莎士比亚-英文-课件PPT

1、2021/8/261William Shakespeare-The peak of Humanism2021/8/262 William Shakespeare1564-1616“All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”2021/8/263Main Contents1.Shakespeares literary position2.Shakespeares Legend life3.Shakespeares masterpiece2021/8/2641.Shakespeares literary po

2、sitionIn western literary history, only very individual writershave qualified say: without him, the literature will become another way. Shakespeare is one of the most qualified.Shakespeare is the greatest playwright and poet in the worldof the history.2021/8/2652.Shakespeares life (1564-1616)Birthpl

3、ace2021/8/266 Born in Warwickshire The 3rd of 8 kids Married at age 18 Worked as an actor before1590. 2021/8/267The home of Mary Arden, wee Willy Shakespeares mothers house 2021/8/268Anne Hathaways Shakespeares wife cottage 2021/8/269The Avon River, near Stratford-upon-Avon. 2021/8/2610Henley Street

4、, Stratford-upon-Avon 2021/8/2611The son of groceries businessman in the town,18 marriedLeaving home for London to make living at about 22,doing as the groom, DickinsonStarting writing plays at about 30 years old5 years later, becoming universal shareholder of troupe.2021/8/2612 The New Globe Theate

5、r 2021/8/2613The life of Shakespeare Arrive in London in 1586 Well-known in 1581 Died on the 23rd of April,16162021/8/2614The tomb of Shakespeare2021/8/2615 A respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. His work was rep

6、eatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world 2021/8/2616About his works The works of William Shakespeare

7、are a great land mark in the history of world literature. He was the first founders of realism(现实主义)，a masterhood at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Karl Marx regarded Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever know.” Shakespeare took s

8、tories from old sources such as old drama, novel, chronicles(编年史)and folk legends.（民间传说) Under Shakespeares pen, those stories assumed new meaning and significance.2021/8/2617 In the expression of art, he inherited three traditions of the dramas of ancient Greece and Rome, medieval Britain and the E

9、uropean Renaissance and developed, innovating creatively from the content to the form. His plays try hard to reflect the true life and explore the inner mysteries, thus can figure out many diverse and complex personalities, vivid characters that represent the typical figure and social life.2021/8/26

10、18 During the twenty-two years of his literary work he produced 37 plays, two narrative poems and 154 sonnets. His literary work may be divided into three major periods： The first period(1590-1600) The second period(1601-1608) The third period(1609-1612)2021/8/2619 His early plays were mainly comedi

11、es and histories, he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry（复杂性和艺术性） by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet(1601), Othello(1604),King Lear(1605), and Macbeth(1605), considered some of the finest works in the English language2

12、021/8/26203.Shakespeares writing1) 154 sonnets, two long poem 2021/8/2621poetry 十四行诗（十四行诗（The Sonnets） 爱人的怨诉（爱人的怨诉（A Lovers Complaint） 鲁克丽丝失贞记（鲁克丽丝失贞记（The Rape of Lucrece） 维纳斯和阿多尼斯（维纳斯和阿多尼斯（Venus and Adonis） 热情的朝圣者（热情的朝圣者（The Passionate Pilgrim 凤凰和斑鸠凤凰和斑鸠（The Phoenix and the Turtle）2021/8/2622 Sonne

13、t: a lyric poem comprising 3 quatrains with a rhyming scheme ababcdcdefef And a couplet rhyming gg 2021/8/2623Sonnet 18 William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer s day?Thou art more love ly and more tempe rate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too shor

14、t a date:Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall death brag thou wanderst

15、in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst:So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.2021/8/2624 Shall I compare thee to a summers day? 能否把你与夏日相比？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你却比炎夏更可爱温婉； Rough winds do shake the darling bud

16、s of May, 狂风摧残五月的蓓蕾， And summers lease hath all too short a date2021/8/2625 夏日的时光何其短暂。 Sometimetoo hot the eye of heaven shines, 休恋那丽日当空， And often is his gold complexion dimmed; 转眼又云雾迷蒙； And every fair from fairsometime declines, 休叹百花凋零， By chance, or natures changing course untrimed 摧残于无常即或天命。2021

17、/8/2626The furthest distance in the world Is not when I stand in front of you Yet you cant see my love But when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together The furthest distance in the world Is not being apart while being in love But when painly cannot resist the yearning Yet prete

18、nding you have never been in my heart The furthest distance in the world Is not but using ones indifferent heart To dig an uncrossable river For the one who loves you 2021/8/2627世界上最遥远的距离 不是 我就站在你面前 你却不知道我爱你 而是 明明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起 世界上最遥远的距离 不是 明明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起 而是 明明无法抵挡这股思念 却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里 世界上最遥远的距离 不是

19、 明明无法抵挡这股思念 却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里 而是 用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人 掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠 2021/8/26282) HistoriesRepresentative works: Henry IV Richard III2021/8/2629histories 亨利四世，第一卷（亨利四世，第一卷（HenryIV,part1） 亨利四世，第二卷（亨利四世，第二卷（HenryIV,part2） 亨利五世（亨利五世（HenryV） 亨利六世，第一卷（亨利六世，第一卷（HenryVI,part1） 亨利六世，第二卷（亨利六世，第二卷（HenryVI,part2） 亨利六世，第

20、三卷（亨利六世，第三卷（HenryVI,part3） 亨利八世（亨利八世（HenryVIII） 约翰国王（约翰国王（KingJohn） 理查德二世（理查德二世（RichardII） 理查德三世（理查德三世（RichardIII）2021/8/26303) ComedyThe merchant of Venicemidsummer nights dreamhappy twelfth night 2021/8/2631Comedies 错中错错中错(TheComedyofErrors) 皆大欢喜皆大欢喜(AllsWellThatEndsWell) 如愿如愿(AsYouLikeIt) 仲夏夜梦仲夏夜

21、梦(AMidsummerNightsDream) 无事生非无事生非(MuchAdoAboutNothing) 一报还一报一报还一报(MeasureforMeasure 第十二夜第十二夜(TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill) 威尼斯商人威尼斯商人(TheMerchantofVenice) 空爱一场空爱一场(LovesLaborsLost) 冬天的故事冬天的故事(TheWintersTale) 2021/8/2632威尼斯商人第十二夜2021/8/2633The Merchant of Venice剧情：有一个十五世纪威尼斯的正直商人安东尼奥，跟高利贷犹太商人夏洛克对立。某日，安东

22、尼奥因出海向夏洛克借款。后者为报复安东尼奥借钱不要利息而影响自己利益的举措，定下奇特契约：不还钱就还肉。结果安东尼奥的商队在海上出事而无法还钱。在法院的夏洛克准备好刀子，等着安东尼奥的肉。假装律师的波莎以割肉不能流血，否则血债血偿的理由，粉碎了夏洛克的阴谋。夏洛克破产，安东尼奥东山再起。The character of Shylock has raised a debate over whether the play should be condemned as anti-Semitic, and this controversy has overshadowed many other asp

23、ects of the play.The plot involves a vengeful, greedy creditor, Shylock, a Jewish money-lender Shylock who seeks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeares version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the plays Christian heroine, Portia

24、, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylocks horrid legal suit. Shylock, is a Jew whose beloved daughter is lost to him when she elopes with a man who belongs to a virulently anti-Semitic society. When grief, an

25、ger and vengeance overcome common sense he ends up literally forced to his knees to renounce his faith and his fortune. 2021/8/26342021/8/26354) TragedyHamletOthelloMacbeth king Lear 2021/8/2636Tragedies 罗密欧与朱丽叶罗密欧与朱丽叶 (RomeoandJuliet) 麦克白麦克白(Macbeth) 李尔王李尔王(KingLear) 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特(Hamlet) 奥赛罗奥赛罗(Othello

26、) 考利欧雷诺斯考利欧雷诺斯(Coriolanus) 特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德 (TroilusandCressida) 雅典的泰蒙雅典的泰蒙(TimonofAthens) 诗诗 2021/8/2637李尔王哈姆雷特2021/8/2638The summit of Shakespeares artHamletTo be or not to be: that is the question.Meaning: Is it possible or not? Is he alive or not?Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.Meani

27、ng: The life of leaders isnt easy. Having many responsibilities, leaders often cant sleep well.2021/8/2639“To be, or not to becomes from Hamlet, act three, scene one. It is one of the most famous quotations in world literature and the best-known of this particular play.2021/8/2640The play, set in De

28、nmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius, who has murdered Hamlets father, the King, and then taken the throne and married Gertrude, Hamlets mother. The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madnessfrom overwhelming grief to seething rageand explores themes

29、 of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.仇恨，愤怒，荣誉，尊严，2021/8/2641Hamlet Type: Revenge Tragedy, 復仇悲劇 Romantic Tragedy 浪漫悲劇 Time: c. 1200 Locale: Elsinore (艾西諾), Denmark First presented: 16022021/8/2642Principal Characters in Hamlet Claudius 克劳迪斯克劳迪斯 King of DenmarkKing of Denmark HamletHam

30、let 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特 Son to the formerSon to the former King King and and NephewNephew to to thethe p present Kingresent King Gertrude Gertrude 乔乔特特鲁鲁德德 Queen of Denmark, and Queen of Denmark, and Mother of HamletMother of Hamlet PoloniusPolonius 波洛涅斯波洛涅斯 Lord ChamberlainLord Chamberlain（御前大臣） LaertesLaerte

31、s 雷雷欧欧提斯提斯 Son to PoloniusSon to Polonius OpheliaOphelia 奥奥菲莉菲莉娅娅 Daughter to Polonius Daughter to Polonius GhostGhost（King HamletKing Hamlet）鬼魂）鬼魂 Hamlets Father Hamlets Father HoratioHoratio 霍拉旭霍拉旭 Friend to HamletFriend to Hamlet2021/8/2643 Claudius is shrewd精明 and able干练, though not always ethic

32、al伦理 or moral道德, Hamlet describes the contest of intelligence and will between them as that of mighty opposites (V.ii.62). 克劳狄斯形象：集合封建主和暴君的残忍，克劳狄斯形象：集合封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，封建统治者和资产阴谋家的野心和阴险，封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。替时期的所有罪恶。2021/8/2644 Gertrude is a negative character in p

33、lay “Hamlet”.But this article believes that she is a weak but brave feminine character:she lived in a weak social surroundings but she has brave character. Due to the protection for her son,she has devoted her reputation even her personnal life. 关键词：柔弱柔弱 勇敢勇敢 母亲母亲2021/8/2645Laertes is often portraye

34、d by seemingly humble actors of the screen, to give a loyal, wholesome appeal to the character.波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。没有意识到剑是带毒的。2021/8/2646Of all the pivotal characters in Hamlet, Ophelia is the most static稳定 and on

35、e-dimensional没有深度的. She has the potential to become a tragic heroine - to overcome the adversities inflicted upon her - but she instead crumbles崩溃 into insanity, becoming merely tragic. This is because Ophelia herself is not as important as her representation of the dual nature of women in the play.

36、 Ophelias distinct purpose is to show at once Hamlets warped歪曲 view of women as callous冷酷无情的 sexual predators, and the innocence and virtue of women.关键词：悲情人物关键词：悲情人物2021/8/2647 Hamlet is a classic example of a tragedy written by William Shakespeare.In every tragedy, the characters must display some.

37、 If every action is controlled by a heros destiny, then the heros death cant be avoided and in Hamlet the sad part is that it could. Hamlets death could have been avoided many times. He had many opportunities to kill Claudius, but he did not take advantage of them. He is called a vacillating(优柔寡断优柔寡

38、断) man. However, in my opinion, vacillation can never be removed from Hamlet.That is the logical result. It is the sense of worth that makes Hamlet vacillating.2021/8/2648 Shakespeare took a certain story of Prince Amleth from old sources which can be traced to the 12th century. He, however, was not

39、 the first to dramatize Hamlets history. In the eighties, a play that bore the same name gained popularity among the English public. Thomas Kyd is supposed to have been the author of this play. The whole tragedy is permeated with the spirit of Shakespeares own time. Hamlet is the profoundest express

40、ion of his humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.2021/8/2649Which play shows this picture?2021/8/2650Yes , its KingLear The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological(神话的) pre-Roman Celtic king. It has been widely adapted for stage and screen, with the part of Lear play

41、ed by many of the worlds most accomplished actors.2021/8/2651King Lear mourns Cordelias deathThe tragic ending:2021/8/26525）Tragicomedy (straight part)Romeo and Juliet 2021/8/2653 Tragicomedy: Pure forms of tragedy and comedy have rarely appeared in modern drama. Most British and American plays offer some mixture of the two forms. When the patterns and emotions are mixed , the play is calle