在英语中动词按其在句子中的作用可分为谓语动词和非ppt课件

1、 在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词一、什么叫做非谓语动词非谓语运用条件非谓语运用条件一个句子当中，曾经存在一个主句一个句子当中，曾经存在一个主句谓语动词谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下又没有连词的情况下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her sea

2、t. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.二、非谓语动词的表现方式有：二、非谓语动词的表现方式有：不定式不定式 to do如今分词如今分词 doing过去分词过去分词 done动名词动名词 doing三、非谓语动词的特征三、非谓语动词的特征1 1、动词特征：、动词特征：A、时态：、时态： 普通式普通式 完成式完成式 to do to have done doing having done 进展式进展式 完成进展式完成进展式 to be doing to have been doing I think it wise _ (a

3、sk)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an , _ (hope) to get more advice. to ask to have finishedHaving done hopingB、语态：、语态： 自动语态自动语态 被动语态被动语态 to do to be doneto have done to have been donedoing being donehaving done having been doneHe

4、 is asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, he still couldnt understand it. to be sentto have been sentbeing discussedHaving been told注：非谓语动词的否认构造是：注：非谓语动词的否认构造是：not +not +非谓语非谓语动词动词The patient was

5、 warned not to eat oil food after the operation.Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again.Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.主主语语表表语语宾宾语语补补语语定定语语状状语语不定式不定式+现在分词现在分词+过去分词过去分词+动名词动名词+组成组成介词介词短语短语四、非谓语动词充任的成分四、非谓语动词充任的成分( (一一) ) 不定式与动名词作主语不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语多表示详细的某次动作，尤其不定式作主语多表示详

6、细的某次动作，尤其是指未来的动作。是指未来的动作。动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。作。_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. PlayingAA( (二二) ) 动名词与不定式作宾语动名词与不定式作宾语 在一个句子中，用不定式，还在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决议的。语动词的用法来决议的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：非谓语动词

7、作宾语有以下几种情况：A. A. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语以下动词常接不定式作宾语wish, ask, promise, pretend, fail, decide, learn, agree, manage, demand, plan, refuse, seem, expect, want, hope, arrange, attempt, choose, determine, happen, offer, prepare, appear, afford, intend, desireB. B. 以下动词常接动名词作宾语以下动词常接动名词作宾语suggest, finish, enjoy, m

8、ind, avoid, miss, practise, excuse, consider, appreciate, imagine, escape, finish, keep, standlook forward to, devoteto, get down to, be/get used to, pay attention to, lead to, stick to, preferto, be busy1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式等词后接不定式时，表示详细的某次动作，尤其是未来的动作；时，表示详细的某次动作，尤其是未来的动作； 接动名词时，接动名词时， 表示

9、习惯、阅历、领会。表示习惯、阅历、领会。I prefer being alone.I prefer to stay at home today.C. C. 既可接不定式既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动又可接动名词作宾语的动词词2. remember、forget、regret 等词后接等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一曾经发生了的时，表示一曾经发生了的 动作。动作。I forgot telling him the news.I forgot to tell him the news.I dont remember having e

10、ver promised you that.3. 跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同。跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同。mean doing/to do, stop doing/to do, go on doing/to do, try doing/to do, can not help doing/to do4. want、need、require、request等以后等以后接不定式用被动式的方式；动名词用自动式的方式。接不定式用被动式的方式；动名词用自动式的方式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子的主语普通是一表物句子的意思没有差别。但句子的主语普通是一表物的名词或代词。的名词或代词。Your watch

11、needs repairing to be repaired.The windows need painting again to be painted again.5. 固定句型固定句型Its no use/good/useless doing sth.Its kind/wise/clever of sb. to do sth.Its important/hard for sb. to do sth. If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not have got in. 2. She reached the to

12、p of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs _ (improve). to closeto restimproving或或to be improved4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ; to ride D . to ride ; riding 5. They

13、 would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going CA6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing

14、 repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repairedCD8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.sailing(三三) 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 1. 1. 如今分词如今分词(v+ing)(v+ing)作状语表示自动的作状语表示自动的动作。动作。2.2.过去分词过去分词(v+ed)(v+ed)有两大特点，一是有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。作。1. 时间状语：可改为时间状

15、语从句，也可在分词前加上时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词连词“when , while , until等，使其时间意义更等，使其时间意义更明确。明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末多置于句首，也可置于句末)2. 缘由状语：可改为缘由状语从句或并列构造。缘由状语：可改为缘由状语从句或并列构造。(多置于多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中句首或句末，也可置于句中)3. 条件状语：可加连词条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件等；也可换成条件状语从句。状语从句。(多置于句首多置于句首) 4. 退让状语：有时可加退让状语：有时可加 although , though , e

16、ven if , even though , whetheror 等连词，可转等连词，可转换成退让状语从句。换成退让状语从句。(多置于句首多置于句首)5. 结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。多置于句末结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。多置于句末6. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列构造或从句。方式、伴随状语：可改成并列构造或从句。(多置于句多置于句末末) A. 如今分词与过去分词作状语如今分词与过去分词作状语When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.HearingWhen the baby saw its mother, it smiled.See

17、ing As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.Hoping The snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. resultingWhen hearingWhile he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.WorkingWhile workingWhen seeing When it is seen from the h

18、ill, the park looks very beautiful . Dont speak until you are spoken to.Because he was greatly touched by his teachers words , the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates . If we were given more time , we could do it much better . He was warned of the danger, but he still went skating on the

19、ice. SeenGreatly touchedGiven spokenWarned he If given When seenB. 不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或缘由、程度、不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或缘由、程度、条件等。条件等。 She looked into the window, and wanted to see what was going on inside. She looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 注：表目的的不定式还常与注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或或in or

20、der连用，连用，构成构成so as (not) to do和和in order (not) to do 构造，其中构造，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。不能用于句首。 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. Tom kept quiet about the accident so that h

21、e would not lose his job.=so as not to lose his job. 动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介词构成等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：C. 动名词作状语动名词作状语Without saying a word, he went away. On arriving in Beijing, he telephoned me. _(know) that he won the match, he threw

22、the cap into the sky. 2. _(finish) the homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 3. _ (write)in simple English, the book is easy to read. 4. _ (become)a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.Having knownNot having finished Written To become5. The vis

23、iting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A having added B. to add C. adding D. added 6. _ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look7. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too

24、late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. SufferedCBA不定式不定式, ,如今分词与过去分词作补足语的区别如今分词与过去分词作补足语的区别: :不定式：不定式： 强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全 过程。过程。过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所接受的过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所接受的 动作。过去分词作补足语时，这些动作。过去分词作补足语时，这些 过去分词普通都来自及物动词，表过去分词普通都来自及物动词，表 被动或完成之意。被动或完成之意。如今

25、分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语正在进展如今分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语正在进展 的动作。的动作。( (四四) ) 非谓语动词作补足语非谓语动词作补足语 1. 表示觉得和心思形状的动词，如表示觉得和心思形状的动词，如 hear, watch, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch 等词的句子中。等词的句子中。2. 表示表示“致使等意义的使役动词，如致使等意义的使役动词，如 catch, make, have, get, keep, leave, set 的句子中。的句子中。3. with 引

26、导的构造中。引导的构造中。非谓语动词作宾语补足语最常见的是出如今使役动非谓语动词作宾语补足语最常见的是出如今使役动词、觉得动词的句型构造中。即：词、觉得动词的句型构造中。即：have sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth. have sth. done have sth. doing She was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of. 2. We are pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 3. I could feel the wind _ (blow

27、)on my face from an open window. takensettledblowingCA4. He found them _ at a table_. A. seating; playing chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess5. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left, unlocked D. to lea

28、ve; unlocking6. With a lot of work _, he didnt go to the film. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. having done7. He knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before _. A. flying; sent to sleep B. flying; sending to sleep C. to fly; to be sent to sleep D. to fly; sending sleepin

29、g BA1. This book is really _. A. to entertain B. entertained C. entertaining 2. He grew more _ and a little _ when he got to the mysterious cave. A. exciting; frightened B. exciting; frightening C. excited; frightened D. excited; frightening3. The main job of the ant queen is _ eggs. A. to lay B. la

30、ying C. lain D. laidCCB(五五) 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语4. The boy was _, so I didnt believe him again. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. to disappoint 5. At the sight of the snake, the little girl got _. A. to be frightened B. frightening C. frightenedAC如今分词如今分词(V+ing)(V+ing)作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进展的展的,

31、 ,自动的动作自动的动作 。过去分词过去分词(V+ed)(V+ed)作定语：表示一个曾经完成了的作定语：表示一个曾经完成了的, ,被动的动作被动的动作 。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个未来的动作。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个未来的动作。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。(六六) 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语A football fan is a person who has a strong interest in football. 2. I am looking for the train which will go to Shanghai.

32、3. It was at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood.4. Who is the person that is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? 5. The house which is being built belongs to my uncle.having to go to named standing being built非谓语动词做题步骤非谓语动词做题步骤一、分析句子构造一、分析句子构造, 区分区分“谓与非谓与非谓谓1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still could