牛津深圳版八年级上英语知识点归纳

1、八年级上英语 知识点归纳 牛津深圳版Chapter 1 : Water不可数名词可数名词可数名词或不可1 .a little, much, no, too much, too little, not enough +2 .a few, many, no, too many, too few, not enough, many a +3 .A lot of, lots of, some, no, not enough, a great deal of +数名词4 .A little = not much a few = not many5 .经常在否定句中用 "much",

2、e.g. There is not much water.6 .与 There be 句型搭配：There are a lot of people in the swimming pool.7 .用在特殊疑问句中：How much food is there? How many oranges are there?8 ." need"的用法，两种词性：A.情态动词：need do sth./ needn't do sth.B.实意动词： need to do sth./ don't need to do sth./ need sb to do sth.C.

3、We need water for drinking ( 表示目的)9 . It be +( very much, quite, rather , a little,) 形容词 + for sb + to soIf从句用一般时态sth. 对某人而言做某事比较 一，e.g. It's very important for us to learn English well.10 .由"If"引导的状语从句：主句用将来时态,A.现在时态一 We will be thirsty to death if there is no water.B. 过去时态一 We would

4、have arrived at home if there was no traffic jam.C. 将来时态 They will go to American if they get their passport and Visa.11 .英语中分数词的表达法：A.用“基数词+序数词”表示 ：其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母，分子除用one外，也可用a;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。 但是，1/2不能说a (one) second, 而要说 a (one) half 。e.g. one tenth, a tenth, two fifths, a half, three eighths

5、, a quarter, three quarters, one fourth, three fourths,B.分数修饰名词时，若该名词是不可数名词只能用单数；若是可数名词，用单数或复数均可。但是，若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。例如：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen.氧气只 占空气的 1/5。About two thirds of the students attend the meeting.大约 2/3 的学生都参加了会议。C.用“基数词+介词+基数词”表示：借助介词表示分数，介词

6、前的数词是分子，介 词后的数词是分母，一般介词用 "out of, of, in, to".例如：.Ninety-nine people outof a hundred , if they were asked who first found America, would answer Clumbus.如 果要问是谁首先发现美洲I, 一百个人中有九十九个（百分之九十九）将回答是哥伦布。12 . Until一词的用法：A.当谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定形式：You can wait here until help comes.（直到.才）B.当谓语动词时非延续性动词时，用否

7、定形式：She didn't go to bed until herdaughter came back.（直到她女儿回来了她才睡觉）C.是否用not要取决于动词时延续性还是非延续性的，即使动词用否定形式，在翻译成汉语的时候都要说成“直到 才.”。D." it was not until.that.",强调句型。It was not until her daughter cameback that she went to bed.E. Not until 放在句首，句子要倒装：Not until her daughter came back did she goto

8、 bed.13.常用短语：Believe it or not, flush the toilet, at least, pour into the sink, waste water, clean up, in the first place.Chapter 2 School newspaper1 ." suggest" 用法：建议，暗示，同义词 "advise",A. Suggest + doing sth. : She suggests going shopping at weekend.B. Suggest + that （ should ） do

9、 sth. He suggested that school should hold a sports event.2 .Take charge of = be in charge of ,由. 负责； be in the charge of .某物在某人的掌控之下She takes charge of all books in the library.She is in charge of all books in the library.All books in the library is in the charge of her.3 ." ask" 的用法：ask

10、sb ( not ) to do sth. / ask for help, sth./ ask ab about sth.He asked me to fetch waterHe asks me about the whether in England.He asks for help.4 ." how often, 多久.' How often do you take exercise ?5 ." agree "的用法：A. agree with sb. 同义某人的观点，意见，想法，分析： In my opinion, weshould not play

11、 computer games frequently. Yes , I totally agree with you.B. Agree to sth.表示一方提出意见，观点，计划，另一方写作，We agree to theirarrangement.C.Agree on/ upon sth:指双方通过协商而取得一致意见，We agree on the price.D.Agree to do sth.= agree on doing sth. 同意某人做某事 They agree to conclude the meeting soon.( 不能用 agree sb to do sth.)1.1

12、 n one week's time = one week later表示在一星期之后，一般用于将来时。7 ." finish " 用法：finish doing sth./ finish sth完成某事8 ." take part in " & " join in " & " join "的用法：A. Take part in ,常指参加某活动，聚会等：She took part in Helen' s birthday party yesterday.B. Join in, 常指

13、参加某活动，聚会等 ：Would you like to join in the dancing with us ?C.Join 常指参加某团体，组织，军队等：Pupils are proud of joining Young Pioneer.9.Should & ought to :两者都“应该"，用法基本相同，区别在于：(1) ought to比should语气强，should 表示主观看法，一些建议，劝说时，译作“应 当"。ought to ,直接接动词原形，更多反映客观情况，“有义务”或“必要”做某事， 译为“应当，应该”(2) ought to的否定就表示

14、做某事一定是错误的而should的否定就表示某动作不一定要做。A. I/You/He/She/We/They should + do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They ought to do sthB. I/You/He/She/We/They should not + do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They ought not to do sthC. I/You/He/She/We/They shouldn't do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They oughtn't to do sthD. g She ought

15、to take care of her sister. = She should take care of her sister.You oughtn ' t to be late for school. You shouldn' t be late for school.10.感叹句形式：A. What a/an + 形容词+名词+主语+谓语B. How +形容词、副词 +主语+谓语e.g. What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful girl she is!What an exciting new it is ! = How

16、exciting the new is !How quickly he ran !1.Hundreds of , thousands of, millions of, billions of.成百上千，成千上万，成万上亿.12.常用短语：hold a meeting, elect the chief editor, vote for （为.投票），take charge of =be in charge of , ask for, take notes（of ）, be responsible for, takeover, be free to readers, pay for sth., a

17、gree to do sth. Conclude the meeting , bring the meeting to the end, give out newspaper （出版）,commonsense, put a mark on, write down, at the New Year's Party, in all （总共）,march around the street, take partin, at the end （of ）, in the end, take place, be on fire（着火）,be born in （出身于）,science fictio

18、n film, adventure film, what a shame, congratulations! Well done, you deserve to win. Long time no see. I'm sorry but., find out.Chapter 3 Detectives and CrimesI.The + adj.:表示一类人，the old 老人，the young 年轻人，the guilty 有罪 之人，当这类词做主语时，谓语动词要用三人称单数形式：e.g. The old always needs tobe taken care of.保护某人.不受

19、影响，相当于"2 ." protect" 用法：protect sb from doing sth,prevent from".阻止某人受影响。The government tried best to protect local villagers from being threatened by the flood.The government tried best to prevent local villagers from being threatened by the flood.3 ."deny" 用法：deny doin

20、g sth. E.g. He denied stealing Li's bag.4 ." admit" 用法：admit doing sth.承认做某事。She admitted taking away herroommate's camera.5 .非谓语动词（infinitives ）: to do & doing两种形式A. refuse, offer , decide, fail, pretend, agree, promise + to do sth.（只能加不定式）B.区另1J remember to do sth. / doing st

21、h. , Stop to do sth./ stop doing sth., forget to do sth./ forget doing sth., like to do/ like doing, try to do sth/ try doing sth, go on to do sth/ go on doing sth, mean to do sth./ mean doing sth.C. Enjoy, practice, finish, admit, suggest,avoid, deny, forgive, + doing sth.（只能加动名词）D. Begin/start/lea

22、rn + to do sth = doing sth.加动名词和不定式意思相近。6 .” On + 具体时间”，He went to hospital on May 8 th, 2011.7 ." knock at one's door " 敲某人的人一8 .常用短语： protect the innocent, as well as, find the guilty, alone, lock sth in the safe, report the theft, look for clues, the same as, no longer, not at all,

23、break into one's house （破门而入）,go to jail/ go to prison, behind bar （在监狱中），fake money （ 假钱），in the case of., instead of, short of sth.（缺少东西）,play games with sb., share information, bump into.Chapter 4 Computer Technology1 .形容词的比较级与最高级 ：形容词有三种等级：原级、比较级、最高级。A.原级：句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是very, so, too, quite

24、 , rather等修饰。e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。（一个人不作比较。）8 .比较级和最高级构成：1）单音节或少数双音节词一般在原级后加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。e.g. small smaller smallestyoung younger youngest2）以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，直接加 r或st构成比较级和最高级。e.g. Nice nicer - nicest late- later - latest3）以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变 y为i ,再加er或est,构成比较级和最高级。 e.g. Busy busi

25、er - busiest heavy heavier - heaviest4）在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er或est ,构成比较级和最高级。e.g. hot hotter hottestbigbigger - biggest5）多音节词前加“ more”构成比较级，加“ most”构成最高级，形容词的最高级前要 加the,副词的最高级前面可省略the。6）有些词语没有最高级，因为它本身就是最高级，例如： favorate/ favourate.7）个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。e.g. good （well） better

26、- best bad （badly, ill） worse worst many（much） more most Little less least Far - fatherfarthest 或 further - furthestC.形容词各级用法归纳：1）原级（同级）比较： as- - as - -; not as（so）as We ll give you as much help as we can.She isn ' t as(so) active in sports as before.2)比较级：表示两者之间比 更可用状语 much, a little, even等修饰：H

27、e made fewer mistakes than I did.He is even richer than I.3)最高级：形容词最高级前必须加the,副词最高级前常省略the,后面多用of，in短语表示范围：It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.He is the tallest of the three.4)如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the ,而且还用of the two, ofthe pair 短语：John is the clever of the two boys.Of the tw

28、o boys, John is the clever.5)表示是最中的一个用“one of the most./形容词的最高级”句型。Yangtz river is one of the longest river all over the world.6)表示“第几.”用“the + 序数词+最高级+名词单数”：The Yellow river is the second longest river in the world.7) " the more., the better "句型：越.越.The more exercise you have taken, the h

29、ealthier you will be.8)比较级+ and + 比较级，表示“越来越.”，Drinking water will make you look more and more beautiful.2." prefer"的用法：1) 后接不定式时与 rather than 或instead of 连用：He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. / He perferred to die instead of stealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。2) 注意介词搭配，如： I prefer swimming to ska

30、ting. (I like swimming better than skating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more或 most连用。3) prefer +名词或动名词"宁愿"，"更喜欢"：He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice.他是上海人，因止匕更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。4) prefer to do "愿意做”。I prefer to go

31、at once. 我愿意马上就走。5) prefer sb. to do"愿意某人做”I prefer you to go out at once.我倒希望你马上就走。6) prefer sth to sth./ prefer doing sth. to doing sth."宁愿做而不做”.I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out.我宁愿看电视也不出去。7) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth."宁愿做.而不做.”，但是不能说prefe

32、r sth rather than sthI prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。8) prefer + that从句"宁愿"(从句一般用虚拟语气)I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事。3.In the 1960s, 意为“在 20世纪60年代”4 ."way"的用法：1) " the way to do sth."表示做某事的方法：There are many ways to learn a foreign language w

33、ell.2) " the way of doing sth."表示做某事的方法：There are many ways of learning a foreign language well.3) " on one's way to + 地名",在某人去某地的路上；也可以引申为“在某人做某事， 成为。的路上”She was on her way to school when I came across her this afternoon.He has been on his way to a scientist with his diligen

34、ce and study.4) " the way "引导定语从句时，一般用“that, in which, 或者省略"I really appreciate the way that you teach me to swim.=I really appreciate the way in which you teach me to swim.=I really appreciate you teach me to swim.5 .常用短语：be unaware of sth, dependent on sth, the answer to the questio

35、n, for the time being (暂时),have understanding of sth, be good at doing sth, raise questions (弓I 发问题),in one's opinion, in reply to the question at the end, link sth together,难得，几all over the world, a wide range of, come into existence. Hardly ever (乎不），Chapter 5 Historical Stories1 .Tooto句型：太 而不

36、能，与“ so - - .that ”句型有相似：e.g. The box is too heavy to carryThe box is so heavy that I cannot carry it.2 .Except for 除了 ，表示不包括一事物在内In addition to , apart from, besides, except 均表示 “除了 之夕卜，还有。 一e.g. She likes all kinds of movies except for the horric.（表示她不喜欢恐怖电影）Except for horric, she likes all kinds

37、of movies.（表示她喜欢恐怖电影）3 .Succeed in doing sth.成功做某事，反义词：fail to do sth.（做某事不成功）4.定于从句： has/have done sth.A.动词的过去式与过去分词构成：1） 般在动词词尾力口edo E.g. work worked, rain rained, watchwatched2）如果动词以字母 e结尾，变过去式时直接在词尾加do例如：love loved,live lived,change changed3）如果动词是以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，变过去式时，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 edo例

38、如：stop stopped,plan planned,drop dropped4）如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾，变过去式时要变y为i再加ed。例如：study studied,carry carried,try tried5） 一些特殊词汇的过去时与过去分词形式需区别记忆，如下表所示：动词原形过去时过去分词动词原形过去时过去分词常用型A-A-A 型dodoesdiddonebroadcastbroadcastbroadcastbewaswerebeencostcostcostgowentgonecutcutcutbecomebecamebecomehurthurthurtspendspent

39、spentletletletmeetmetmetputputputhearheardheardreadreadreadgetgotgotshutshutshutmakemademadehithithitloselostlostsetsetsetseesawseenmustmustmustbeginbeganbegunspreadspreadspreadknowknewknownA-B-Agivegavegivenbecomebecamebecomeeatateeatencomecamecomeforgetforgotforgottenrunranrunbreakbrokebrokencanco

40、uldcouldA-B-Bwillwouldwould A - A-oughtaughtA-oughtaughtmaymightmightbringbroughtbroughtmustmustmustbuyboughtboughttaketooktakenfightfoughtfoughtbringbroughtbroughtthinkthoughtthoughthurthurthurtcatchcaughtcaughtletletletteachtaughttaughtmakemademadefindfoundfoundreadreadread A - A-d+t A-d+tcomecame

41、camebuildbuiltbuilt其他lendlentlentsellsoldsoldsendsentsenttelltoldtoldspendspentspentholdheldheld A - A+edt A+edtlaylaidlaidburnburnedburntburnedburntpaypaidpaiddreamdreamtdreamtsaysaidsaidlearnlearnedlearntlearnerlearnthearheardheardsmellsmelledsmeltsmelledsmeltmeanmeantmeantspellspelledspeltspelled

42、speltstandstoodstood A - A-e A+t-eunderstandunderstoodunderstoodfeelfeltfeltshineshoneshonekeepkeptkeptwinwonwonsleepsleptsleptdigdugdugsweepsweptsweptstickstuckstuckfeedfedfedgetgotgotmeetmetmetmakemademadeA-B-CloselostlostA - A-i 变a - a 变usitsatsatbeginbeganbegunleadledleddrinkdrankdrunkleaveleftl

43、eftringrangrunghanghunghungsingsangsung无规则swimswamswumdodoesdiddone A - B - A+nenbewaswerebeenblowblewblowngowentgonegrowgrewgrownseesawseenknowknewknownflyflewflownthrowthrewthrownlielaylain（躺；平卧）drawdrewdrawnliedlied（说谎）drivedrovedrivenhanghungHung （悬挂）givegavegivenhangedHanged （绞死）riseroserisensh

44、akeshookshakenshowshowedshowneatateeatenfallfellfallenforgetforgotforgotte nhidehidhiddenrideroderiddenwritewrotewrittentaketooktaken A - B - B+nenbreakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokenstealstolestolenchoosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenwakewokewokenwearworewornB.现在完成时的用法：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示

45、过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。1）构成:肯定句：主语 + have/has +过去分词+其他。（当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have）否定式：主语+ haven't/hasn't +过去分词+ 其他。疑问式：Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其他？简略答语：Yes, 主语+ have/has.（肯定）No,主语 + haven't/hasn't.（ 否定）2） 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：a.以already, just 和yet为标志 ，already, just 和yet

46、表示到现在为止动作 或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。She has already finished her homework.（ already 用在肯定句中）He hasn ' t finished her homework yet.（yet 一般用于否定句或疑问句中）b.以ever和never为标志，ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来 没有发生过。Nancy is the most beautiful girl she has never met before.（ Never 用于陈述句表否定）Have you ever visited Shenzhen? （e

47、ven般用于肯定句或疑问句）c.以动作发生的次数为标志，若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。I have been to Beijing for three times.d. 以so far , recently , nowadays,by 为标志， so far 往往表示至U目前为止动 作或状态已经发生。Recently, great changes have taken place in China.e.过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束，也可能继续延续，这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。She has stayed in America

48、 for three years（for 指段时间）She has lived with her grandmother since her parents moved to another city.（since指一点的时间）5.Be made of: 由.组成（看得清原材料的）/ Be made from 由.组成（看不清原材料的）The crown is made of gold. The paper is made from wood.相近短语：consist of = be made up of 由.构成China is made up of many provinces.6.常用词

49、语：run a competition, rush down, run up the stairs,look down at （向下看），capturethe city, take away, on wheel （带轮子的）,drag into the city（ 拉近城），by midnight, makejokes about （开玩笑）,except for （除了 一，exclude ）, sweep the floor, make the bed, wash the dishes, hang up the clothes,fix the chair, empty the rubbis

50、h bin, paint the wall, mend the hole, get rid of rats,save money, pack one' ssuitcase , lion dance, firework display, dragon boat race, take sb for a walk,leave sb a message/ note, get into the bath, comeout of, send sb to prison.take turn （轮流，依次）Chapter 6 Fish Story1 .形容词变副词的规则：一般直接加ly，“元e”去e加l

51、y , “辅y”改i力口 ly , “le ”结尾e改y,A. 一般情况下直接加“ ly ”，以“y”结尾的，先将“ y”改成" i :再加“ ly ”，少数 以e结尾的形容词，要去掉 e再加-ly 。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加 -ly 。分 别举例如下：quick quickly,true truly,happyhappily, possible possibly.B.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly 。如：busy-busily;angry-angrily; easy-easilyC.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e

52、,然后再加-y 或-ly。如：terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gentlyD.副词还可以由形容词加前缀 a-得来，如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.), lonely-aloneE.多音节y结尾的词，将y改为i后加ly easy-easily , happy-happily, heavy-heavily单音节 y 结尾的词 直接加 ly gay-gayly (gaily) , sly-slyly (slily)以ue结尾的词 去e加ly true-truly以 le 结尾的词 去 e 力口 y gentle-gently , poss

53、ible-possibly其他以 e 结尾的词 一律加 ly nice-nicely , wise-wisely , polite-politely以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully以 ic 结尾的词 加 ally automatic-automatically , energetic-energeticallyF.需注意：friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。G.在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，如early, much, fast, little,wide, loud 等。Thank you very much. (adv.)多谢。

54、There is much water in the river. (adj.)河里有很多水。The music is too loud . Please turn it down. (adj.)音乐声太大,请调彳氐点。He speaks loud enough. So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.)他说话的声音很大，所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。H.还有一类副词和形容词词义相同，但拼写却不同，如well和good。He speaks good English. 他讲一 口 流利的英语。He speaks English

55、well. 他英语讲得不错。I. Hard, fast, late 既可以做形同词，也可作副词，但是加 ly之后他们的意思不一 样Hard-hardly(几乎不)Late-lately (最近，前不久)2.Apologize to sb for sth.:因某事而像某人道歉。3.It is good for sb to do sth.4.Be suitable for sth.对某事是适合的。5.常用短语：had better do sth happy makes a very good living, according to, lay egg, in no time (很快，立即)，sell out of sth ( 售光，脱销),leave for (=go away to动身去某地，前往某地)，be satisfied with sth.(对一满意)，take pleasure in doing sth ( 乐于做某事), want a nap, once upon a time, there lived an