毕业论文外文翻译-3G技术

1、:外文原文3g technologyalthough the technology behind 3g may seem complicated, the ways in which 3g will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine. just imagine having a combined camera, videocamera, computer, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone. rich-media information and entertainment wil

2、l be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wireless network.mobile communication is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences.but not all of this will happen at once. 3g is an evolution to a communications ideal that no on

3、e completely understands yet. what we do know is that mobile multimedia will hit the japanese markets in 2001, and europe and north america will follow soon after.3g brings together high-speed radio access and ip-based services into one, powerful environment. the step towards ip is vital. ip is pack

4、et-based, which in simple terms, means users can be hon lineh at all times, but without having to pay until we actually send or receive data. the connectionless nature of ip also makes access a lot faster: file downloads can take a few seconds and we can be connected to our corporate network with a

5、single click.3g introduces wideband radio communications, with access speeds of up to 2mbit/s. compared with today's mobile networks, 3g will significantly boost network capacity - so operators will be able to support more users, as well as offer more sophisticated services.3g - at home3g is goi

6、ng to affect our home and social lives in many ways. the services that 3g enables will help us to manage our personal information, simplify tasks such as grocery shopping, make better use of our time and offer services that are just fun to use. operators will be able to develop myriad new service op

7、portunities to attract and retain new customers. here are some examples: youre sitting on a train and use this hdeadm time to log on to your bank account, check your balance and pay a few bills - all through your 3g device. you save time and can be smarter about managing your finances. on a touring

8、vacation, you arrive in a new city. you haven't made any reservations in advance, because you can do this when you get there, by using your 3g handset to obtain up-to-date information, including hotel vacancies. having booked a room, you can use your mobile to view video clips of local tourist a

9、ttractions and talk to someone from the local tourist information bureau at the same time.3g at work3g will not just support the needs of businesspeople who travel a lot, but will also help new, flexible working practices, such as home-working and remote access to corporate networks outside traditio

10、nal working hours. businesspeople are often high-volume airtime users, so they represent a big opportunity for mobile operators. here are some examples: at work you receive a message from your "smart” refrigerator at home. the message tells you that certain items need restocking and an order ha

11、s already been prepared for the local grocery store, which you can approve, so that your groceries are ready to collect on the way home. you are on the road, and urgently need to discuss a draft presentation with a number of colleagues back in the office. pulling into a service station, you use your

12、 3g device to hold a telemeeting with your colleagues and, at the same time, you can all view the draft presentation and make changes on line. a maintenance engineer is repairing some equipment on a client's premises and hits a problem. using his 3g device, he contacts his department and downloa

13、ds a demonstration video that guides him through the repair process.technology3g brings together two powerful forces: wideband radio communications and ip-based services. together, these lay the groundwork for advanced mobile internet services, including personalized portals, hinfotainment, mobile c

14、ommerce and unified messaging -encompassing high-speed data, superior quality voice and video and location-based services.making 3g a reality depends on technology developments in different areas. these include amendments to the radio interface to support wideband communications and in the core netw

15、ork. supporting technologies, such as wap and bluetooth, also have an important role to play. this section provides a brief overview of some of the main technologies and developments involved. ericsson supports all of these technologies and has played an active role in their development.gprsgeneral

16、packet radio service (gprs) is an enhancement to existing gsm and tdma networks that introduces packet data transmission, enabling "always onn mobility. this means that users can choose to be permanently logged on to e-mail, internet access and other services, but do not have to pay for these s

17、ervices unless sending or receiving information. when edge is added to gprs, these data rates will increase up to 384kbit/s.gprs will be implemented by adding new packet data nodes and upgrading existing nodes to provide a routing path for packet data between the mobile terminal and a gateway node.

18、the gateway node will provide interworking with external packet data networks for access to the internet and intranets.benefits: faster data speeds and "always onu mobility almost instantaneous connection set-up connection to an abundance of data sources around the world, through support for mu

19、ltiple protocols, including ip a step towards full 3g services.wcdmawideband code division multiple access (wcdma) is a wideband radio technique that provides far higher data rates than other radio techniques available today, up to 2mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radio spectrum.the higher bandw

20、idth that wcdma provides will deliver the full potential of 3g. for example, wcdma allows simultaneous access to several voice, video and data services at once.wcdma is fully compliant with imt-2000 and is the air interface technology for standards in the 2ghz bandwidth (the imt-2000 core band), kno

21、wn as umts (universal mobile telecommunication system) in europe and arib (association of radio industry businesses) in japan.ericsson has been at the forefront of wcdma development. the company delivered an experimental wcdma system to ntt docomo in japan back in 1998. ericsson has also set up wcdm

22、a test systems around the world. at 2000, ericsson announced its first family of wcdma base stations.edgeenhanced data rates for global evolution (edge) enables gsm and tdma operators to offer 3g services using existing network frequencies. by making changes and additions to standardization of evolu

23、tionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to all-ip and multimedia networks.cdma2000cdma2000 is a decidedly efficient 3g standard for the delivery of high bandwidth data and high capacity voice services. the evolution of the cdma2000 standard will enable

24、 mobile systems to offer data throughputs of 2 mbit/sec and beyond.the higher bandwidth that cdma2000 provides will deliver the full potential of 3g for example, cdma2000 also allows simultaneous access to several voice, video and data services at once.cdma2000 is fully compliant with imt-2000 requi

25、rements for 3g. cdma2000 will be implemented in the existing frequency bands of cmda and tdma at 800 and 1900 mhz, as well as in new spectrum at 2ghz in japan.ericsson is a leader in cdma2000 development, and a key driver in the standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the bac

26、kbone networks, as well as the migration to all-ip and multimedia networks.bluetoothbluetooth is an open standard for way, short-wave radio communications between different devices. it marks the end of cables and cords between mobile phones, palmtops, portable pcs and printers, for example. furtherm

27、ore, bluetooth enables information between such devices to be synchronized diary information held on a pda can be updated automatically when within range of a bluetooth-enabled pc bluetooth is also going to be important for machine-to-machine communications - one of the largest growth areas in telec

28、ommunications.bluetooth is a key development for terminals and other devices using mobile networks. it is available now for 2g networks and as 3g systems, will play an increasingly important supporting role in the future of mobile communications. ericsson has already announced bluetooth devices, inc

29、luding the t36 bluetooth phone and a bluetooth headset.bluetooth was originally developed by ericsson, but is now under the auspices of the bluetooth special interest group. it has widespread support among telecom equipment vendors, computer and chip manufacturers.symbiansymbian is an independent jo

30、int venture supported by companies including ericsson, nokia, motorola and psion. symbian aims to promote a mass market for mobile information devices in two ways: first, through the development of core software, application frameworks, applications and development tools for mobile multimedia device

31、s (such as pdas, smartphones and communicators) second, by "evangelizing" standards for the interoperation of mobile information devices. symbian's epoc operating system is already available and ericsson devices such as the r380 are epoc-enabled.wapwireless application protocol (wap) i

32、s a global, open standard that gives mobile users access to internet services through handheld devices. it enables users to easily access a whole range of mobile internet and other data services from mobile devices such as smartphones and communicators, and without the need to plug into a separate l

33、aptop or data-enabled device.wap enables this through a built-in ”wap microbrowserh that lets information be accessed direct from a phone, in the same way that web browsers provide access to on-line services via an internet-ready pc. typically, a wap screen will display a number of hyperlinks to var

34、ious services or information portals.as well as wap phones, ericsson has also announced a wap service developers kit (wapide) and the wap gateway/proxy, which bridges wap applications and services in internet and intranet environments with mobile networks. in addition, ericsson provides application

35、enablers, such as ericsson localized internet (eli) for locatiobased services, and wap application server (was) providing a run-time and development environment for wap applications.ericsson is one of the four founding members of the wap forum. since 1997, when it was established, the wap forum has

36、gained widespread industry support - hundreds of companies are members of the worldwide wap forum o the latest version of the wap standard, wap 1.2.1, has recently been launched.our dedicated wap consutants are ready to assist operators and service providers sharpen their competitive edge. they help

37、 today's businesses adapt to the new economy and create cost-effective, innovative ways to communicate with customers-二：外文资料翻译译文3g技术虽然在3 g后面的技术可能很复杂，但是3 g将会在我们生活中产生的影响 是我们可以想象的。仅仅想像在你的行动电话中加入照相机、摄像机、计算机、 音响以及收音机功能。这样，无论何时何地你都将能够通过无线网络获得大量的媒 体信息和娱乐。移动通信正在由单一的语音通信向多媒体方向发展，通过此途径来加深我们对 外界的感觉。但不是这全部都

38、将立刻发生。至今为止没有一个人能够完全掌握3g的发展的进 程。我们唯一确信的是2001年多媒体移动通信将冲击日木市场，而且欧洲和北美也 将很快发展多媒体通信市场。3g在带来高速的语音通路之外还集以ip为基础的服务为一身，有强大的发展坏 境。向ip方向发展是至关重要的。ip技术是以简单的数据包传输为基础的，可以使 用户同时上网，但是不必花钱除了我们发送或接收数据。tp的自然无连接性可以 大大提高存取速率：文件下载只需要很短的时间，而且只需轻轻一点就能和网络连 接上。3g采用多频率通信技术，并且达到2 mbit/s的通路速度。与现在的移动网络 相比较,3g将会极大的提高网络容量-因此将能够支持更多

39、的使用者，同时能够提 供更多复杂的服务。3 g -在家庭中的应用3g将通过许多途径影响我们的家庭和社会生活。3g服务将为我们管理个人信息 提供帮助，简单的任务例如在食品杂货店，如何合理的利用吋间来提高我们的服务 就是非常生动的应用。经历将可以提出许多新的服务项目来吸引新顾客留住老顾 客户。在这里有一些例子：你可以利用乘坐火车的时间登录你的银行帐号，检查你的收支是否平衡还可以 支付一些帐单-所有的这些都得通过3g实现。你在节约时间的同时整理了你的 财物。在休闲度假中，你倒了一个新城市。你没必要作任何的预订，因为你可以在到 达之后再做这些，通过3g手机你能获得最新的信息，包括旅馆空缺。有预订房间，

40、 你可以使用你的手机查阅当地的旅游胜地还可以同时与别人交流旅游信息。3 g-在工作中的应用3g将不仅仅满足很多经常出差的商人的需要，也将会有助于新兴的、轻松的工 作，例如你可以在家通过网络进行贸易。商人是关注电视节目实际间最长的人，因 此，他们为手机的设计者描述了一个很大的商机。以下是一些例子：在工作中你受到家中智能电冰箱的一个信息。信息告诉你，冰箱屮的一些 事务需要更换了，并且这些需要的东西的清单已经准备发往杂货店，如果你同意，杂 货店将为你准备搞所有的东西。你在旅途中，急切地需要与在办公室中的同事讨论草稿发表。到一个服务车站， 你使用你的3 g装置和你的同事举行电话会议，与此同时，你能看到

41、全部草稿的发 表而且在线上做出相应的变化。 一个维护工程师正在修理在客户提出的一些仪器并且遇到了问题。使用3 g装 置，与他的部门连络，下载的修理程序将示范录象机指导他修理。技术3 g有二个有利的优势：宽带语音通信和以ip为基础的服务。综合在一起, 这些为先进的移动英特网服务奠定了基础，包括个性化的入口，你的手机将会自动 接收最新的电视信息，提供高品质的声咅和图像。使3g变为事实需要依靠不同地区相关技术的发展。它在改善介绍无线通信分界 面，支持多频率通信扮演了重要的角色。在技术支持方面，wap和蓝牙都有很重要 的应用。这一段提初了一些主要的技术和发展的简短观点。爱立信支持所有这些 技术而且已经

42、它的发展中扮演了重要的角色。 gprs一般的数据包语音服务（gprs）是对现有的gsm和数据包传输的tdma网络 的提高，使之保持移动通信的特性。这意谓着使用者能着够随时登陆查看电子邮 件，进行数据存取和其他的服务，但是不用支付这些服务的费用除菲传送或接受 数据。当电子数据采集设备备集成到gprs中，这些数据的传输率将会达到384 kbit/s ogprs可以通过不断增加节点和压缩节点来实现数据包在移动终端和网关中的 传输。网关将为英特网和企业内部网络提供数据交互。优点：在移动通信基础上的快速数据传输可以在瞬间建立连接提供全球丰富的数据库资源，支持多种协议，包括ip协议逐步地走向完善的3g。

43、wcdma宽带码分多址接入技术（wcdma）提供的数据传送速率远远大于现在我们采用 的通信方式，提供高达2mbit/s的传输速率，大大提高了光纤对语音信号的传输率。 3g提供更宽的带宽是3g中存在的巨大的潜能。例如，wcdma能够使语音信号、视频 信号和数据同时进行传输。wcdma完全遵照了imt-2000提出的2ghz带宽标准（imt-2000中心带宽），就像是 在欧洲采用的umts （全球的移动传输系统）和本采用的arib （语咅信号工业标准联 盟）。爱立信在wcdma的研发方面走在了前列。公司早在1988年就在日木为移动通信 网络开始了wcdma的实验活动。爱立信已经在全球建立了wcdm

44、a的测试系统。在2000 年，爱立信宣布了他建立了wcdma的基站。 edge全球革命性的提高传输速率将是原來的gsm和tsma运营商利用现有的设备提供 3g服务。通过制定新的通信附加标准来对无线通信和网络中枢进化标准化，同吋改 革所有的ip业务和多媒体网络。 cdma2000cdma2000对于提高宽带传输速率和递送高质量的语音服务无疑是3g标准最有 效率的。cdma2000标准的发展将会使移动通信系统能够提供2mbit/sec的数据传输 率甚至超过这个标准。cdma2000提供的带宽向我们展示了3g的潜能。举例来说， cdma2000允许同时的传输多组声音图像数据。cdma2000完全融合

45、了imt-2000标准，并且满足了3g的标准。cdma2000可以通过 现有的cmda和tdma在800到1900 mhz的频段上实现，就像日本在2ghz的光谱中实现。爱立信是cdma2000研发的先行者，它制定了对无线通信和网络中枢进行改革的 新标准，同吋也提岀了对tp和多媒体网络进行改革的意见。蓝牙蓝牙是在不同的装置之间进行双通道短波传输的公开标准。举例来说,它的岀 现标志着通过电缆进行移动通信连接掌上电脑或笔记本电脑的时代已经过去。此 外，蓝牙能够说数据传输同步化。存储在智能数字助理上的程表可以在个人计 算机中蓝牙能够达到范围里面自动更新。蓝牙将成为通信领域中用于不同设备之间 传输数据最

46、重要的手段，同时它也将成为发展最快的发展领域。蓝牙技术是终端和其他设备使用移动通信网络的关键。蓝牙即可应用到现在的 2g网络也可以支持3g系统,它将会在未來的移动通信屮占据越來越重要的地位。爱 立信已经研制岀了蓝牙装置，包括t36蓝牙手机和蓝牙掌上设备。蓝牙是由爱立信公司首先研制的，但现在蓝牙主要是由一个特殊的世界组织来 主管。此技术己在所有电信器械生产商、计算机制造商以及芯片制造商中普及。 symbiansymbian是一个被包括爱立信，诺基亚，摩托罗拉和psion公司共同投资的项 0 o symbian的目标是通过以下两种方式提高其在移动通信市场的份额： 第一，通过发展软件的核心，优化系统

47、结构，进一步的研发手机通信设备工具 （例如个人数传助手，小巧的手机和通信器材）第二，制定移动设备传输信息的标准。symbian的epoc操作系统已经研制成功， 而且爱立信已经在r380中使用了epoc操作系统。无线传输通讯协定无线传输通讯协定(无线传输通讯协定)是一个全球性的协议，是通过移动设备 访问英特网的公开标准。它可以使用户通过移动设备例如手机和便携设备访问整 个移动网络和受据库服务商，不用用不同的设备完成这些任务。无线传输通讯协定允许统过建立“无线传输通讯协定微型浏览器”组织电话信 息的方向，同样地网络浏览器经由英特网-个人计算机提供在线服务。典型地，无 线传输通讯协定监控屏将会显示各

48、种不同的服务或数据入口的若干超链接。和采用无线传输通讯协定的手机一样，爱立信也已经宣布研制出一种无线传输 通讯协定来服务开发者的装备(wapide)和无线传输通讯协定岀入口/代理，用移 动的网络在英特网和局域网络坏境中来桥接无线传输通讯协定申请和服务。除此 z外，爱立信提供应用专利，像是爱立信本土化了英特网(eli)给本地服务，提 供时间和发展环境给无线传输通讯协定申请的无线传输通讯协定应用服务商。爱立信是无线传输通讯协定论坛的四个最初成员之一。自从1997以后，当 它成立的时候，无线传输通讯协定论坛己经得到广泛的工业厂商的支持，他们大部 分都是是世界无线传输通讯协定论坛的成员。最新版的无线传

49、输通讯协定标准，无 线传输通讯协定1.2.1,刚刚被开发出来。我们将尽全力来推进无线传输通讯协定，准备协助运营商和服务提供商在竞争 中处与更有利的地位。这有助于我们调整现今的业务来适应新经济的发展，更有 效的利用资源，用创新的方法与客户沟通。五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译，你想要的工具都在这里！在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领 域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常 必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现 了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：google"翻译,濒道、金山词霸(完 整版本)和cnk广翻译助手”。具体操作过程如下：1 先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献；2遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给google处理，处理后的结 果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明 tt；3如果通过google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对 其中某个“常用单词"理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文 献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过cnki的“翻译助手"