(word完整版)初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

1、被动语态语法专项讲解与训练学案适用者：宋潇（一）语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Tom（执）cleans（W 动）the room你）every day.（主动）The room（承）is cleaned（W 动） by Tom（执） every day.（被动）被动语态结构： 助动词 be + 动词的过去分词 done,即 be done ,常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。（二）被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by短语。Word processing skills are ta

2、ught in our computer lessons.（2）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new computers were stolen last night.（3）突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by短语。The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。（三）被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词 be的各种时态变化来体现，done不变。注意主语的单、复 数变化。以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + done2. 一般过去时： was / were + done

3、3. 一般将来时： shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4. 现在完成时： have / has + been + done5. 情态动词：can/may/must/should/have to be done以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done过去完成时： had + been + done过去将来时： should / would + be done（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法My auntinvi

4、ted meto her dinner party.执行者动词承受者f L was invited （by my aunt ） to her dinner party.承受者谓语 by+执行者1 .把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 .把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3 .把主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。练习：1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country.in the south of the country.2. 一般过去时：Nanc

5、y Jackson designed the CD-ROM.The CD-ROM Nancy Jackson.3. 一般将来时:They will hold the charity show in the school hall.The charity show in the school hall.4. 现在完成时： He has brought his book here.His book here.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class.Your homeworkafter class.(五)语态转换时所注意的问

6、题1 .把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误)2 .含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变问 接宾语为主语。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果

7、讪直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上旬还可说：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。(1) The book was shown to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sin盛。(1) A new sk

8、irt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us.3 .由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词、要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：动词 + 介词，如:laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on 等。动词 + 副词，如:sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put aw

9、ay, put off, think over, turn on, wake up 等。The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom.The song is often listened to by girls.4 .带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语 保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)fThe classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept cl

10、ean)(2) She told us not to stay up late.(tell sb not to do )一 We were told not to stay up late .(sb. be told not to do )注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, fee等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都 不带to,但改成被动语态后都补上 to。We often hear him play the guitar.一 He is often heard to play the guitar.记住下列变化:see

11、 sb do be seen to dohear sb do； listen to sb do make sb dobe heard to dobe listened to to dobe made to do5 .有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和 well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示 主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词,不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash,cook等。如：(1)The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。(2)The new computer sells well.这新产

12、品很畅销。(3)The printer prints quickly.这个打印机打印很快。对比：The books sell well.(主动句)The books were sold out.破动句)6 .只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官连系动词无被动意义，如： feel, look, seem, taste, sound, sme阵。(1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.误：The

13、food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如： take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true 等。如：The accident took place last night.误：The accident was taken place last night.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, lie。The

14、 sun has already risen.误：The sun has already been risen.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：I taught myself English.误： Myself was taught English.7 .在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如: 据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.众所周矢口 It is well known that

15、 Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.8.注意区别系表结构(be+adj.)His glasses are broken.系表) The door is closed.倏表) He is surprised.倏表)和被动语态。His glasses were broken by the cat被动) The door was closed by Tom.被动) He was surprised by the snake.被动)被动语态专项练习(一)用动词的正确语态填空。1. English(speak) the most widely in the

16、 world.2. A Piano concert(give) here last Friday.3. The town(call) Rugao.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.5. What a knife(make) of? It(make) of metal and wood.6. The old man is ill. He(must send) to the hospital.7. The room(clean) by Mum already. You dont need to clean it.8. The spo

17、rts meeting(hold) in a week.9. He is happy that his dream(come) true.10. The cinema(build) in 1985.11. The students often(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.12. the magazine(can take) out of the library?三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。(1X30=30分)13. s tea grown in South China ?(改为主动语态)people tea in South

18、China ?1.1 am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(同义句转换)A birthday present by my parents every year3 .The work is going to be finishedin two days.(对划线提问)How the work going to be finished ?4 . The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态)An English song by the children.5 . You needn&

19、#39;t do it now.( 改为被动语态)It by you now.6 . People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态)Metal making machines.7 . He made me do that for him.(改为被动语态)I that for him.8 .They are watching the football match.The football match by them.9 .Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(改为被动语态)a bridge here by t

20、hem a year ago?10 .They have sold out the light green dresses.(改为被动语态)The light green dresses out.11 .We call the game“Lianliankan ” .(改为被动语态)The game "Lianliankan " by us.二.选择题()1.a new library in our school last year?A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build()2.An accident on t

21、his road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened( )3.Cotton in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow( )4.So far,the moon by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history in th school hal

22、l next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives( )6.How many trees this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted( )7.A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done( )8.Neither of them in China. A

23、.is made B.are made C.were made D.made( )9.Look! A nice picture for our teacher. A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws( )10.Your shoes . You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn( )11.The doctor for yet. A.isn't sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't b

24、e sent D.wasn't sent( )12.-When _ this kind of computers? -Last year.A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used( )13.The Great Wall all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known( )14.I in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born( )15.He says that Mr Zhang to the factor

25、y next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent( )16.Who this book ? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written( )17.Mary show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )18.A story by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.i

26、s told us D.told us( )19.The monkey was seen off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put( )21.Older people well.A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after( )22.Our teacher carefully.A

27、.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened被动语态专项练习(二)一、把下列句子改写成被动语态1 .They make machines in that factory. 2 .Every body likes this song. 3 .He doesn't show the stamps to me. 4 .People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.5 .He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble

28、.6 .Do the workers build many buildings? 7 .Does Kate sometimes break glasses? 8 .Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? 9 .What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?10 .How many desks do they buy every term?11 .They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.12 .Granny told us a story last

29、 night.二.选择题：()1. Great changes in China.A. are happened B. was happened C. has happened D. have happened ()3. The Great Wall all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known()4. Who this book?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ()5. A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told usD. told us()6.The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jumpB. jumps C. jumped D. to jump()7. The school bag behind the chair.A. putsB. can be put C. be put D. can