浙江省英语高考讲座

1、2007 浙江省英语高考讲座（隆高 林仙整理）综述： 试卷难度 0、6 左右考生近 40 万命题原则： 政治性（无政治敏感题、无争议题、讲政治）公平性（人选、内容、难度）科学性（不超纲、不出错、不重复、不大起大落）导向性（回归教材，回归教学大纲、贴近时代和生活、关注社会）单选题的几个关注点： （常规题略）1省略结构的使用省略是近几年高考命题中的热点之一，命题者常把一个完整结构中的部分内容（从句、介词短语、不定式的某一成分）省略。但是省略的成分仍然会传达一定的信息。所以要学会根据语言结构和语境，补全省略部分，还原完整句子。例如：1）the research is so designed that

2、 once _ nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun 答案： d “once begun ”可视为一固定表达，补全为“once it is begun,”类似的有 (once done, once seen, once remembered ) 2）the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him _. a. not to b. not to do c. not do it

3、d. do not do 答案： a 根据 tell sb. (not ) to do sth 结构，可首先排除c, d，再结合不定式的有关知识排除b。2被动结构的使用考生对主动结构较为熟悉， 而对被动结构把握不足， 命题者为了测试考生的应变能力，设计含有被动结构的试题。故要学会还原成主动结构。例如：1）the _ boy was last seen _ near the east lake. a. missing; playing b. missing; play c. missed; played d. missed; to play 答案： a 因为 missing 是“ 失踪的 ” 意

4、思，而 missed没有这个意思，先排除c、d；再将被动结构还原成主动结构为 “someone last saw the missing boy _(playing / play) near the east lake.”，这就不难选出 playing 为答案了。 playing 在此作宾语补足语，表示当时动作正在进行。2）charles babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. a. to have invented b. inventing c. to invent d. having invented 答案： a cons

5、ider 一词有两种搭配： “consider doing sth.”，与“consider sb. to do sth”，我们将原题题干还原成主动结构 “people generally consider charles babbage. ”就不难看出本题属于后一种搭配的语态变体，再结合时间概念，便可确定a 为最佳答案。3固定结构的变形使用每年高考试题中都有大量的考查固定搭配的题目，为了有区分度， 试题中把固定结构拆开， 放在不同的语言单位里， 这就给考生的正常思维制造了障碍。这也就要求考生根据结构中心词联想整个短语。例如：1）in the dark street there weren?t

6、 a single person _ she could turn for help. a. that b. who c. from who d. to whom 答案： d 该题考查定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法，解题的关键是考生是否掌握了turn to sb. for help这一固定词组，如能依据中心词turn for help联想到整个词组，便可判断出正确d 答案。2）she looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. a. paying a visit b. visit c. walk in d. walking

7、in 答案： d 本题考查固定搭配look forward to，其中 to 是介词，后面应接名词或v-ing。命题者有意在短语中加上 every spring，使这一固定结构拆开， 只要考生能把握中心词look forward 联想到 look forward to，选出 d 为正确答案就不难了。4插入语的使用题干中增加插入语（如表示观点、看法的短语等），打破了句子原由的结构和平衡，影响了考生的解题思路。这就要求考生有意识去掉插入语，还其本来面目。例如：1） what do you think made mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. a. as she

8、lost b. lost c. losing d. because of losing 答案： c 由于 do you think 是插入语，去掉之后，便知与what 相对应的名词词组选项是c，即动名词短语作主语。2）dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. a. who b. which c. this d. what 答案： b 由于 of course的使用，使非限定性定语从句与主语分开，增加了理解的难度。去掉插入语，选择 which

9、 指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句就不难了。5逻辑主语的使用动名词、不定式带上自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词、不定式的复合结构，与句子其他成分隔开。这就增加了句子的理解难度。考生务必要学会化繁为简。例如：1）how about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? a. to take b. take c. taking d. to be taking 答案： c 如果能看出 the two of us为逻辑主语并将其去掉，就能选出c 为正确答案，因为what (how) about后通常接名词、代词或动名词结构。一些常用词的归类集合名词： ba

10、ggage clothing equipment furniture luggage people police cattle class enemy family government group public 常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford agree ask beg care choose decide determine expect fail happen hope prepare pretend promise refuse request wait wish 常接不定式作宾补的动词：advice allow ask beg cause declare encourage e

11、xpect forbid force invite order permit persuade press request remind teach tell want warn wish 常接动名词作宾语的动词：admit advise allow appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape excuse finish forbid forgive imagine deep mention mind miss practice permit suggest 完形命题：1测试目标： 词汇，语法（只涉及词法），迅速找准主题、理清文章层次（时间、因果、

12、并列、转折、顺序及递进） ，推理，就近，了解作者观点（主旨考查）2命题特点：1）文章长度控制在280个单词左右，挖空间距平均为14 个，填空分布点力求均衡。2）为使学生更容易把握全文中心思想，文章第一句往往是一个完整的句子。3）被选答案以实词为主，包括(n. v. adv. adj. ) ，占本题总分的 85%；而虚词（ prep. conj.）则占15%。4）文章选材常常的记叙文为主，同时有夹叙夹议的形式， 而且所选的文章通常情节生动有趣。5）从备选答案看，答案选择不是以语法选择、介词选择或短语搭配为主，而是侧重于对语境的理解以及对上下文的推理判断，占80%左右。干扰项反映学生典型错误3挖空

13、题举例：traveling west, you set your click _; traveling east, you set it ahead. a. behind b. forward c. back d. ahead c many old people don?t have good _. they can?t watch tv , but they can listen to music or news over the radio. a. hearing b. health c. eyesight d. time c they _ potatoes in different wa

14、ys. they can boil them and fry them. a. cook b. eat c. make d. take c some people in india do not eat meat or fish _. a. after all b. first of all c. at all d. all too often c the world?s population is becoming _.a. faster and faster b. more and more c. larger and larger d. bigger and bigger c ella

15、was a middle-aged lady with her only john in a small house. she _ john very much. a. trusted b. waited on c. loved d. depended on c 4拟选项做题步骤：（fast reading, repeat reading, extra reading and check reading）1重视首句、快速浏览2寻找重复、逻辑分析（信号词）虚词 20% conj. prep. （信息词）实词 80% n./pron. adj./ adv. 3. 认真复查、回顾推敲复习建议：1）理

16、顺人物关系，了解其相互关系2）归纳文章中心，理性推理每个问题3）巧用五个 “w ” ， （what, how, why, where, when ）透彻理解文章发展方向4）融人作者创设的故事景，体会故事中人物的感受5）善于运用文化、社会等背景知识，帮助理解文章博大不如精深、培养语感、慎选教材阅读命题：信息量大，对阅读速度的要求进一步提高；语篇意识加强，选材贴近生活、渗透文化意识，强调实际应用；设题手法灵活，提问深入，不仅要理解字面意思，还要理解内在含义；生词率贴近教材，命题者着重考查考生利用同义词、反义词、构词法语法、 语篇文脉来判断生词的能力；1信息和重复2一个中心（对应法）3两个基本点（词

17、汇、语法）4三个把握1）对文本语段的把握（题材：不考背景知识、关注热点题材）（体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文）2）对题干选项的把握（题干：细节认定、词汇指代、逻辑推理、主旨大义）（选项：正误选项）3）对考生的自我把握（重视节奏，找平衡点）5四种能力（标注、概括、猜测、预测）阅读复习建议：1熟悉“ 考纲” 中对阅读理解题的要求及题型2加强现时阅读训练，提高阅读速度3加强学习指导，有针对性的方法训练4精选不同体裁的阅读材料另外，也可按文体重组教材优化高三复习reading 部分包括了记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文等多种体裁，重新整理组合，将相同的文体课文组合在一个复习单元中， 然后结合各种文

18、体的写作特点指导学生了解各种文章的行文结构、语言特色，使学生知道在阅读文章时如何通过文章的结构和写作思路去理解文章，从而提高阅读速度和质量，这样的环环相扣，有效地利用了教材，缩短了复习周期，优化了复习质量。 （例如：以人物类记叙文为例的做法）1整体阅读，感受人物类记叙文的结构特点高中教材中有关人物介绍的文章共有5 篇： book 1 unit 5 getting to know steven spielburg(斯匹尔博 ); unit 17 alone in antarctica; book 2 unit 1 no boundaries; unit 12 jules verne, the f

19、ather of science fiction; unit 14 i have a dream. 阅读思考： 1）人物类记叙文主要介绍哪些内容？2）文章以什么方式展开？3）顺叙、插叙、及倒叙各有什么特点？2以文体为介，读写结合，以读促写在进行人物类记叙文这一专题复习时，将文体知识、阅读、写作三者结合起来，使其相得益彰，相互促进。单词拼写题：单词拼写是我省2005 年英语试卷中新增加的内容。 主要考查学生在句子中对词义的理解。该题型为 10 年以前高考题型。十年后再次出现。考查的单词均为基本词汇，难度不大。做这类题目，考生需要过三关。第一关，理解整个句子，确定词意；第二关，把握句子结构，确定词

20、性；第三关，依据句意及句子结构，确定词形的变化。2005 年该题考了 10 个单词，其中名词5 个，分别为 vegetables, finger, address, medicine和 neighbor，动词 3 个，分别为 written, invited 和 continued，副词和形容词各1 个，分别为immediately 和 famous。2006 年单词拼写题不仅考查考生基础词汇的掌握，而且涉及了基本词法和句法知识，有些单词需要考生在语境中加以考虑。 考查了 5个名词，分别为 magazine, breath, material, furniture 和 weather, 动词

21、2 个，分别为 wastes和 invented，形容词 3 个，cheap, joking和 equal。由于英语与汉语完全不同，所有单词都是以26 个字母为基础，成千上万的单词都是一些字母的组合， 如果不重视单词的正确拼写就会产生这样或那样的错误，单词拼写常见的错误有：1. 词义、词性、记忆混淆错误medicine (n.) medical(adj.) medicine (n.药) machine(n.机器) invite(v.邀请) invent(v.发明) imformation（ ）information （ ）2. 字母双写发单音的错误adress （ ）address （ ）wr

22、iten（ ）written （ ） imediately（ ）immediately （ ）3. 字母顺序颠倒形成的错误frist（ ）first（ ）ture（ ）ture （ ）4字母顺序颠倒形成词义不同的错误diary(日记)dairy( 牛奶厂 ) form(v.形成 n.形式)from( 从)5单词“ 派生” 过程中形成的错误explain(v) explaination（ ）explanation(n) （ ）invent(v) inventer（ ）inventor(n) （ ）6. 分词构成过程中形成的错误begin begining（ ）beginning （ ）write

23、 writed（ ）written （ ）hear heared（ ）heard （ ）7. 个别字母多拼或少拼形成的错误ordnary（ ）ordinary （ ）medcine（ ）, medicin（ ）medicine （ ）worest（ ）worst （ ）inviate（ ）invite （ ）goverment（ ）government （ ）8. 忽视不发音字母形成的错误exibition（ ）exhibition （ ）chrismas（ ）christmas （ ）此外，单词拼写是在一定的语境中出现，所以我们还要考虑词法和句法的正确性，也就是既要考虑单词在该句中的词意、时

24、态、和语态，又要考虑单词在句中的词形变化。例如05年第 72题：the rain continued for days, so we could not go out to play. 根据句意理解 “ 雨持续下了几天” ，选择词意 continue，但在英语表达中还要考虑整个句子的时态，也就是这个词的词形，故应该用 continued才对。又如第 70题：the article was written in german and translated into chinese. 这是一个含被动语态的句子，所以动词要用过去分词。总之，英语单词的正确拼写是人际交往中得体地使用英语所必备的能力和要

25、求之一。它不是一蹴而就的， 要靠平时的积累， 单词发音准确有助于记忆， 在篇章中活用单词并落实到笔头有助于巩固词汇。短文改错在高考英语试题中占10 分，是一个容易得分但又容易失分的题型。其主要考查学生对基础语法知识点的识别和纠正能力， 同时考查学生的词汇知识以及语篇行文逻辑等方面运用英语的能力。实践证明，学生独立完成该题型时，对一些错误的巡查有一定困难，但一看到正确答案，他们便明白了。 这说明他们识别错误的能力有待提高。所以掌握短文改错中的一些常见错误类型，有助于学生提高做题效率。下面是短文改错题中常见的错误类型按词性归类：一、名词1不可数名词出现了复数形式。常见的有information,

26、knowledge, progress, homework, you have to learn in order to teach. without enough knowledges (knowledge) （04 湖北）2可数名词未变复数例如：all of the world men and woman (women), boys and girls enjoy sports. （05 湖北）二、代词1指代的一致性，例如： i looked at the orange drink and decided i couldn?t face them. (it) （05 天津） the for

27、eign teachers here work hard and try his (their) best to make the activities （05 福建）2it 作形式主语或形式宾语，例如： because i though t that (it) was dull to watch a game （05 浙江） this (it) is not surprising that the silver ghost （05 安徽）3反身代词的用法。例如： we had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us.(ourselves)

28、 （05 天津） it was a great achievement for myself (me). i started writing down. （04 重庆）4一些不定代词的用法，例如： i always thought in chinese and tried to translate anything (everything) into english. dear classmates, i?ll tell you everything (something) about my future if everyone (anyone) has difficult in study,

29、 he will give him a hand. 三、动词1时态，例如：by the end of last year, my collection has (had) grown to 3000 words. 2动词的方向性，例如：in american big cities, thousands sell (buy) tickets to watch football or basketball games. 3动词的主谓一致，例如：having fun with their friends make (makes) them happy. 四、形容词、副词1考查形容词与副词的使用，例如

30、：finding information on the net is easily (easy). 2-ing 形容词与 -ed形容词的用法yes, a concert can be very excited (exciting). 3比较级的各类用法，例如：though i?m (more) shorter than him4so与 such的用法，例如：the medicine has so (such) a bitter tas te that i took it mixed五、冠词1不定冠词 a, an与定冠词 the的用法，例如：we have made ( a) great pro

31、gress. he would greet us in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “hello ” as we lay in bed in a (the) morning. 六、介词1多用、错用或少用介词，例如：in fact, they planned to pay a visit (to) china next year. just after the third class in (on) this morningi?m writing to thank you with (for) your kind help. on (at) the f

32、ront door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 七、连词1顺接关系和转折关系，例如：the food was expensive and (but) the service was good. 2. 缺连词，例如：in one class, i learned (why) it rained. 3固定结构的误用， :例如：it has been five years when (since) we graduated. 4连词错用，使句子产生歧异i ,d probably have a heart attack while

33、 (unless) i started eating less. 解题技巧指导时， 根据规律总结出的口诀同样是非常有效的。把短文改错题中常见的错误点概括起来的解题规律：动词形、名词数、注意形和副。非谓语动词细辨别，习惯用语要记住。句子成分多分析，逻辑错误需关注。冠介缺余常常现，连词误用逻辑变。数有基序、代有格，从句细辩引导词。写作部分：尽管是针对高考讲座，但不可功利。教学无至尽，没有完美的结果，只能追求更好的过程。谈到书面表达，不得不先反思我们自身，大家都知道不是一蹴而就的，是一个长期工程，老师的重视程度有关，六分之一的比重我们是否合理的给予了充足的时间？在最后的70 来天时间只能说说补救措施

34、。一、06 年高考书面表达特点分析06 年书面表达的题目是 “film or book, which do you prefer?”，这是一篇半开放式作文，也就是给出部分要点，同时要求考生发表自己的观点，既具有实用性，又具有开放性。其目的主要是考查考生是否能够借助所学的英语知识，用合乎英语习惯的表达方式传递信息并进行思想交流。附录：2006 年浙江省高考英语书面表达题当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以 “film or book, which do you prefer?”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：1看电影：省时、有趣、易懂2读原著：细节更多、语言优

35、美3我的看法及理由注意：1词数 100-120，文章题目和开头已给出（不计词数）2 参考词汇：original work 或 book in the original （原著）film or book, which do you prefer? some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. the reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. besides, the film

36、is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow. some others have just the opposite opinion. they think that they can get more detailed information from the original. meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. personally, i agree with the second view. actually

37、 i have more reasons for it. i think i can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what?s more, i am able to better understand the author?s ideas. in a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.（116）特点一根据作文要求，本篇作文可分以下三段及有几个必写的要点：第一段：谈有人选择喜欢看电影的三个理

38、由：省时、有趣、易懂。第二段：谈有人喜欢原著的两个原因：细节更多、语言优美。第三段：谈自己的看法和理由。从形式上看，本篇作文段落分明，要点也容易把握，开放度有是可控范围。因此，这样的作文学生入手容易，不仅有利于发挥水平，而且也有利于使各层次学生下笔。特点二本作文话题只是谈对两个事物的选择理由及原因，无须像中文议论文那样对问题展开深刻的探讨，且此话题的内容也比较贴近考生的实际生活，使得不同层次的学生有不同的感悟，有话可写。例如：film or book, which do you prefer? some of us think that it is better to see the film

39、 than to read the book in the original. they hold this opinion because they think watching films saves time and they are interesting as well. what?s more important is that they are easy to understand. others, however, argue that it is better to read the book in the original. as for me, i?m in favor

40、of the book in the original, and the reasons of my view can be listed as follows. in the first place, original work usually has more details and the sentences are always beautifully written. secondly, the book in the original introduces a variety of cultural backgrounds at different points in histor

41、y. what?s more, reading the book in the original every now and then enlarges our vocabulary gradually. from what has been discussed above, we can conclude that reading original work has more advantag es. so it?s better for us to choose the book in the original.（142）二、06 年高考书面表达错误分析从 06 年高考作文批改情况分析，考

42、生容易犯错误的地方有以下几个方面：书写拼写错误每年的作文评卷中， 老师们总会叹息有些考生书写不规范，字母辨认不清， 单词拼写错误也司空见惯。如： in my opinnion, some situation in films is not ture and it will make people a mistake. 句子结构错误如：1. look the book in the original is difficult.2. read the book in the original will better than to see the film. 3. may be you like

43、to see the film. but i prefer read the book in the original. first, the book in the original has more details. then book in the original have more content. 4. it also make our life more meaningful and colorful. it just like a wing, take us to fly in the sky, traveling through the culture and history

44、. 5. read the book also have some goods. there have so many beautiful sentences. 6. have agree must have disagree. it has some small things for us to read. 7. there are many people don?t like seeing films, but like reading books at home.8. what more, it not waste their more time, moreover, the film

45、is interesting. 9 some wish reading the original work, the reason of whom is that the original work whose language is attractive having more details is worth reading. 10. see the film is saved many time. in the film have many beautiful girls and boys.that like liu dehua, liu yifei and so on. 11. with the time g