以体面工作主导的经济发展过程PPT课件

1、Decent Work led Economic Development Process以体面工作主导的经济发展过程以体面工作主导的经济发展过程What is Decent Work? 体面工作是什么？体面工作是什么？concept of decent work encompasses both individual and collective dimensions (C87 & 98)体面劳动的理念包括个人和体面劳动的理念包括个人和集体层面（第集体层面（第87号和号和98号公约）号公约） productive employment & sustainable enterpr

2、ises 多产的就业和持续的企业多产的就业和持续的企业Standards & basic rights at work工作中的标准和基本权利工作中的标准和基本权利social protection/social security for all人人享有社会保护人人享有社会保护/社会保障社会保障Promotion of Social dialogue, Including Collective bargaining 促进社会对话，集体谈判促进社会对话，集体谈判 principle: All those who work, have rights at work! 原则：所原则：所有的工人

3、都享有工作中的权利有的工人都享有工作中的权利lFreedom of association & recognition of the right to collective bargaining 结社自由与认可集体谈判权结社自由与认可集体谈判权lNo forced/compulsory labour 无强迫劳动无强迫劳动lNo child labour 无童工劳动无童工劳动lElimination of discrimination in employment and occupation 消除就消除就业和职业中的歧视业和职业中的歧视. a global social floor? W

4、hat can be added to this? 一个全球社一个全球社会底线？还能增加什么内容？会底线？还能增加什么内容？Pre-conditions for Decent Work: Fundamental Rights at Work体面劳动的前提：工作中的基本权利体面劳动的前提：工作中的基本权利 Core Labour Standards 核心核心劳劳工工标标准准Freedom from DiscriminationFreedom from DiscriminationEqualEqualRemuneration,Remuneration,19511951C. 100C. 100Dis

5、criminationDiscrimination(Employment &(Employment &Occupation), 1958Occupation), 1958C. 111C. 111Freedom of AssociationFreedom of AssociationFreedom ofFreedom ofAssociation,Association,19481948C. 87C. 87Right toRight toCollectiveCollectiveBargaining, Bargaining, 4949C. 98C. 98Freedom from Fo

6、rced LabourFreedom from Forced LabourForced Labour,Forced Labour,19301930C. 29C. 29Abolition ofAbolition ofForced Labour,Forced Labour,19571957C. 105C. 105Minimum Age for EmploymentMinimum Age for EmploymentMinimum AgeMinimum Agefor Employment,for Employment,19731973C. 138C. 138Worst Forms ofWorst F

7、orms ofChild Labour,Child Labour,19991999C. 182C. 182If work is to be decent, it must be safe!安全的工作，才是体面的安全的工作，才是体面的Every year around 337 million people are victims of work accidents about 1.1 m people die in Asia because of occupational injuries or work-related diseases 每年约有3.37亿人是工作事故的受害者，由于职业事故和疾

8、病，亚洲约有110万人死去The poorest, least protected, least informed and least trained are the most affected - adverse impact on human lives, healthcare costs & on economy最贫困、受保护最少、获得信息最少、接受培训最少的群体是最受影响的，对人的生活、医疗成本以及经济会产生负面影响Improving safety & health at work & social protection for workers is a key

9、 element in realizing the goals of the Asian Decent Work Decade 改善对工人的工作安全与卫生以及社会保护是实现亚洲体面劳动十年目标的重要内容Decent work: mainstreaming gender体面劳动：性别主流化体面劳动：性别主流化A gender perspective is a matter of human right - helps to 性别视角是一种人权，有利于性别视角是一种人权，有利于Analyse economic and social roles 分析经济和社会角色分析经济和社会角色Identify

10、forces leading to inequality 明确导致不平等的因素明确导致不平等的因素Address “de-jure” and “de-facto” discrimination 应对实际和法律上的应对实际和法律上的歧视歧视Promotes efficiency & inclusive policies 提倡效率和包容性的政策提倡效率和包容性的政策What is the current situation in China? 中国当前的情况中国当前的情况Employment? 就业？就业？Wages and collective bargaining? 工资和集体谈判？工

11、资和集体谈判？Social Protection? 社会保护？社会保护？Labour standards & workers rights? Migrant workers? 劳工标准与工人权利？移民工人？劳工标准与工人权利？移民工人？Women workers work & lives? 女性工人的生活与工作？女性工人的生活与工作？Trade Union Concerns 工会的关注工会的关注Where are the jobs? Not only unemployment but also underemployment 工作在哪里？不仅有失业，还有就业不足的问题工作在哪里

12、？不仅有失业，还有就业不足的问题60% of the A-P workers (1.1 billion), are in vulnerable employment; South Asia: 77%, South-East Asia: 62% and East Asia:51%.亚太地区亚太地区60%（11亿）的工人处于脆弱就业状态。（南亚：亿）的工人处于脆弱就业状态。（南亚：77%，东南亚：，东南亚：62%，东亚：东亚：51%）For every unemployed adult, there are about 3-5 unemployed youth; 每一个成人失业，就有对应的每一个成

13、人失业，就有对应的3-5名青年失业名青年失业Unionization rates: 3% - 19%; & declining 建会率：建会率：3-19%；正在下降；正在下降Access to safe drinking water? Housing? Sanitation? Health care? What else?获得安全饮用水？住房？卫生？医疗？还有什么？获得安全饮用水？住房？卫生？医疗？还有什么？Over dependence on exports & western markets 过度依赖出口和过度依赖出口和西方市场西方市场Exports contributed

14、 between 1/3rd and 50% of the growth of income in China before the crisis. Whats more, there is high import content of exports. 危机前，出口占中国收入增长的危机前，出口占中国收入增长的1/3-50%。此外，出口还有很高的进口色彩。此外，出口还有很高的进口色彩。(Source: )For economic & social stability at home China, like other Asian co

15、untries, needs development & expansion of domestic markets/consumption this implies Decent Work & respect for fundamental labour standards. 为了国内的经济与社会稳定为了国内的经济与社会稳定-中国像中国像其他亚洲国家一样，需要发展和扩大国内市场与消费，这意味着体其他亚洲国家一样，需要发展和扩大国内市场与消费，这意味着体面劳动以及尊重基本的劳工标准。面劳动以及尊重基本的劳工标准。Why Labour Standards?为什么是劳工标准？为什么

16、是劳工标准？Are labour standards only a question of rights of workers? 劳工标准仅仅是工人的劳工标准仅仅是工人的“权利权利”问题吗？问题吗？Voice, representation & participation 声音，代表权与参与声音，代表权与参与权权What role do FoA, Collective Bargaining, Social Security & safe & healthy working conditions play in economic development? 结社自由、集体谈

17、判、社会保障以及安全结社自由、集体谈判、社会保障以及安全卫生的工作条件在经济发展中发挥什么作用？卫生的工作条件在经济发展中发挥什么作用？Acceptance of Decent Work as a goal implies changing approach and policies towards labour, employment & economic growth.接受将体面劳动作为一项目标，意味着要改变关于劳工、接受将体面劳动作为一项目标，意味着要改变关于劳工、就业和经济增长的方法与政策。就业和经济增长的方法与政策。Limitations of Export led mode

18、l 出口导向模式的限制出口导向模式的限制Country becomes internationally competitive by一国具有国际一国具有国际竞争力是因为竞争力是因为 - keeping wages low, 保持工资低水平保持工资低水平 - suppressing domestic consumption压制国际消费压制国际消费 - keeping exchange rate of the currency low (weakening of domestic currency).保持低水平的货币汇率（削弱国内货币）保持低水平的货币汇率（削弱国内货币）Employment do

19、es not increase much since domestic demand and domestic market remain limited. Gains from growth are invested abroad (often).就业不会大幅增加，因为国内需求与国内就业不会大幅增加，因为国内需求与国内市场仍然受限。增长的收益往往用于国外投资。市场仍然受限。增长的收益往往用于国外投资。If all countries are becoming export oriented, competition increases, prices keep falling and gai

20、ns start declining.如果所如果所有国家都成为出口导向型，竞争力增加，价格不断下降，收益会开始有国家都成为出口导向型，竞争力增加，价格不断下降，收益会开始下降。下降。Wages & labour standards led model 工资及劳工标准导向型模式工资及劳工标准导向型模式Requires wages to grow along with labour productivity increases domestic demand and domestic market 要求工资随劳要求工资随劳动生产率增长而增长动生产率增长而增长-增加国内需求和国家市场增加国内

21、需求和国家市场When wage employment increases, demand for products & services of the self-employed also goes up 当工资就业增加时，对当工资就业增加时，对灵活就业者的产品和服务的需求也会增加灵活就业者的产品和服务的需求也会增加Same effect on the economy if labour standards are ensured through sharing in gains of growth & spread of purchasing powers. 如果能保证劳工

22、标准的实施，共享发展成果，提高人民的购买如果能保证劳工标准的实施，共享发展成果，提高人民的购买力，对经济也会产生同样的效果，力，对经济也会产生同样的效果，Requires respect for collective bargaining & effective minimum wage increases 要求尊重集体谈判，并增加有效的最低工资要求尊重集体谈判，并增加有效的最低工资Negotiating for Change at National level 在国家层面协商进行改变在国家层面协商进行改变Ensure Right to Organize & Right to

23、Collective Bargaining! 确保组织权与集体谈判权确保组织权与集体谈判权Set nationwide floor labour standards that apply to all workers & employers (de-link labour standards from permanency of employment); Roof to be attained thru Collective Bargaining the right to which should be ensured. 制定全国最低劳工标准，适用于所有工人和雇主（将劳工制定全国最低劳

24、工标准，适用于所有工人和雇主（将劳工 标准与永久标准与永久 就业脱钩）；通过集体谈判实现，确保集体就业脱钩）；通过集体谈判实现，确保集体 谈判权谈判权What should be these minimum standards? 这些最低标准应该是什么？这些最低标准应该是什么？Informal employment/underemployment非正规就业非正规就业/就业不足就业不足Precarious employment不稳定就业不稳定就业 StandardEmployment标准就业标准就业TU members工会成员工会成员Union Actions for whom? 为谁开展的工会行动为谁开展的工会行动ADVOCACY 倡议倡议CAPACITY 能力建设能力建设 BUILDINGKNOWLEDGE 知识开发知识开发DEVELOPMENTNEED TO