非谓语动词难点透视不定式

1、非谓语动词难点透视非谓语动词难点透视 动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式1 结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing t

2、o have done to have been done to have been doing-动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语

3、宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2. 放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找

4、一份工作。2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。作表语作表语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。2. 眼见为实。眼见为实。作定语作定语Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗?2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth作状语作状语He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They

5、jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.高考进行时-动词不定式考点动词不定式考点I think the best thing you should do is _ another

6、job. A. looking for B. looked for C. look for D. to look for一、一、 做表语做表语二、做定语1. Im going to the supermarket. Have you got anything _? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought 2. Why do you look sad?- There are so many problems _ .A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C.remaining to b

7、e settled D.remained to be settled不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后3. Every student in our class had an application form in his/her hand, but no one knew which office _. A. to send it to B. sent C. sending to D. sent to which和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的定语从和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的定语从句，例如：句，例如：She must have time in

8、which to grow calm.She has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.He only had long nights in which to study.三、做状语1.Australians have to prevent dingoes _ their sheep and cattle. A. from protecting B. to protect C. protecting D. to protecting 2. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going

9、abroad or staying at home? A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend 不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示副词等，表示等。等。3. Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again. A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found4. What happened to you on your way back to the

10、hotel last night? -I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ things worse, it began to pour. A. making B. to make C. having made D. make 四、做宾补The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _ after eleven p.m. A. to stay out B. from staying out C. staying out D. not to stay out五、做宾语Tom

11、pretended _ it, but in fact, he knew it very well. A. not listen to B. not to hear about C. not to have heard about D. not to listen六、 构成复合谓语1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed2. He is kn

12、own to be honest.3. She was told to stay at home. 4.He was known to have taken money from Germans.5.He is said to have declared that Voltaire was his God. 6.He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 7.Miss White is supposed to be going with me. 1.They are said to be building another bridge across the

13、 river.2.They seem to be getting along quite well.3.I happened to be going that way too.4.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.5.He pretended to be listening attentively.6.I am glad to be working with you. (状语状语)7.Its nice of you to be thinking of us. (主语主语) 1.He is said to have written a n

14、ew book about workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)2. The enemy was reported to have surrendered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)3. She seemed to have heard about it already.(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)4.You are lucky to have got tick

15、ets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.)5.Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.)6.She was very glad to have done something for the people.7.He pretended not to have seen me.1. It is an honour for me to be asked

16、to speak here.2. She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 4.She didnt like herself to be praised like that. 5.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 6.Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? 7.She was too young to

17、be assigned such work.Lets translate1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his w

18、orkto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been givenLets write 我长大后想当一位护士。/医

19、生/老师我的工作就是照顾好病人。/ 但怎么能做一位出色的护士呢？我需要努力学习。Topic 1 My dreamI want to be a nurse when I grow up.My job is to look after the patientsBut how to be an excerllent nurse?I have to /need to study hard.保护环境人人有责。我们要告诉人们不要再砍伐树木了。我们要分发广告叫人们不要再把污水倒进河里了我们要叫人们循环再用纸。Topic 2 how to protect the environment To protect

20、the environment is everyones duty.= It is everyones duty to protect the environmentWe should tell people not to cut down the trees any more.We should hand out advertisements to tell people not to pour waste water into the river any more.We should ask people to recycle paper.直击高考作文直击高考作文 Last Thursda

21、y, we had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. We came up with several choices such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, we decided to go m o u n t a i n c l i m b i n g . The next day, we set off early in the morning. While climbin

22、g the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. However, when reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. Then we started to pick up the litter. Afterwards, we put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin

23、respectively.We were tired but happy.一、考查动词不定式的基本构成试题精选1. My mother often asks me_ _early. (2003年北京)A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up2. The teacher told her students _in public. (2003年黑龙江)A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shoutDA考点分析动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,不受人称和数的变化限制,它由“不定

24、式符号(to)+动词原形动词原形”构成。其否定式常在to前加not或never构成,句型ask/tell sb. （not） to do sth.是命题的热点。二、考查动词不定式作主语 试题精选1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肃省)A. this B. It C. That D. Its2. Its nice_you_me with my maths. (2002年深圳市)A. for; to help B. for; helpingC. of; to help D. of; helping BC考点分析动词不定式作主语时,常

25、用it作为形式主语,而将不定式后置。如要说明动词不定式的动作的执行者,可在不定式前加一个介词for引导的短语;但如果表语是kind, nice, clever等描述动作执行者的性格。品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个of引导的短语,而不可用for引导的短语。 Its +adj+for sb to do sth . Its nice (kind ,clever )of sb to do sth三、考查动词不定式作宾语试题精选试题精选1. They decided _at the end of this month. (2002年济南市年济南市)A. to leave B. going C. t

26、ravel D. not start out2. All of us found _difficult to work out the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it 3. Please stop _a rest if you feel tired. (2002年南宁市年南宁市)A. to have B. having C. have D. hasADA考点分析一些动词,如decide, hope, ask等,常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,其句型结构

27、为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)?特别是,有些动词(短语)后面可接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同,对此,应该弄清楚它们的区别。常见的这类动词(短语)有:remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记要做某事;remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘记曾做过某事?stop to do sth.停下来(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。go on to do sth.做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;go on doing sth.继续做某事。四、考查动词不定式作定语试题精选试题精选

28、1. Theres enough bird food _for a month. (2001年山西省年山西省)A. to last B. lastC. lasts D. lasted2. She has no paper_. (2001年重庆市年重庆市)A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on AD考点分析动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语,常用于have+某事+to do或enough+名词+to do结构中。

29、五、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语1.Mother asked me _some fruit after supper. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy2. Let him _a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年济南市年济南市) A. have B. gets C. to take D. has3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children _in the room. (2003年桂林市年桂林市

30、) A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. -Yes, she is often seen _the old man with his housework. (2003年呼和浩特市年呼和浩特市) A. help B. to help C. helps D. helpedDABB考点分析有些动词,如teach, want, tell等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即构成teach/want/tell sb. to do sth.结构。但是,动词不定式作

31、使役动词及感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to。这些动词可归纳为一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, have和make),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。;在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无。注意注意:以上省略以上省略to的动词不定式的动词不定式,在被动语态中都在被动语态中都必须加上必须加上to,但但let不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态。特殊情况：特殊情况：1. had better (not) do sth.2.help sb. (to )do sth.3.make let sb. do sth.4.see h

32、ear watch sb. do sth.*see hearwatch sb. doing sth. 例句：例句：1、你最好不要吸烟。 You had better not smoke.2、我们经常帮她提水。 We often help her (to) carry water.3、他老是使我发笑。 He always makes me laugh.4、我经常听见他唱歌。 I often hear him sing.六、考查动词不定式作状语1. Yesterday morning I got up early_be late for the exam. (2002年上海市)A. in orde

33、r to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to2. Lets _so as not _late for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, beCC考点分析考点分析 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表表示目的示目的,也可以表示结果或原因。为了强调目也可以表示结果或原因。为了强调目的的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定或在不定式前面加式前面加in order或或so

34、 as。如果不定式为否定。如果不定式为否定形式形式,要用要用in order not to.或或so as not to.。七、考查连接代(副)词+动词不定式结构的用法1. Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know_. (2003年河南年河南)A. what to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose which D. to choose what2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in

35、Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003年广东省年广东省)A. what to buy B. how to goC. where to go D. which to choose3._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to use D. Where to useBCA考点分析 在英语中有些动词,如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接疑问代(副)词+动词不定式作宾语,以此对宾语从句进行简化。注意:进行简化

36、的条件是主句中的主语和从句的主语必须是同一人称。此外,动词不定式还可以和what, where, how, when, which等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中作主语。八、考查固定句式中动词不定式的用法试题精选1. -You look rather tired ._stop to take a rest? -All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市)A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about2. The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? (2002年哈尔滨市)A. turn down it