现代大学英语精读3第一单元知识点归纳

1、unit1 i.word study affection n.a gentle feeling of love and caring examples: every mother has/feels affection toward her children. he is held in great affection.affectionate a. he looks at her with affectionate looks.cf: affectationn.矫饰affirmv.to declare (usually again) positively; strengthen belief

2、s, ideas, or feelings examples: affirm one s judgment/innocence affirm sth. to sb. affirm that it is true affirmative a. affirmative reply/nod/reaction apply she is applying for a scholarship. ointment ?ntm?nt n. 软膏, 油膏we should apply what we have learned to practice. a/the fly in the ointment not a

3、ll natural laws can apply to human society. 扫兴的人；煞风景的事物apply some of this ointment to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone. capability n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth. examples: he has the capabilities of solving/to solve practical problems. it s qui

4、te above his capabilities. ability :the power to do sth. well acquired naturally or by learning capacity : ability to hold, contain, or learn faculty: a special ability he has the ability to do the work, but he s too lazy and won t do it.the book is within the reading capacity of young readers. the

5、auditorium has a seating capacity of 300 people. he has a faculty for painting. contribute v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc. b. to help to cause or produce examples: contribute food and clothing for the refugees contribute to the red cross exercises contribute toone s health. dri

6、nking contributed to his ruin. distributev. to give things to a large number of people; spread sth. over an area examples: distribute pictures among children distribute magazines to subscribers distribute manure over a field (manure m?n?, -nj? n. 肥料;粪便) counselv. (fml.) to advise n. advice; opinion;

7、 suggestion counselor n. adviser; lawyer examples: counsel care in the forthcoming negotiation he counseled them giving up/to give up the plan. distincta. clearly different or belonging to a different type b. easily seen, understood; plain examples: silk is distinct from rayon. they are similar in f

8、orm but distinct in kind. there is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation rayon re?n. he is at a distinct a dvantage in the competitionn. 人造丝 ;人造纤维丝n. distinction ad. distinctly distinctive a. serving to mark a difference or make distinct example: soldiers wear a distinctive uniform. endeavorev

9、. (fml.) to try very hard n. (fml.) effort; attempt examples: he endeavoreo calm himself down but in vain. his endeavors to persuade her to go with him failed. endowment n. a. a quality or ability that someone has naturally b. money, property, etc. given to provide an income examples: they are men o

10、f great endowments. the oxford and cambridge colleges have numerous endowments. endow . a. to possess naturally, be born with b. to give a college, hospital, etc. a large sum of money that will provide it with an income examples: she is endowed with both beauty and brains. that hospital is privately

11、 endowed. ethical a.connected with principles of what is right and what is wrong examples: an ethical principlean ethical basis for education ethnica. a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular cultural group examples: ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants excessivea. much more

12、than is reasonable or ecessary examples: excessive rainfall excessive charges excess n. an excess of enthusiasm. that is a city with a population in excess of two million. handlev. a. to touch, lift or turn with the hands b. to operate with the hands c. to manage, control or cope with d. to buy and

13、sell examples: this box contains delicate china. please handle with care. this computer is easy to handle. this shop does not handle imported goods. we have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully. inheritv. to receive (genetic characters) from ones parents examples: inherit m

14、oney/estate/title(头衔) she inherited her mother s good looks and her father s bad temper.n. inheritance继承 遗留物 继承权n. heritage （非物质文化）遗产 ,传统interpreta. to make clear the meaning of (either in words or by artistic performance) b. to consider to be the meaning of c. to give an immediate oral translation

15、of examples: interpret a difficult passage in a book we interpreted his silence as a refusal. will you interpret for the foreign visitors? n. interpreter 口译工作者 ;口译译员n. interpretation解释, 说明; 诠释；表演 ; 演奏inhibition n. (psych.) a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you r

16、eally want to example: wine weakens a person s inhibitions. inhibitv. to hinder; to restrain inhibit sb. from doing sth. involvev. a. to include as a necessary part or result b. to affect examples: all reforms involv e certain tasks. he was deeply involved in the scandal the building of the dam invo

17、lved relocating almost one million people. you have to involve every country in the fight against global warming. a. involved n. involvement observe v. a. to see or notice; watch carefully b. to say by way of comment c.遵守examples: the accused was observed trying to force the lock of the door. some s

18、cientists observed that global warming is not necessarily related to human activities. n. observation a. observant 善于观察的 ;观察力敏锐的；严守教规的occur v. a. to happen b. to come into one s mind suddenlyn. occurrence examples: over the years many floods have occurred in that area. it occurred to him that there

19、was a better way to do it. i guess it never occurred to him to put aside some money for a rainy day. perceivev. (fml.) to become aware of, esp. throughthe eyes or the mind examples: musicians can perceive small differences in sounds. he gradually perceived thatlanguage and culture can t be separated

20、.a. perceptive 洞察力强的adv. perceptively n. perceptiveness 洞察力强 ;敏锐;理解力a. perceptible 可感觉感受到的 ,可理解的 ,可认识的n. perception project v. a. to planb. to cause a shadow, an outline, etc. on a surfacec. to present sb./sth./yourself to other people in a particular way, esp. one that gives a good impression examp

21、les: project a dam/a new canal project a picture on a screen project the future roles as men or women shrinkv. a. to make or become smaller, esp. through wetting b. to move back; show unwillingness to do sth. examples: will this shirt shrink in the wash? car sales have been shrinking recently. a shy

22、 man shrinks from meeting strangers. contract v. to make or become smaller or shorter; make or become tighter or narrower examples: metals contract as they become cool. (n.合同 v.订合同，染上 ) contract one s muscles/the brows(眉)/forehead ii.phrases and expressionsbe equal tov.to be just as good as; have st

23、rength, courage,ability etc. for sth. examples: many of our products are equal to the best in the world. it is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color. he is equal to doing this task. dawn on/upon v.to begin to appear; grow clear to the mind cf:it o

24、ccurs to sb. thatexamples: the truth began to dawn on him. it suddenly dawned on me that there was another thing that contributed to their economic success. drag one s feetv.(figurative usage) to delay deliberately examples:the local authorities are dragging their feet closing these coal mines. i ca

25、n understand why they are dragging their feet over this reform. the reason is that it will affect their personal interests. for certain ad.certainly; definitely; no doubt examples: he is probably an accountant. i don t know for certain. i can t say for certain how much this car will cost. it must be

26、 in the neighborhood of two hundred thousand yuan. freedom/free from no longer having sth. you do not want freedom from taxationfreedom of press/speechexamples: the most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger. an ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppression

27、 we look forward to a world founded upon essential human freedoms. the first is freedom of speech and expressioneverywhere in the world. the second is freedom of every person to worship god in his own way everywhere in the world. the third is freedom from want everywhere in the world. the fourth is

28、freedom from fear anywhere in the world. “ franklin d. roosevelt go through1) to be passed or approved the bill did not go through. 2) to be concluded the deal did not go through. 3) to discuss in detail let s go through the arguments again. 4) to search the police went through the pockets of the su

29、spected thief. 5) to complete let s go through the exercises.6) to undergo; suffer he seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through. 7) to consume; use up it did not take albert very long to go through his inheritance. 8) to continue firmly to the end knowing full well the difficulties the w

30、ork involved, they were still determined to go through with it. pull through 1)to make sth. or sb. through by pulling the eye of the needle is too small and i can t pull the thread through.2) to survive a difficult or dangerous situation that newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, bu

31、t it will pull through. 3) to recover or help to recover from illness he was badly injured in the accident, but the doctors made every effort to pull him through. in turnthe candidates were summoned in turn to see the examiner. theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. in/with relatio

32、n toas regards; concerning examples: i have a lot to say in relation to that affair. the project was outlined with relation to available funds. in a different light in a different way examples: after i took that course, i began to see the world in a different light. what he did made us see him in a

33、different light. in the light of after considering (sth.) he decided to make further improvements on the computer s design in the light of the requirements of customers. shed/throw a new light on to make sth. clearer; provide new information these facts shed a new light on the matter. independent fr

34、om/ofnot dependent on or controlled by other persons or things examples: if you have a car, you are independent from/of trains and buses. that s an objective law independent from/of man s will.cf: promotion is dependent on/upon one s record of success.stand back1) to stand to the rear the child stoo

35、d back at the sight of the ferocious dog. 2) to distance oneself mentally in order to understand or judge better sometimes an administrator must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of events. 3) to withdraw or retreat from making discussions, influencing events, etc. she ran the family and her husband stood back. iii.word buildingiv.from the text developmental changes move from adolescence to young adulthood identity crises genetic endowment chance event later adolescent stage pursue a college education enter the work wo