从卡西米尔效应到特斯拉的重力的动态理论

1、从卡西米尔效应到特斯拉的重力的动态理论卡西米尔效应：卡西米尔效应(Casimir effect)就是在貞空中两片平行的平坦金属板之间 的吸引压力。这种压力是由平板之间空间中的虚粒子(virtual particle)的数目比正常数目减小 造成的。这一理论的特别之处是，“卡西米尔力“通常情况下只会导致物体间的“相互吸引“， 而并非“相互排斥“。大多数人认为，真空是空荡荡的。但是，根据量子电动力学(一门在非常小的规模上描 述宇宙行为的理论)，没有比这种观点更加荒谬的了。实际上，真空中到处充满着称作“軽 能“的电磁能,这正是麦克莱希望加以利用的能量。“零点能“中的“零'指的是，如果把宇宙 温

2、度降至绝对零度(宇甫可能的最低能态)，部分能量就可能保留下来。实际上，这种能量 是相当多的。物理学家对究竞有多少能量仍存在分歧，但麦克莱已经计算出，大小相当于一 个质子的真空区所含的能量可能与整个宇宙中所有物质所含的能量一样多。1948年，荷兰物理学家亨德里克卡西米尔(HendrikCasimir, 1909-2000)提出了一项检测 这种能量存在的方案。从理论上看，真空能量以粒子的形态岀现，并不断以微小的规模形成 和消失。在正常情况下。真空中充满着几乎各种波长的粒子，但卡西米尔认为，如果使两个 不带电的金属薄盘紧紧靠在一起，较长的波长就会被排除出去。接着，金属盘外的苴他波就 会产生一种往往使

3、它们相互聚拢的力，金属盘越靠近，两者之间的吸引力就越强，这种现象 就是所谓的卡西米尔效应。1996年，物理学家首次对它进行了测定，实际测量结果与理论 计算结果十分吻合。卡西米尔效应因为传说中的特斯拉的重力的动态理论是被美国FBI收藏起来了，所以现在只有关于他思想的一个大概。下而是我翻译的部分，很多网站实际上都只有这么一点内容的重复。Nikola Tesla's dynamic theory of gravity was an attempt to ascertain a theory between gravitational radiati on and the electromag

4、 netic force as a un ified field theory (a model over matter and en ergy). Tesla's propositi on that gravity is a field effect is now given more serious consideration by some At the time of his anno uncement, his critique on Einstei n's work was con sidered by the scie ntific establishment t

5、o exceed the bounds of reason.Nowadays it is simply ignored.No mathematical details of the theory are available, nor is there any evidenee that Tesla ever worked them out.The theory was developed initially between 1892 and 1894, during the period that he was conducting experiments with high frequenc

6、y and high potential electromagnetism, and was never published Though these principles guided his future research and experiments, Tesla did not announce it until near the end of his life The theory is disputed.1 Dynamic theory of gravityTesla published a prepared statement on his 81st birthday (Jul

7、y 10, 1937) critiquing Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. The following is a portion of that statement:M. Supposing that the bodies act upon the surrounding space causing curving of the same, it appears to my simple mind that the curved spaces must react on the bodies, and producing the opp

8、osite effects, straightening out the curves. Since action and reaction are coexistent, it follows that the supposed curvature of space is entirely impossible - But even if it existed it would not explain the motions of the bodies as observed. Only the existence of a field of force can account for th

9、e motions of the bodies as observed, and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion So are all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the ether and the indispensable function it plays

10、 in the phenomenal uMy second discovery was of a physical truth of the greatest importance. As I have searched the entire scientific records in more than a half dozen Ian guage As with any complex, emerge nt con cept, Ian guage is somewhat resista nt to defi nition; however, most would agree that Ia

11、nguage is a system of communication or reasoning using representation along with metaphor and some manner of logical grammar. Many Ianguas for a long time without finding the least anticipation, I consider myself the original discoverer of this truth, which can be expressed by the statement: There i

12、s no energy This article is about the scientific concept. Energy use by humans is discussed in other articles*1. En ergy gen erally and qualitatively speaking, is the property (or the quantity of the property) of doing things or supplying power. The expressions energy in Matter is anything that has

13、mass and occupies space. One contemporary view on matter takes it as all scientifically observable entities whatsoever. Matter can more accurately be defined as the energy that has a low vibratory rate, a compressed energy st other than that received from the environment An environment is a complex

14、of external factors that acts on a system and determines its course and form of existenee. An envir on merit may be thought of as a superset, of which the given system is a subset. An environment may have one or more parameters, p.” 一 Nikola TeslaWhile this Stateme nt asserted that Tesla had 11 work

15、ed out a dynamic theory of gravity" that he soon hoped to give to the world, he reportedly died before he publicized the details Few details were revealed by Tesla about his theory.As an alter native to Einstein's gen eral relativity General relativity (GR or generalrelativity theory (GRT i

16、s the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915. The conceptual core of general relativity, from which its other consequences largely follow, is the Principle ofEquivalence which, the Dynamic theory of gravity was supposed to explain the fields of gravity through electrodynamics Tes

17、la did not accept Einstein's special theory and its equating of matter and energy, nor of the curvature of space-time Details of Tesla's theory that are available subsist of basic arguments against space being curved by gravitational effects, which leads some to believe Tesla failed to under

18、stand Einstein's theory is not about curved space at all, but curved space-time (though there is disagreement about Tesla's exact understanding of Einstein's theories; Tesla was actively conducting his research during the time of Einstein's research )Tesla stated that there was no en

19、ergy in matter other than that received from its environ merit. Tesla un derstood and did not accept the mass-e nergy equivale nee as deli neated by relativit y. This mass-e nergy equivale nee is now un disputed in the scientific comm unity as it shows up in very broad range of effects: The mass def

20、icit of atomic nuclei, i.e. that atomic nuclei weigh less than the sum of their parts The energy released by particle-antiparticle collisions and absorbed by particle-antiparticle paircreation The increasing inertial mass of particles in storage rings, when their velocity goes near lightspeed.Tesla

21、rejected the central concept of relativity.尼古拉特斯拉的重力的动态理论是一种尝试着弄清楚引力辐射和电磁力作为一 种统一的场作用的理论。（一个远远超越了物质和能量的模型）。特斯拉的观点就 是引力是一种场效应从某种程度上现在正在被严肃地对待。在那段时间，他评论 爱因斯坦的理论是将科学建立在一个不合理的基础上。而现在这些观点已被忽视没有数学上的细节是可以运算的，当然也没有证据表明特斯拉已经把它弄出来 To这个理论的最初发展是在1892到1894年之间，那个时候他正在研究高频和高能 电磁现象。但是这个理论从来没有被印刷出来过，不过指导了他后来的研究和实 验工

22、作。特斯拉直到晚年才宣称那些发现，这个理论背后争议。1. 重力的动态理论特斯拉在他81岁生日（1937）的时候发表了一些批评爱因斯坦的相对论的观点, 下面是评论的一部分。想一想物体作用周围的空间导致弯曲，他给我一个简单的印象就是弯曲的空间也 会反作用于物体之上，然后制造出一种相反的效应，拉平空间。因此这种作用和 反作用是共存的。那么它将直接导致这样的观点，那就是弯曲的空间是不可能存 在的。但是即使它存在，也解释不了观测到的实体的具体运动。只有存在着的场 作用才能解释观测到的实体的运动。而他却假定这些都是空间弯曲的效果。而在 这个课题上的论文是有用的但是注定被忽视。所有试图解释宇宙具体运作的都忽

23、 视了以太的存在和它在解释这些现象上的不可缺少的作用。我的第二个非常重要的物理事实的发现，我用多种语言研究了整个科学史，因为 对于一个复杂的新生的概念来说语言不知怎么是拒绝定义的。但是我想大多数人 都会同意语言是一种交流和用隐喻以及逻辑性语法来思考的系统。很多languas 都没有找到预感（？ ）o而我认为我发现了一个非常新颖的事实，那就是能量并 不存在，粒子只是一个科学概念。人们使用的能量概念被讨论就好像另外一个粒 子。能量不管从定性还是定量上讲都一种属性，一种做功和提供动力的属性。就 作为表达物质中的能量就好像是什么东西有质量和占据着空间。一个（当代的） 观点是对于所有可观测的物质实体来说

24、，无论什么，物质都能被定义为某种低频 的能量，一种压缩的能量。而不是从环境中接受能量，环境是一种复杂的以太因 素相互作用的系统，决定了这个系统的过程和它的存在形式。一个环境可能被想 象成为一个超集，而给定的系统是子集，一个系统可能有一个或者更多的参数。 尼古拉特斯拉。而在这段评论中特斯拉宣称已经研究出了重力的动态理论，而他希望献给全世 界。但是在出版之前他就已经死了，而关于尼古拉特斯拉的那些理论现在所知 甚少。作为爱因斯坦一般相对论的取代，一般相对论的核心概念就是等价性法则被广泛 接受和继承了下来，而重力的动态理论被认为是通过电动力学来解释引力场。特 斯拉并没有接受爱因斯坦的理论特别是质能方程

25、式，当然也包括时空弯曲。特斯 拉的理论根本不需要爱因斯坦的时空弯曲概念，而这也导致了有些人相信特斯拉 完全没有理解爱因斯坦的弯曲时空概念。特斯拉的理解是这儿根本就没有什么物 质的能量，都是从环境中接受的能量。特斯拉所理解是完全不接受爱因斯坦相对 论中所描述的质能守恒方程式。而这个质能方程式LI前在科学界是没有争议的因 为它解释了如下事实：1.原子核的质量衰减，或者说是原子核总的质量小于各部分之和。2通过正反粒子间的相互结合释放能量和正反粒子产生来吸收能量。3. 粒子在环形加速器上接近光速时，它们惯性质量的增加。特斯拉完全拒绝接受相对论的核心概念。下面是我的一些遐想： 首先是卡西米尔效应确实显示引力可以通过辐射来达到，比如说我们假设在以太 海中，这些以太都是高速运动的，具有非常巨大的能量，而且这些以太大多都可 以穿过我们常见的物质粒子。我们现在假设有两个粒子，大部分以太可以穿越过 去，左右都可以，但是独独在这两个粒子的连线上，有一小部分低波长粒子无法 穿越，或者穿越概率不是100%o那么这些波长的粒子就类似卡西米尔效应所显 示的，它们被这两个粒子束缚住了。而且我们还可以看到，因为这两个粒子被束 缚处形成驻波，然后会造成这两个粒子间的辐射能量较周用低从而产生相互吸引 力。这种模型不