考点五非谓语动词作表语13. （2013重庆卷）the engine just wont start.something seemswrong with it.a. to gob- to hav

7、e gonec goingd having gone14. （2010-福建卷）in april, thousands of holidaymakers remainedabroad due to thevolcanic ash clouda. stickingb. stuckc. to be stuckd to have stuck考点六iii非谓语动词作宾补15- （2013-新课标卷 1 ）thcy might just have a placeon the writing course一whydont you give it a try?a. leaveb. leftc. leavin

8、gd. to leave16. （2013-北京卷）when we saw the roadwith snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.a. blockb- to blockc. blockingd. blocked©反思领悟：1. 以下两条“黄金法则”是解决现在分词与过去分词区別的最佳方法。 “八字方针”即“主动进行；被动完成”。现在分诃表示主动或进行；过公分词表示被动或完成。 “两个参照物”句子的主语和谓语动词根据非谓语动词和句子主语的主动或被动关系，可以判断非谓语动词的形式；根据非谓 语动词和谓语动词的先后关系，可以判断非

9、谓语动词的时态。2. to be done, done, being done的选择是考试的易错点。虽然这三者都表示被动意义, 但所表示的吋间不同。done表示已经发生的动作；to be done表示将要发生的动作；being done表示止在进行 的动作。匚突破重点难点.把脉高考探究什么一、非谓语动词作主语1. 动迩司作主语（2013浙江高考）hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增如额外的乐趣。it is no use crying

10、over spilt milk（动名词短语作主语,it作形式主语）覆水难收。2. 不定式作主语、，to see is to believe./seeing is believing.眼见为实。it is important to respect people.（不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语）尊重别人很重要。二、非谓语动词作表语1. 动名词作表语吋，说明主语的性质或特征。the ant queen's work is laying eggs.蚁后的工作就是产卵。2. 不定式作表语吋，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。his ambition is to go to harva

11、rd university.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。三、非谓语动词作宾语1 动词 afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等后要接不定式作宾语。david refused to accept my invitation.人卫拒绝接受我的邀请。2. 动词come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为"逐渐地”。she has a hot temper, but you will grow to like h

12、er.她脾冬很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。3. 动i讨 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等后要接动诃形式作宾语。bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the expo during the vacation.比尔建议牙一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。4. zjji诃短语 can&

13、#39;t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote.to, object to, be busy （in）, get down to, have difficulty/troublc （in）, have a good/wondcrful/hard time （in）, have fun 等后要接动词-ing 形式作宾语。（2010上海高考）1 had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that

14、 restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。5. 动词like, love, prefer, hate, continue等后接不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语均可。 但表示经常性的动作要用动词-ing形式，表示具体的行为要用不定式。i like swimming, but i don't like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。6. 动词need, require, want作“需要”讲吋，其后要用动词-ing形式的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve得”。the window nee

15、ds clcaning/to be clcancd.窗户需要擦了。7. 形容词worth后要接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用the summer palace is worth visiting/worthy of being visited/worthy to be visited.颐和 园值得一去。8. 介词后一般要接动词-ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语吋，如血 而有实义动词do,不定式就要省略s。upon airiving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.刚到

16、机场，他就发表了重要演讲。he has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。9. 动词find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后 要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用i（作形式宾语。he found it difficult to work out the problem.他发现解决这一问题很难。10. 可用动词-ing,也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：to do slh.忘记去做某事（耒做）f°gct doing sth.忘记做过某事（已

17、做）regreto do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做） doing sth.対做过的事表示后悔（已做）jto do sth.尽力去做某事【doing sth.试着做某事jto do sth.继续做另一件事 doing sth.继续做原来做的事jto do sth.记着去做某事（未做） 沁mbe仏两h.记着做了某事（己做）to do sth打算做某事 doing sth.意味着做某事（2009陕西高考）1 still remember being taken to the famen temple and what i saw there. 我仍记彳号岂人競我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看

18、到的一切。（2012安徽高考）1 remembered to lock the door before i left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是忘记了关灯。四、非谓语动词作定语1 现在分词（触语）作定语与所修饰的名词z间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作 的主动和芈行。、（2013辽宁高考）laura was away in paris for over a week.when she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.laura

19、去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，冇一大堆邮件等着她（处理）。2.过去分词（短语）作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动 或完成。（2013湖南高考）丫011 cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts. 你不能接受别人提供给你的意见，除非它冇事实依据。3不定式作定语表未做的事情；动词ing形式作定语表示此动作与被修饰词之间是主 动关系；过去分词作定语时表示此动作与被修饰词z间是被动关系或已完成。his first book to be published next mont

20、h is based on a true story.他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing翌式，意为“令人的”；动词-cd形式，意为“（人） 感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。五、非谓语动词作状语（一）不定式作状语1. 表目的（20131丨丨东高考）1 stopped the car to take a short break as i was fccline tired.由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。2表示结果不定式作结、果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词

21、不定式前面常加onlye（20121丨【东高考）george returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子己经离他而去。（二）现在分词作状语现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或儿乎同时发生，与句了的主语 是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动作z前。（2013湖南高考）the sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light. 太阳开拔在至t

22、升起，使山峦沐浴在金色光辉之中。（2013-新课标卷 ii ）1 got to the office earlier that day, having caught the 7 : 30 train from paddington.那天我比平吋到办公宗的吋间要早，因为我赶上了 7 ： 30从paddington来的火车。（2012重庆高考）having been asked to work overtime that evening, i missed a wonderful film（被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作z前）我那天晩上因为被要求加班而错过了一场粹彩的电影。（三）过去

23、分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语z间是被动关系。seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。，seeing from the top of the hilh we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发 现这个公园显得更加美丽。六、非谓语动词作宾补1.感官动词（词组）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补 足语冇四种形式，以see为例：doing

24、 sth.看见正做（宾语与宾补为逻do s（h.看见做了辑上的主动关系）see+宾语+<being done看见 被做done看见被做止在（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）（2012四川高考）1 looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its break我扌a头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。i heard an english song being sung by a little girl when i passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间吋，

25、我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。（被动，正在进行） i was surprised to find my hometown changed so much发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。2. 使役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况："do让做（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）（t+兵语+仏让被做、（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）"do让做（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）let+宾语+<,、占皿be done止被做、（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）don't let your child play with matches.别让你的

26、空玩火柴。(2() 13陕两高考)let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。(3)have+ 宾语+<do sth使 doing sth使做某事持续（宾语与宾补为逻'辑上的主动关系）done使被做（宾语与宾补为逻辑上 、的被动关系）（2011陕 西高考）claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.claire在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。、he had the

27、 light burning all night, which made his parents very angry他让灯亮了整晚，这 使他父母很生气。注意：©have sth.to do有事怙嘤做；have sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍” z意。i worf i have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。、z（宾语与宾 补为逻辑上 的主动关系）fm sorry, i can，t go out with you.i have an urgent thing to settle.对不起，我不能与

28、你一起 外出，我有一件紧急的事情耍处理。to do sth.使做、doing sth.使开始做（4）get+宾语+<done使被做（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）he got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。the captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了 片刻之jg 上尉 让士兵们”始、朝前线行进起來。(2010辽宁高考)alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical cir

29、cles.alexander试图使他的工作被医学界认可。<sb./sth.doing（表主动且进行，或表特征） sth.being done（表示被动且进行） sth.done（表被动且完成，或表状态） .sth.to do（表示将来）john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted i匸 约翰收到一份宴请函而n他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。with a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly electe

30、d president is having a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日了不好过。演练命题热点对接高考集训什么how to hold the party for several days, the1. （2014-四川省绵阳市第二次诊断）. children finally reached agreement.a. discussedb. discussingc to discussd. having discussed2. （2014-江西师人附中、鹰潭一中高三联考）一why do you hang that photograph above the fi

31、replace?一visitors of the memorial days of long march, sir.a. remindingb. to remindc. remindedd. reminds3. （2014-潍訪五校联考）many trees, flowers and grasslook even more beautiful.a. to be plantedb. being plantedc. plantingd. having planted4. （2014安徽马鞍山高三两校第二次统考）unfortunately we rushed the fallen old man t

32、ohospital, that we were responsible for him.a. only tellingb- only to tellc only toldd. only to be told5. （2014石家庄市高三模拟）when i got back home i saw a note pinned to the door,“sorry to miss you； 1 will call you later.v a. readb- readsc to readd. reading6. （2014-山东省胶东示范学校二模）more children in beijing wil

33、l reach school age next、 a shortage of primary school teachers in the capitala. createb. to createc creatingd. created7. （2014-济南 4 月巩固性训练）in my opinion, keeping dogs well.for dog owners.a. to ticb- being tiedc tiedd. to be tied8. （2014-济南市名校第四次诊断性测试）despite the government's measures to cool the

34、house market, housing demand in china still grew steadily in the second half of 2012,arapid rise in house prices.a. resulted inc resulting in9. （2014-四川省绵阳市第三次诊断）confident.a having dressedb. being dressedc. dressingd. dressed10. （2014-河南省普通高小适应性检测卷一）people spend many years learning aboutfavorite spo

35、rts andhow to do them well.practiceb. practicedpracticingd to practice（2014厦门适应性考试）helena was excited, just as i had imagined,our newly built school willyear,a.c.11.（导致）b.pet.up is advisablein the second half of 2012,to result ind. being resulted inin her favorite skirt, she seemed to be moreher losta. findingb. foundc. having foundd. to find12. （2014-东北四市模拟一 ）一what