专业英语四级考试词汇讲义

1、专业英语四级考试词汇讲义词汇题第一节 从词性方面对考题的分析词汇的考点1.词性考点（1）动词词性辨析 第一 动词是否及物 第二 及物动词是加一个宾语还是两个宾语还是加宾语加宾补 双宾：及物动词+ somebody + something 宾语加宾补：及物动词+名词/代词+名词/do/ doing /to do/形容词 动词+ something + done例：63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A. The directors appointed John manager. B. I gave Mary

2、 a Christmas present. C. You have done Peter a favour. D. She is teaching children English.在记动词时，注意记熟词僻意现象。strike n.罢工 vt. 敲击，撞击，点火 vi.（疾病/灾难）侵袭 （2）名词词性辨析 （3）形容词词性辨析 熟悉的词变形容词，词义和原词意会有很大差别（4）副词词性辨析 注意熟词僻意现象例：72. I must leave now. _,if you want that book Ill bring it next time.A Accidentally B Inciden

3、tallyC Eventually D Naturally 76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did _. A. absolutely B. accidentally C. accordingly D. accurately（5）固定搭配例：67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _.A battle B day C ro

4、ad D tunnel55. Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week.A dismissedB dischargedC expelledD resigned（6）短语辨析 第二节 从词型和词义方面对考题的分析词汇考点：单词和短语一 单词考法1.同义词，近义词，含义比较看 read (看书，看报) /watch（看电视）/see（看电影）/look at（看黑板） 听 listen to（听音乐）/ hear （听见某人说话） 说 speak（说阴雨）/say（说再见）/tell（说故事）/talk（大家说）/ utter（说话声，发声）2.形近词辨

5、析 3.纯单词辨析4.形近意近词辨析ensure ensure sb. sth. ensure (that) 句子assure assure sb. of assure (that) 句子guarantee guarantee to do guarantee for sth. guarantee (that)句子insure insure against二 短语考法1.短语辨析2.固定搭配3.俚语习语 听力中听到什么不选什么（have a ball 过得愉快，玩得高兴）；阅读理解中看到什么不选什么（on ones last leg 死掉了）。例：68. The thieves fled wit

6、h the local police close on their _.A backs B necks C toes D heels76. When invited to talk about his achievements+ he refused to blow his own _ and declined to speak at the meeting.A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute第三节 词汇词的解题方法（一、二、三）一 同义词、近义词和含义比较题的题解题技巧1. 固定搭配76. According to the new tax law,

7、 any money earned over that level is taxed at the _of 59 percentA ratioB percentage C proportion D rate69. The economic recession has meant that job _ is a rare thing.A security B safety C protection D secureness2.指代关系76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was _.A l

8、eaking B trickling C dripping D floating58. I couldnt sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was _.A drainingB droppingC spillingD dripping 77. Thousands of _at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.A audienceB participants C spectatorsD observers68. T

9、here were 150 _ at the international conference this summer.A. spectators B. viewers C. participants D. onlookers 56. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _.A invaluableB pricelessC unworthyD worthless3.包含关系A>B 一般选包含关系大的；但空格左右特具体时，选包含关系小的。例：63. During the summer holiday seas

10、on it is difficult to find a(n) _ room in the hotels here.A emptyB vacantC freeD deserted60. During the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.A emptyB blankC desertedD vacant62. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few _ from the novel.A piecesB

11、essaysC fragmentsD extracts61. The new colleague _to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.A confessesB declaresC claimsD confirms65. I think you can take a(n) _ language course to improve your English.A intermediateB middleC mediumD mid63. The tenant left nothing behi

12、nd except some _ of paper, cloth, etc.A sheetsB scrapsC pages D slices74. Do you own your apartment or are you a _?A. tenant B. customer C. client D. proprietor二 形近词辨析或纯单词辨析题的解题方法1.固定搭配2.看词意3.看词性4.看及物跟不及物的区别例：62. He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.A eradicationB exclusionC extensionD inclu

13、sion68. The bar in the club is for the _use of its members.A extensiveB exclusiveC inclusive D comprehensive58. There has been a _ lack of communication between the union and the management.A regretfulB regrettable C regretting D regretted63. Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his mo

14、ney.A economicB thriftyC frugal D careful67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them.A. considerableB. considering C. considerate D. considered80. The couple has donated a not _ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderable B inconsiderateC inaccurate D incompara

15、ble第四节 例题讲解（一、二、三）66. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _ his new album soon.A. release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearsere 相当于again “再一次，又一次”：rewrite/ review/ revise/ resign 相当于banck “回来”：return/reverse/recession/revive70. Tim has failed three courses this semester, s

16、o he will have to _ them next semester.A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise57. Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.A recovering B restoringC renewingD reviving78. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _ slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB reco

17、vered C restored D revived67. A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoring C renovating D renewing73. The scientists have made an _ study of the viruses that cause the disease.A. exhausted B. exhausting C. exhaustive D. exhaustion55. The firs

18、t two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the _.A latterB latestC laterD last67. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally _ the rank of deputy director.A. ac

19、hieved B. approached C. attained D. acquired64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film _"? A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet71. The team has been working overtime on the research project _.A. lately B. just now C. late D. long ago79. The prie

20、st made the _ of the cross when he entered the church.A mark B signal C sign D gesture61. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a _ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway.A sign B mark C signal D board78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-avai

21、lable products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys.A benefit B availability C suitability D convenience78. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _ until the motorway is repaired.A. discontinued B. suspended C. halted D. ceased69. Come on, Jack

22、, tell me the story. Dont keep me in _.A. suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender第五节 短语短语辨析题的做题方法：通过动词和介副词本身意思来猜例：through 通过，穿过，度过，透过read through 浏览go through 经历look through 透过来看The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally _.A）pulled out B）pulled through C）pulled u

23、p D）pulled over77. Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _.A pull back B pull up C pull through D pull out58. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to _with some of her most treasured possessions.A divideB separate C part D abandon.70. The football match was _ beca

24、use of the heavy rain.A. called over B. called up C. called out D. called off78. He listened hard but still couldn't _ what they were talking about.A. make over B. make up C. make upon D. make out67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging _ in the street.A. about B. on C. over D

25、. out第六节 根据首字母考试频率记忆单词（一、二）一 不重要的6个首字母X Y Z 重点记：yield n.产量 vi. yield to屈服，让步J K Q重点记：keep短语二 很重要的10个字母A B C D E I P R S T 高频前缀：Aacc/add/app/arr/att/aff/agg/assaccess to 接近have access to 有权利使用Ccom/con/coconsistent 一贯的 不变的consistent 不变的 恒定的consistently 相当于alwayscontinual 时断时续，有间断 continuous 连续不断的，没有间断

26、Dde/disdecline 下降，拒绝 decrease下降 depression 经济衰退，压抑 debate辩论disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜欢 distribute分配，分发 indispensable不可缺少的Eex/enexclude排除enrich 使丰富enlarge扩大entitle 给权利（或资格）entitle sb. to (do) sth.enable 使能够Iin/im/idinclude包含 import进口作为否定词时，in没有要求，什么字母开头普都可以；im要求加在m，p开头的单词前。Ppre/pro/pu/plpre/pro 相当于befor

27、e 在之前progress 取得进步，发展predict语言RreSst/su/se/subset短语sub次，亚，下subhealth亚健康subway地铁submit呈上，提交Ttr/tetrans从到transmit传输，传播transfer转移，转学，调动工作 transfer sb. to someplacetransform 变革transplant移植transport 运输三 记忆单词的方法：大量背，大量忘，大量留下：1.认知；2.挪窝认识；3.在英语的语境中使用单词1. 坚持循环记忆在阅读中记忆单词，创造与单词多见面的机会2. 根据词根、词缀、词源来记忆单词3. 不择手段记单

28、词通过加减字母记忆单词 编故事记单词 联想4. 根据单词读音记单词5. 在生活中记单词语法部分一、3大从句名从、定从、状从，名从和定从常放在一起考（一）名从：主从、宾从、表从、同位从1、名从句中的连接词连接词词义在从句中是否起从句作用能否省略that无不充当只在宾语中可省If（只引导宾从）有：是否不充当不能省whether有：是否不充当不能省whether与if的区别，whether后可 + or not 或or连接代词词义在从句中是否起从句作用能否省略what什么充当：主宾表不能省who谁充当：主语whom谁充当：宾语whose谁的充当：定语which哪一个充当：定语连接副词词义在从句中是否

29、起从句作用能否省略when时间充当：状语不能省where地点充当：主语why为什么充当：宾语how方式充当：定语注意：名词性从句一律用陈述语序，即主谓不能颠倒。如：What is your name？/What your name is？而不是Can you tell me whats your name？（1）that引导名从时，只起连接作用，不在从句中充当任何成份Its /was + adj./-ed/某些n. + that +完整句子（因that不作从句中的成份）（2）强调句：It is /was + 被强调部分 + that + 不完整句子（强调最多的是主、宾、状）2、宾从 主谓是vt

30、. + that + 完整句子1、 同位语从句抽象n. + that + 完整句子如：My suggestion is that what 只引导主、宾、表从，不能引导定从和同位从，即what 前不能有名词。既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成份作用，作从句的主、宾、表语。（1）只要what 引导主从，what右边必须有2个v.。（2）what 引导宾从，左边必须找v. 不能找n.（3）what 引导宾从，引表从左边必须找类似know的动词及am、is、are的系词。在宾从中，主句若是过去时，从句要用过去时的某种时态。客观真理除外，用一般现在时。主句若是一般现在、现完、祈使句，从句可用任何时态。（单

31、选、完形中有which一般考定从）公式： n. + that/which + 不完整句子，因为that/which作成份。（1）that只引导限定性从句，限定性从句无“，”，既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成份作用。作从句的主、宾、表语，先行词可是不定代词。先行词可以被不定代词、adj.或最高级、叙述词及the first ，the last，the only，the very 等修饰。（2）which在成3考试中，只考定语从句中的应用，既可引导限定，又可引导非限定；既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成份作用。作从句的主、宾、表语，可与介词连用。先行项可以修饰整句话的内容，只能放在所修饰的先行项后面。名

32、词 + 句子不是定从就是同位从公式：that + 名从：主宾表，考与what区别，what起成份，that不起成份 + 定从：考与which的区别，定n.（二）定语从句抓先行项与后边的关系词与先行项的指代的关系。抓关系词在定语从句中的作用。1、关系系词： 关系代词（主、宾、表、定） 关系副词，作状语关系代词指对象成份能否省who人主语（宾、表非正式用）作宾语，可省介 + whom人宾语可省that人或物主、宾、表作宾语，可省介 + which物或整句内容主、宾、表作宾语，可省Whose人或物定语不省as整句话内容主、宾、表不省than物主不省as既可引导限定也可引导非限定，既起连接作用又在从句

33、中充当成份，作从句的主宾表语，翻译成“正如一样”。在引导限定性定从时找2个：the same as，such as在引非限定性定从时，只能指整句话的内容，可放句首。关系副词指对象成份能否省where = in which地点地点状语不省 when = on which时间时间状语不省Why = for which 原因（reason）原因状语不省（三）状语从句一般读懂句子即可做题。1、 让步状从“尽管，虽然”连接词：although，even if，no matter + 疑问词（适用状从）= 疑问词 + ever（适用状从、名从），though，even though，despite（介）=

34、 in spite为 of（介短），while（放句首），even（adv. 不能接句子，连词可接句子）。while 当的时候，从句谓语v.延续性 = but句中 = Although（Though）放句首，表“尽管” as 考固搭 时间状从“当的时候”：主从句主语一致；主从句的动作同时发生 原因状从，表示说话人看来很明显的理由 非限定，可放句首 让步倒装adj. / adv. / n.（无冠词）/分词 + as 主 + 谓since 强调人们已知的事情（事实）= now thatwhen后从句中谓v.非延续。2、条件状从连接词：if，unless = if not（如果不），as long

35、as = so long as（只要），provided（that）= providing（that）= suppose（that）= supposing（that）3、时间状从考点： 时态：一般现在时（主将从现），限时状从和条件状从一般过去时（参考时态）：过去完；过进将来完成时will/shall have done公式：by + 将来时间；by the time + 主语 + do / does，主句必须用将来完成时。 原因状从 in that = because 因为 now that = since 由于，既然 结果状从句型：so + （adj. / adv.）+ that such

36、+ a / an + adj. + n. + that 目的状从句型：in order that + 句子 in order to + 不定式 so that in case 地点状从如： stay（v.）；where yow are？二、虚拟语气考点（一）“if”引导从句假设类型if从句谓语v.主句谓语v.与现在事实相反v.过去式（be用were不用was）would/should/could/might + do与过去事实相反had + donewould/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反were to/should + dowould/shoul

37、d/could/might + do1、省略if倒装（1）had + 主语 + （not）done 与过去事实相反（2）should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反（3）were + 主语 + （not）to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if，将had、should、were提前，句子倒装。2、含蓄虚拟，用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟（1）without = but for 若不是，要不是，如果没有3、错综（混合）虚拟，主从句时态不在一个时间段技巧：对号入座，主套主，从套从如：如果我是你（现在），我早把这书买了（过去）。 我要赶上那趟车（过去），现在就坐这上课了（现在）。（二）其他形式

38、虚拟（单选常考到，非常重要）从句后是现在时即与现在相反，是过去时即与过去相反，是将来时即与将来相反。wish、wishes、wished as if/as thoughwould rather if only 主语 过去式 与现在事实相反 would/could + do与将来事实相反（1）had done（2）would/could + have done与过去事实相反但would rather + 句子用虚拟，would rather + dohad better （not）do 最好做 4、 if only 一般省略主句，用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中，

39、am、is、are原形即be解题方法：找出标志词；找出动词原形：do（主动）、be done（被动）（1）用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式：主语 + 谓语v.（必认词）+ 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认v. suggest，propose，order，ask，require，request，desire，demand，insist，command，recommend，move，urge，advise（2）用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的主语从句公式：It is + adj. （必认词）+ that + 主语 +（should）+ do/be

40、 done 必认adj. suggested，proposed，ordered，asked，required，requested，desired（desirable），demanded，commanded，recommended，urgent，advisable，important，vital，essential，necessary, imperative（3）与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式：主语 + 系词 + that + 主语（should） + do/be done同位从公式：n. + that + 主语（should）+ do + do/be

41、 done必认n. suggestion，proposal，order，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence， motion，recommendation，advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did（过去式） 早该到的时间了/high time/about time 7、跳层虚拟公式： 真实，otherwise / or + 虚拟 虚拟，but + 真实（一般考过去时）特点：真实过去时或 must have done，对过去肯定猜测 虚拟would / could + have done（三

42、）情态v. + have done ，表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定，没有mustn't（表禁止）could + have done 本能够， 可能做（但未做）may + have done 本可能，或许might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做，而未做（含责备）shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了（含责备）needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了（无责备）need 情态v.“必要” + v. 实义v.“

43、需要” + need doing（形式主动，实际被动） = need to be done “需要”need + to do三、时态、语态1. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别2. 现在进行时3. 表示将来的一般现在时四、反疑问句1、（1）前肯，后否（2）前否，后肯前后时态要求一致否定：no，not，never，seldom，little，few，hardly，scarecly，none，nothing2、祈使句的反疑问句祈使句，will you？ ，wont you?3、复合句中的反意问句有两种情况：（1）反意问句的主语应与主句主语保持一致（2）I / We + think / suppos

44、e + 宾从，反疑问句看从句。五、主谓一致公式：1、not only A but also B 不仅A而且B not A but B either A or B neither A nor B A or B谓语动词与B保持一致（就近原则）2、A，介词短语 B，（谓语动词与A一致）介词短语：with，together with，along with，besides，like，as well as，rather than，but 等3、to do / doing/主从/n.短语 + 谓v. 用 单34、a number of = a lot of + 可数n.复数 + 谓v.用 复数 the nu

45、mber of + 可数n. 复数 + 谓v.用单35、定语从句中的主谓一致，在定语从句中谓语v.要与先行词保持一致。whatever前不能有n.6、倒装句中的主谓一致：介短 + lie / be / stand + 主六、非谓语动词（一）不定式： to do / not to do1、形式（时态/语态）， vt.（vi.只有主动）基本形式： 主动被动 一般式to doto be done 完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing×完成进行式to have been doing×注意：不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要

46、发生或同时发生，而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生，不定式的完成式不能作定语。（4）不定式的成份，做主宾表，定状补1）作定语n.+to do/to be done将发生doing/being done正发生done已发生2）作状语，表目的（放哪都成）和结果（一般放后面）为了：in order to do 句首 so as to do 句中，不能放句首 to do3）作主语 It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.形式主语 真正主语4）作宾语 find / make / think /consider it + adj. + to do sth. 形式宾语 真正

47、宾语如：Find it useful to study English.词：make，think，consider，find（二）动名词doing / not doing1、时态语态Vt.（及物）vi.（不及物）主动被动主动一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone2、 doing完成式不能做定语。2、doing完成式强调表示动作要先于主句的谓语动作发生。例：Having had supper，I went out for a walk.3、 形式动名词：主语、宾语、表语、定语现在分词：状语、补语、表语、定语

48、（不是重点）作表语时的区别，看是否可变成主语，可变主语是动名词。3、动名词（1）常考：固定搭配（动宾关系或介宾关系）；固定句型固搭Vt/vt短语 + do/to do/ doing / sb do/ sb doing/ sth done/ sb to do介词/ones /宾代+ doingVt + to do 与+doing区别固定句型1）There is no point（in）doing 做某事无意义2）It is no use（good） doing 做某事无用（无好处）3）sb. + spend（花费） + 时间 + in doing钱 + on sth.· It take

49、 sb. + 时间 + to do sth.· 物 cost sb. 钱·pay sb./for sth.4）need doing = need to be done 形式主动, 意思被动 be worth doing 值得做某事（2） V. + doing/to do 的区别1）remember/forget + to do 记住做某事（未做）2）remember/forget + doing sth. 记得做过某事3）regret（遗憾、后悔） + to do sth. 遗憾未做某事+ doing sth. 后悔做某事4）mean + to do 打算 + doing

50、意味着5）go on + to do 接着做另一件事 + doing 接着做未做完事6）stop + to do 停下来做另一件事 + doing 禁止做此事（正在做的）7）try + to do 试做某事 + doing = do 试一试，尝一尝 （三）分词：现在分词与过去分词现在分词：作状语、补语、定语、表语、5种形式： n. + to do（主动）/to be done + doing（主动）/being done（正在被动） + done （被动完了）作状语：1、分词，主谓宾 / 主谓宾，分词 + doing（主动）/being done.（被动） + having done /having been done./done2、（连词）+ 分词，主谓宾（连词时，主句主语和分词主语一致）连词后只跟分词或句子分词放前面，一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因。分词放后面，一般作状语，表示伴随、方式、结果。回想： To do，主谓宾 不定式放句首表“目