2019-2020学年高中英语阶段综合测评4(含解析)9

1、学必求其心得，业必贵于专精1 阶段综合测评 ( 四）（时间： 100分钟；满分： 120分) . 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题 2分，满分 30分)aplants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems。global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and ani

2、mal species around the world，changing some living patterns，scientists say.increased carbon dioxide （co2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen，while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“predicting spec

3、ies reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, ” said the researchers of several us。 universities 。 they said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.the study ，published on the natur

4、e website ，uses the findings from 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2 plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1，634 species. it found that some experiments had underestimated （低估 ) the speed of flowering by 8 。5 times and leafing by 4 times.“across all species ， the experiments under 。predict

5、ed the speed of the advance for both leafing and flowering that results from temperature increases， the study said 。the design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said。plants are necessary for life on the earth. they are the bas

6、e of the food chain， using photosynthesis （光合作用） to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water 。 they let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0。8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979。

7、so far，efforts to cut emissions（排放)of planet.warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精3 crop

8、 failures and rising sea levels。【语篇解读】本文为科普类文章 .文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。1what is the key information the author wants to give in paragraph 1？aplants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems 。b the increa sing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation 。ccl

9、imate change leads to the change of food production patterns.dfood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.【解析】细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which 所引导的定语从句上。根据“plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测） 可知,作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预测。故选b。a 为次要信息。【答案】b2we can learn from the s

10、tudy published on the naturewebsite that 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精4 aplants flowering is 8 。5 times faster than leafingbthere are 1,634 plant species on the fourcontinentscscientists should improve the design of theexperimentsdthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change【 解 析 】细 节 理 解 题

11、.根 据 第 五 段 “ it found that some experiments had underestimated（低估） the speed of flowering by 8。5 times and leafing by 4 times.”可知暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选c。【答案】c3 scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because athey can prove the climate change clearlybthey are very important in th

12、e food chainscthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingdthey are growing and flowering much faster than before学必求其心得，业必贵于专精5 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“they said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services

13、。 ”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选b。【答案】b4what can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world s temperature?ait has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979 。bits change will lead to weather extremes。c it is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.dit needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.

14、【解析】推理判断题。从倒数第二段“。.。has risen by about 0.8 since 1900 ，and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979。 ” 可知 a、c 项错误 ;从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2,便会出现 weather extremes 。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在 2的范围之内。故答案选d。【答案】db学必求其心得，业必贵于专精6 the production of coffee beans is a huge， profitable business, but ，unfortunately，full-

15、sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. the change in how coffee is grown from shade 。grown production to full.sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.on a local level ， the damag

16、e of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals。the shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species （物种 ) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. full 。sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. as a result，many species are quickly dying o

17、ut.on a more global level ， the destruction of the rainforest for full.sun coffee fields also threatens ( 威胁） human life。 medical research often makes use of the forest s plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.in ad

18、dition， new coffee.growing techniques are poisoning the water locally ，and eventually the worlds groundwater。both locally and globally ， the continued spread of full.sun coffee plantations ( 种植园 ) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精7 the loss of shade trees is already

19、 causing a slight change in the world s climate ， and studies show that the loss of oxygen。 giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic ( 酸性的） soil conditions。it is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many

20、 aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology。 but consumers do have a choice。 they can purchase shade 。grown coffee whenever possible ， although at a higher cost. the future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee。【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。咖

21、啡豆的新的种植技术带来了很大的利润，但与此同时也给我们带来了很多危害，影响我们生活的各个层面，因此我们要做出正确的选择。5what can we learn about full 。sun coffee production from paragraph 4 ？ait limits the spread of new growing techniques.bit leads to air pollution and global warming 。cit slows down the loss of shade trees.dit improves local soil conditions.

22、学必求其心得，业必贵于专精8 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“。.the loss of oxygen 。giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming。”可知 b 项正确。由第四段第一句可知，是扩大了而不是限制了新种植技术的传播， 故 a 项错误 ;它破坏了雨林生态系统， 而不是减慢了这些树的丧失速度，故 c 项错误;由第四段最后一句可知 ,这种新的种植技术导致了酸性土壤状况而不是改进了土壤状况，故d 项错误。【答案】b6the purpose of the text is to aentertain badver

23、tisecinstruct dpersuade【解析】观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，旨在说服大家做出正确的选择， 故选 d 项 persuade（说服).entertain娱乐， advertise做广告，instruct指导，均不合适。【答案】d7where does this text probably come from?aan agricultural magazine 。ba medical journal.学必求其心得，业必贵于专精9 can engineering textbook.da tourist guide 。【解析】推理判

24、断题 .本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，这属于农学的范畴，因此最有可能出自一本农学杂志，故选 a 项。b 项 a medical journal( 一本医学杂志），c 项 an engineering textbook( 一本工程教科书） ,d 项 a tourist guide(一本旅行指南)，均不正确 .【答案】a8which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(p:paragraph)【解析】文章结构题 .通读全文可知，文章第一段从整体上介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来的危害,中间第二、三、四段详

25、细介绍了具体的危害，最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各学必求其心得，业必贵于专精10 个层面，消费者要做出正确的选择。因此，整篇文章属于“总分总结构,故选 a 项。【答案】acwhat theresa loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.on a mere 1/10 of an acre in los angeles ，loe and her family grow ，can（装罐 )and preserve much of the

26、 food they consume 。loe is a master food preserver， gardener and canning expert。 she also operates a website ，where she shares her tips and recipes,with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.loe initially went to school to become an engineer ，but she

27、 quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food。 “i got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草)and foods for that fresh flavor， ”she said 。engineer by day,loe learned cooking at night school.she ultimately purchased a small piece of lan

28、d with her husband and began growing their own foods。“ i teach peop le how to live farm 。fresh without a farm ， ”loe said 。学必求其心得，业必贵于专精11 through her website loe emphasizes that“ anybody can do this anywhere. ”got an apartment with a balcony（阳台 )？ plant some herbs 。a window? perfect spot for growin

29、g.start with herbs,she recommends,because “theyre very forgiving。 ”just a little of the herbs “ can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，she added. “i think its a great place to start.” then？ try growing something from a seed， she said ，like a tomato or some tea.canning is a natural extens

30、ion of the planting she does.with every planted food，loe noted，theres a moment when it s bursting with its absolute peak flavor 。 “i try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar， ”loe said 。“canning for me is about knowing whats in your food， knowing where it comes from. ”in addition to being

31、more in touch with the food shes eating ，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children ： “ influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,”she said, “that if we dont take care of

32、the earth ，no one will.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文 .theresa loe 是一个热爱生活学必求其心得，业必贵于专精12 的人，她用自己的方式带领全家在现代生活中找到一条特有的自给自足的生活方式 .不仅如此，她还想用这种方式来教育自己的孩子们从小就要树立保护地球的意识。9 the underlined word“ prerequisite” (para 。1） is closest in meaning to “”arecipe bsubstitutecrequirement dchallenge【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的a large farm和第二

33、句可知，很多人都以为要做到自给自足就要有一个大农场，但是在 loe 看来，大农场并不是这种生活方式的必要条件，只要另辟蹊径，就能找到解决问题的方法.由此可知画线的单词与requirement意思最接近，所以选择c 项。【答案】c10why does loe suggest starting with herbs？athey are used daily。bthey are easy to grow.cthey can grow very tall 。dthey can be eaten uncooked.学必求其心得，业必贵于专精13 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第四段中的because “ t

34、hey re very forgiving。可知， loe 建议从种植香草开始，是因为这种植物对你的要求不苛刻 ,很容易成活，所以选择 b 项.而根据下一句话可知把香草作为调料会让你做的饭味道大大改善,但是不能由此推断出这种调料每天都被使用，所以不能选择a 项。c 项和 d 项在文中没有提及。【答案】b11according to loe,what is the benefit of canning her planted foods？ait can preserve their best flavor 。bit can promote her online sales 。cit can be

35、tter her cooking skills.dit can improve their nutrition。【解析】推理判断题 .根据第五段中的“it s bursting with its absolute peak flavor 和“ keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar”可知，loe 这样做是为了最大限度地保存食物最好的味道，与a 项中的preserve their best flavor 吻合.由此可以排除 b、c、d 三项. 【答案】a学必求其心得，业必贵于专精14 dwhen a leafy plant is under atta

36、ck,it doesn t sit quietly.back in 1983,two scientists,jack schultz and ian baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get 。these chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm 。what the plants

37、pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，vocs for short.scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out vocs when being attacked 。its a plants way of crying out.but is anyone listening？apparently。because we can watch the neighbors react.some plants p

38、ump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.but others do double duty。they pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers 。once they arrive， the tables are turned the attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch。in study after study ，it appears that

39、 these chemical conversations help the neighbors 。the damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精15 the neighbors ，relatively speaking ，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.does this mean that plants talk to each other？scientists dont know.maybe the fir

40、st plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches,and so，in effect,was talking to itself.perhaps the neighbors just happened to “ overhear” the cry.so information was exchanged ，but it wasnt a true，intentional back and forth 。charles darwin,over 150 years ago，imagined a w

41、orld far busier，noisier and more intimate( 亲密的 )than the world we can see and hear 。our senses are weak。 there s a whole lot going on。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。12what does a plant do when it is under attack？ait makes noises.bit gets help from other plants 。cit stands qui

42、etly 。dit sends out certain chemicals。【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“。 .reported that young 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精16 maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get 。these chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. 可知，植物受到袭击时会散发出一种特殊的气味， 而

43、这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质，故选 d 项。a、b 两项无中生有， 文章并没有提及制造声响和从其他植物那儿获取帮助的信息;c 项曲解文意,第一段中的“. 。it doesnt sit quietly.不等于“it stands quietly。”。【答案】d13 what does the author mean by “ the tables are turned in paragraph 3?athe attackers get attacked。bthe insects gather under the table.cthe plants get ready to fight back

44、.dthe perfumes attract natural enemies。【 解析】句意猜测题.根据第三段中的“ they pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.( 它们散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫,这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌) ”，以及画线部分后的“ the attacker who was lunching now 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精17 becomes lunch.（正在吃午餐的袭击者现在就变成了午餐)可知，画线部分的意思是袭

45、击者受到了它的天敌的袭击,故选 a 项。b、c 两项无中生有，文中未提及b 项“昆虫聚集在桌子下 、c 项“植物们准备还击”； d 项“气味吸引了天敌 ，文中确实提到此事，但它提到的是吸引了袭击者的天敌。【答案】a14scientists find from their studies that plants can apredict natural disastersbprotect themselves against insectsctalk to one another intentionallydhelp their neighbors when necessary【解析】推理判断题

46、。根据第三段中的“some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. ”和“ they pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers 。”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害，故选b 项。a 项无中生有，文中并未提及a 项“预测自然灾害”； c 项曲解文意，根据第五段最后一句可知， “植物不是在彼此故意交谈;d项中的 when necessary 与文意不符。学必求其心得，业必贵于专

47、精18 【答案】b15what can we infer from the last paragraph？athe world is changing faster than ever。bpeople have stronger senses than before.cthe world is more complex than it seems.dpeople in darwin s time were more imaginative 。【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱,我们还有很长的路要走。 由此可知 ,

48、世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂，故选 c 项。a 项无中生有，最后一段并没有提及世界变化快慢的信息;b 项颠倒是非，最后一段说人们的感官很弱，而b 项“人们有比以前更强的感官” ,两者正好相反； d 项偷换概念 ,文章只是说“达尔文设想” ,并没有说达尔文时期的人们想象力更加丰富.【答案】c.阅读七选五 (共 5小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10分）how to make someone feel good about bad gradesacknowledge that the subject might have been difficult for them。学必求其心得，业必贵于专精19

49、 16 sometimes it s also good to slightly point out a different area or subject that you have trouble with, just to assure them that they arent the only ones struggling with something.17 help them on any questions they are confused with, and if they still don t get it, talk it over with them ！ ask th

50、em if they would like some extra help with that specific part。getting extra help is a good idea if they are struggling with something others in the class are understanding。encourage them to communicate 。18 encourage the student to talk to their teacher about what the teacher isnt doing well or what

51、they could do to do better.be supportive.nobody likes getting bad grades，especially if they felt that they honestly did work really hard。19 let them know that it isnt the end for them. they still have a lot of opportunities to achieve。give them words of courage and express the importance of attitude

52、。20 you should let them know that if they want to succeed they will need to hang on to their patience and determination。patience and determination should not conflict with each other。 most of successful 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精20 people were driven by the determination to succeed in their soul。akeep track of y

53、our grades.beverybody has strengths and weaknesses。csometimes, teachers have no idea whether or not a teaching method is successful 。dbad grades wont bring you a bad future， but a bad attitude will do。e ask them what specific part of the course or test they have trouble on.fthis will improve your br

54、ainpower and you will be able to memorize more information at school.glet them know that you re there to help them if they need it and that youre su re they ll do better next time.【答案】1620 becgd。完形填空（共20小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 30分)hidden passengers traveling in ships，trains，or even cars can be a terrible tro

55、ubleespecially when they are insects 。as for this,there is a great 21 between human beings and insects.the former 22 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精21 every possible effort to avoid being discovered ， while the latter quickly 23 attention to themselves 。we can only show mercy to the 24 man who had to stop his car soo

56、n after 25 from a country village to drive to london.hearing a strange noise from the 26 of the car，he naturally got out to 27 the wheels carefully ，but he found nothing wrong，so he 28 his way.again the noise began 29 and became even louder。quickly 30 his head ，the man saw what appeared to be a grea

57、t 31 cloud following the car.when he stopped at a village further on，he was told that a queen bee must be hidden in his car as there were thousands of bees 32 on learning this ， the man drove away as quickly as possible。 after an hours 33 driving，he arrived safely in london ，where he parked his car

58、outside a 34 and went in.it was not long 35 a customer who had seen him arrive 36 in to inform him that his car was 37 with bees.the poor driver was 38 that the best way should be to call a 39 in a short time the man arrived 。he found the unwelcome passenger 学必求其心得，业必贵于专精22 hidden near the wheels at

59、 the back of the car。very thankful to the driver for this 40 gift,the bee.keeper took the queen and her thousands of followers home in a large box.【语篇解读】旅途中的船、火车甚至是汽车上的藏匿者会是个大麻烦，尤其是昆虫的时候.本文讲了一个从乡村驱车去往伦敦的人，车上藏了一只蜂王继而被一群蜜蜂追随一路，到达伦敦后找到一位养蜂人才解决了这一问题。21a。connection bdifferenceccommunication dsimilarity【解

60、析】后文的语境告诉我们，这里应该选difference, 因为人会尽力躲藏 ,以免被人发现，而昆虫却恰恰相反。【答案】b22a.do btakecmake dtry【解析】make every possible effort 是固定短语， 意思是“尽一切努力”，相当于try ones best 。【答案】c23a.give bkeep学必求其心得，业必贵于专精23 cpay ddraw【解析】draw attention to sb. 是一个常见的搭配，意思是“引起某人注意”.former意思是“前者”， latter意思是“后者”。【答案】d24a.unfortunate bcareless