2022年考研英语小作文指导：破解应用文写作(一)

1、精品资料欢迎下载考研英语小作文指导：破解应用文写作（一）私人和公务信函信函（ letter）是用以交涉事务、增进明白、联络友情、沟通思想的重要工具；英语信函主要包括私人信函（ personal letters）和公务信函（ business letters）两大类；公务信函，一般用来处理或争论重要事务，包括邀请信（invitationletter）、感谢信（ thankyou letter）、赔礼信（letterof apologies ）、庆贺信（ letterof congratulations）等；依据一般的格式英语信函主要由六个部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结句、签名；有的信函

2、仍包括附言和附件部分（常用p.s. 表示）；信头（ heading ）信头由发信人地址和发信日期两部分组成，通常写在第一页的右上角；行首可以缩进去写，也可以齐头写；行尾可用也可不用标点符号；值得留意的是，英语书信中的地址与中文正好相反，应当由小到大， 先写门牌号码、街名，再写城市名、州（省）名、邮编、最终再写国名；如：no. 256, chaoyang street beijing, 100069, china日期的写法英、美两种格式都可以，英国次序为“日、月、年”，美国次序就为“月、日、年”，如：27 sep., 2006（英）sep. 27, 2006（美）信内地址（ inside add

3、ress）包括收信人的姓名和地址，一般置于信纸的左上角；在私人信函中，这一部分常常省略；其格式和发信人的姓名、地址一样；称呼（ salutation）称呼位于收信人地址之下的一至二行，顶格写起，自成一行；在私人信函中后面用逗号，在公务信函中就用冒号；正文（ the body of the letter） 信件的主要内容；结句（ complimentary closure）类似于中文中的“此致”“敬礼”这类的话，主要是一些套语；一般是正文终止隔两行另起，独立成行，位于信纸的右角，也可以略居中右方；签名写信人的名字一般签在结尾语下面一至二行处；在私人信函中只需亲笔签名就可以了，而在公务信函中，发信

4、人的亲笔签名应当写在结尾套语和打印的姓名之间；以上几点是英语信函的共同特点；为了考生更好地把握英语信函的写法，下面几部分将具体讲解私人信函和公务信函的具体写法，并为考生供应了经典句型和范文；一、私人信函1. 写作攻略私人信函是一个宽泛的概念，它既可以指公务信函以外的一切信函，也可以指与家人或伴侣之间互通信息、感情这一特定类型的信件；这里我们指后者；私人信函与其他形式的信函最根本的区分在于，私人信函纯粹是出于自愿，就像是同远方的亲友聊家常一样；其内容可以是简短的几句问候、通报近期的情形、抒发对亲友的思念等等；私人信函的格式和其他信函基本一样，不过与其他信函相比，略微任凭一些；地址一般写在信纸的右

5、上角，可用斜列式也可用齐头式，假如是收信人熟识的地址也可以省略不写， 但日期是不能省略的；称呼一般视与收信人的关系而定，一般来说应用比较靠近的称呼；正文部分尽量有 感而发，写作时要特别留意感情的真挚；假如对方在上次的信中提出过什么问题，应当先回答，同时也可 以问对方一些问题，以表示对他/ 她的关怀；私人信函的基本写作结构为“问候及表达写信人的思念之情询问收信人的近况向收信人叙述自己的情形以提议、建议或恳求结尾”；在写给私人信函中可以常用的结尾套语如“yours, ” “ with love,” “ with best wishes” “your affectionately,” “yours

6、sincerely,”等等；当然在实际写作中，要认真审题，弄清晰题目给定的情形，依据要求进行写作；2. 必背模版句式how time flies. and its five months since you left. do you know how we have been missing you lately.光阴似箭！一晃我们分别已经5 个月了；你知道我们最近有多思念你吗？thanks for your letter on june 1st. im now answering your letter and telling you my opinion.感谢你 6 月 1 日的来信；我现

7、在给你回信，说说我的看法；you have no idea how excited i was when i received your letter. i was nearly crazy.你肯定想不到收到你的来信我是多么地兴奋！我几乎都快疯了！it is hard to believe two years have passed since i left beijing for japan. how are you going on these days.真没想到转瞬间我离开北京来日本已有两年了；你最近怎么样？i am delighted to hear you will be comin

8、g to beijing and will be able to visit my family.听说你要来北京，仍要来我家玩我特别兴奋；i am looking forward to hearing from you soon.我期望着能够很快收到你的回信；be sure to write soon. i am eager to hear from you.记得要早点回信，我很想早点收到你的来信；3、必背经典范文范文 1aug. 12, 2006dear mum and dad,i am sorry for not having written to you for such a long

9、time. i am afraid you must thinki have forgottenyou and the whole family.actuallyi reallymiss you, but i have been busy preparing my exam these days. and now i have passed the exam and feel very relaxed as if a heavy burdenhas been removed. i cant help waiting to write to you and so here i am.what a

10、bout dads health. is hestill coughing atnight.i havebeen worryingabout it.the last day i saw an advertisement on a newspaper introducing a new kind of syrup which is said tohave magic effect on coughing. i have bought one bottle and sent it back home by post. have youreceived it. what about the effe

11、ct.please write to me soon, i am eager to hear from you.your daughter,li hua译文亲爱的爸爸妈妈：我为这么长时间没有给你们写信而感到愧疚，唯恐你们都认为我把你们和家人都忘了吧；其实我真的特别思念你们，但这些日子我在忙着预备考试；现在考试通过了，我感觉如释重负，迫不及待地要提笔给你们写信；爸爸的身体怎么样？晚上仍咳嗽吗？我始终特别担忧；前几天我在报纸上看到一就广告，其中介绍了的那种咳嗽药，据说有奇效；我已经买了一瓶寄回去了；你们收到了吗？成效怎么样？尽快给我回信好吗？我早就想收到你们的信了；女儿：李华2006 年 8 月

12、12 日范文 2june. 3, 2006dear mr. liang，it is almost half a year since you saw me off. i can still vividly recall the impressive scenesyou gave. and i could never forget what affectionate care you showed me by helping me carry my suitcase. you cant imagine how i have been missing you these days.from a r

13、ecent letter from mr. chin i am glad to learn that you have returned to the university.i hope you have been gettingalong wellwithyour lifeand studies.i am sending you under separate cover a copy of the latest issue of times. i hope you will find it interesting and useful foryour english.i would grea

14、tly appreciate hearing from you soon.yours sincerely,wang ning译文亲爱的梁先生：自从分别以来，已有半年时间；你对我的种种友情，我至今记忆犹新；我永久都不能遗忘你给我的友好照料，如帮我拎皮箱；你确定想不到这段日子以来我是多么地思念你；近日从陈先生的来信得知你又回到高校上学了，我特别兴奋；期望你生活和学习都很中意；现另包寄上最近出版的时代杂志；信任你看后肯定会觉得有意思，并对你的英语学习有帮忙的；期盼尽快收到你的回信；王宁2006 年 6 月 3 日二、公务信函公务信函是现实生活中应用最广的一类，主要包括邀请信、感谢信、赔礼信、庆贺信、

15、介绍信、申请信、建议信、投诉信、询问信等共九大类，下面将分别进行介绍；（一）邀请信1. 写作攻略邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约，一般分为正式的和非正式的两种；格式与其他信函相同；具体写作步骤：首段：说明与收信人的相关性与写作意图；主体段落：具体交代情形：包括受邀请的人、邀请伴侣要干什么、地点以及具体的时间等内容；并且强调为什么邀请收信人而不是别的伴侣；结尾段：表示期望伴侣的回复；就本质而言正式与非正式的邀请信并没有什么区分，只是正式的邀请信比较留意文采，而且往往需要表现出更大的热诚；邀请信一般都要求考生邀约伴侣参与特别聚会，共度假期，或者拜访自己的家乡等,考生可以采纳半正式文体；2. 必

16、背模版句式i am writing to invite you to.我写信是想邀请你i think it would be a great idea if you could participate in.我想假如你能参与将是一个特别好的想法；i wonder if you can come.我在想你是否能来参与how would you like to join us in.你想不想来参与我们的？would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to.你可以打电话来告知我你能否来？my family and i w

17、ould feel much honored if you could come.假如你能来我们全家都将感到不胜荣幸；i really hope you can make it.我真的期望你能来；we would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.我们兴奋地期望着你的到来；i would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.我期望能在那见到你，请早点让我知道你的打算；3. 必背经典范文dear jane ，i am goingt

18、o have a dinnerpartyat my house on july14, 2006 fridayto celebratemy mother s 60yearoldbirthday.itisan importantoccasionforour family,and as you are a closefriend of us, my parents and i do hope you can come and share our joy.the partywillstartat seven oclockin the evening.there willbe a small music

19、alsoiree, at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. at around eight oclock, we will start our dinner, during which we can talk and laugh together. and then all the friends will take some photos together.i know you have been busy these days, but i do hope you can make it

20、, my family and i lookforward to the pleasure of your company.yours affectionately,gao hui译文亲爱的简：我准备于 2006 年 7 月 14 日（星期五）在我家举办一个晚宴，庆祝我母亲60 大寿；这对我们全家来说是一件大事，作为我们全家的好伴侣，我们真诚地期望你能来参与，共享我们的欢乐；晚宴将于 7 点开头；第一会有一个小型的演奏会，届时我们将观赏到乐队演奏的流行和古典歌曲；8点左右我们开头用餐，伴侣们可以任凭谈天欢乐；最终全部的伴侣们一起照相作为纪念；我知道你最近很忙，但我真的期望你能来，我们全家都在期

21、望着你的光临；你的老伴侣：高慧 二感谢信1. 写作攻略感谢信是对收信人的某一行为表示感谢；感谢信的使用频率特别高，在收到别人的邀请时，受到别人的夸奖时，反正只要对方帮忙过你，不管大小都应当表示感谢；感谢信带有深厚的感情深厚，所表达的感情必需真挚；具体写作步骤：首段：说明写作意图，让对方感受到你的谢意是发自内心的；主体段落：写明感谢的缘由，要绽开说明，可以说具体的理由也可以说接受帮忙的具体事例；比如说你在一家旅社住了一段时间，在那里度过了一段美好的时间，你就可以写信表示感谢；你可以从旅社的服务、客房环境、 饮食卫生等方面来说明感谢的理由；这样绽开就使文章显得充实丰满，也符合正常交际的习惯；结尾段

22、：再次表示感谢；2. 必背模版句型i am writing to express my thanks for.我写这封信是为了表达我对的谢意；i would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for.在信中我要为表达我真挚的谢意；thank you so much for the gift you sent me. its one of the most wonderful gifts i ever got.特别感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好礼物之一；many thanks for all the good

23、 things you have done in helping us to.特别感谢您为帮忙我们所做的一切；i would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.我谨借此机会感谢您赐予我们的准时帮忙和支持；on behalf of my whole family, i would like to extend my sincere gratitude for.我谨代表我全家对表示真诚的感谢之情；nothing will be able

24、 to erase our wonderful memories, we will nurture them forever.没什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永久铭刻在心；thanks again for your kind help.对你的帮忙再次表示感谢；my true gratitude is beyond any wordsdescription.任何语言都不能表达我的真挚谢意；please accept my thanks, now and always.请永久记住我的谢意；your help is very much appreciated by each one of us.我

25、们每个人都特别感谢你；3. 必背经典范文dear staff，i am writing to show my sincere gratitude for all of you. now that i am home and on my ownagain ifeel extremelyhappy. during the time ilivedat the rehabilitationcenterand was under your tender care, i promised myself i would write a letter of thanks as soon as i was ab

26、le.abundant thanks to each one of you for your patience, expertise and genuine concern. it was you who helped me believe in myself and gave me assurance that i could walk again. i would never forget each word you said to me and the things you have done to me. forgive me for the times i lashed out at

27、 you in frustration and thank you for understanding and remaining firm with me.never stop your beautiful way of working with people. your help really means a lot to me andanyone who in trouble as well.affectionately,wang fang译文亲爱的全体工作人员：我写这封信是为了表达我对你们的真诚感谢；现在我又可以一个人在家了，我真的特别兴奋；我在康复中心接受你们的关照时，就已经决心只要

28、一有时间就给你们写感谢信了；对于你们每个人的耐心、专业精神和关怀我表示深深地感谢；是你们使我信任自己能够站着走路；你们说的每一句话、做过的每一件事我都不会遗忘；请原谅我在受挫时对你们大发脾气，感谢你们的懂得和对我的严格要求；连续你们漂亮的事业吧；你们的帮忙对于我和其他需要帮忙的人来说有着特别重要的意义；你们的伴侣： 王芳（三）赔礼信1. 写作攻略赔礼信主要是向收信人说明歉意，恳求对方谅解自己的过失；写赔礼信时要明确不是找借口为自己辩护， 而是承认自己的过错并提出补偿过错的具体建议和方法；此类信件的关键是用词精确，表达真诚；具体写作步骤：首段：重述自己做错的事，表示歉意；主体段落：说明赔礼的具体

29、缘由，应尽量具体描述做错事的经过；写信时应当留意在申述理由时要照料读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理；结尾段：再次说明承认错误的态度，恳求收信人的谅解；也可以提出补救的方法；2. 必背模版句型i would like to give you my apology for.对于我向你赔礼；please accept my sincere apology for.请接受我关于的真诚赔礼；i am indeed very sorry for what i said/did, but believe i had no intention to insult you.对于我说的话 / 做过的事，我的确感到很愧疚

30、；但请信任，我并非要有意羞辱你；lets not put a little misunderstanding between us.可别让我们之间存在哪怕一点点的误会；please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.请原谅我的用词不当；i feel badly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.我为此感到特别内疚，所以想让你知道实情；please accept my apologies for my oversight.请原谅我的疏忽；please allow me to say sorry again.请答应我再次表示歉意；i sincerely ho