中考英语单项选择题-部分知识点讲解

1、名师总结精品知识点中考英语单项选择相关讲解几组近义动词和动词词组辨析1几个“花费”：spend, take, pay, cost.（ 1）spend 多用人作主语， 后接金钱或时间。 spend on sth / （ in） doingsth，例如： I spent 15 yuan on this new book.（ 2） take 常用于 "It takes sb. some time to do sth" 句型中，例如： It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.（ 3） pay

2、常与 for 连用，表“付给款”。例如：I paid 15 Yuan for this new book.（ 4） cost 常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱”，例如：This new book cost me 15 Yuan.2几个“看”：look, see, watch, read, find（ 1）look 看，表动作， look at 。例如： Please don t look out of the window.（ 2） see 看见，表结果；也可说看电影“see a film ”。例如：His father saw him sitting on some eggs.（ 3） w

3、atch 观看比赛、演出、电视等。（ 4）read 读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now.3几个与 “看” 有关的词或词组：look for, find, find out, look after, take careof,look over, look forward to,（ 1）look for寻找， 表过程； find 发现，找到，表结果； find out找出，查明。例如：I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldnt find it anywhere.（ 2） look af

4、ter, take care of均表示“照看，照顾”。（ 3） look over 检查身体等。（ 4） look forward to 盼望 ，期待 。例如：I am looking forward to your letter.She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents inDalian.4几个“说”：say, speak, talk, tell（ 1） say 接说话的内容，作及物动词。 say sth to sb. 对某人说某事。例如：Did you say goodbye to your granny?（ 2）speak

5、 常指能说某种语言， 打电话时常用它表示说话， 也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。例如：We can speak Chinese and English.May I speak to Henry?He will speak at the meeting tonight.（ 3）talk 多是不及物动词， 指交谈、 谈论；做名词时有演讲、 报告之意。例如：They are talking about their friends now.I will talk to your father about your health next time.Mr. Zhang is going to gi

6、ve us a talk at the meeting.（ 4） tell 的意思是“告诉某人 ；讲述 ；吩咐某人做 ”。多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。例如：名师总结精品知识点I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.Granny often tells me funny stories.The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.5几个“穿，戴”：put on, wear, dress, in（ 1） put on 指“穿上、戴上”的

7、意思，强调动作，代词多放在中间。例如：Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy.He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.（ 2） wear 指“穿着，戴着”，表示状态。例如：-“What is she wearing? ” - “Shewearings a red hat and a bluejacket.”（ 3） dress 指“给某人穿衣服”，其宾语多是人。例如：My mother is dressing herself.My little brother is too young. Mom dres

8、ses him every morning.dress up 指“穿上盛装，打扮”（ 4） in 后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着颜色衣服的”。例如：The man in black is my father.Have you seen a boy in a red sweater?6几个“到达”：reach, arrive in / at, get to（ 1） reach 是个及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。例如：We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.（ 2） arrive 是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in

9、 或 at （在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in ，较小的地方或单位前用 at ）。例如：We have already arrived in Shanghai.They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.（ 3） get to 表示到达，多用于口语中。例如：I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.注意：当表示到达here, there, home时， arrive或 get 后不要加介词。例如： When did you get home? When will you arrive there?7几个“带、拿”：bring,

10、 take, get, carry（ 1） bring 指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。例如：Youd better finish you homework today and bring it to schooltomorrow.May I bring Tom along?Bring the book to me, please.（ 2） take 指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处。例如：Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now.（ 3） get 指从说话人所在位置到别处把

11、某物拿来。例如：Will you get that book for me?（ 4） carry 不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如The buses and taxis are carry people here and there.The box is so heavy that the little boy can t carry it.8几个与“听”有关的词或词组： listen to, hear, hear of, hear from （ 1） listen to 听 ，表示听的动作。名师总结精品知识点（ 2） hear听见，听到。表示结

12、果。例如：I listened to the speaker carefully, but I couldnt hear anything.（ 3） hear of 听说。例如：Have you heard of this news?（ 4） hear from 收到某人的信息或来信。例如：I heard from my friend in Australia last week.9 beat 和 win（ 1） beat 表示“赢”或“打败”，后面要接被打败的对手。例如：Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1.（ 2）win 用作及物动词时， 后面接的

13、不是被打败的对手， 而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等。例如：Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.10 rise 和 raise（ 1） rise 是不及物动词，表示“上升、提高、增长”等。例如：The sun rises in the east.Our country s international prestige（国际声望 ） is rising continually.（ 2） raise 是及物动词，表示“举起、抬起”。He raised his hand picked an apple.11 borrow, lend 和

14、 keep（ 1） borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from 连用。例如：May I borrow some money from you?You can borrow books from the library.（ 2）lend 指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to 连用。例如：Could you lend me some money?The library lends books to the students.（ 3） keep 表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如：How long may I keep the book?I h

15、ave kept the book for 3 weeks.12 receive 和 accept（ 1）receive 的意思是“收到了”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。例如：I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning.（ 2）accept 表示 “接受” ，“同意接纳” 。如接受物体、 邀请、批评等。He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.13 answer 与 reply（ 1） answer 意

16、为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等，多作及物动词。例如：Who can answer my question?I called you, but no one answered the telephone.（ 2） reply 意为“回答、答复”，是不及物动词，后需加介词 to, at 等再加宾语。例如：H e didn t want to reply to my questions.14 hope 与 expect（ 1） hope 指主观上的愿望，但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性，常接 that 从句、动词不定式或以介词 for 引出的短语。例如：I hope you will come t

17、o see me again when you are 100 years old.Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.（ 2）expect 着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或 that 从句。例如：I am expecting that you will come soon.名师总结精品知识点She is expecting a letter from him.A. paidB. took C. madeD. spent15 lie 和 lay7. People usually“ hello to”e

18、ach other when theymake a phone（ 1） lie 有多个意思：表示“躺；展示；位于”时，其变化是：lay, lain,call.lying ；A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk表示“说谎”时，其变化是：lied, lied, lying8.With the help of computers,newscaneverycorner of the例如： I saw an old man lying on the street.world.Don t believe him.He always lies.A. getB. arriveC. retu

19、rnD. reach（ 2） lay 的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是：laid, laid, laying.9. It s too dark in the room. You cannothing.I can t find my book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the deskA. lookB. look atC. seeD. watchlast night.10.My father enjoysthe newspapers after supper.A. lookingB. watchingC. findingD. reading习

20、题精选11.Itme about two hours to do my homework every day.A. takesB. costsC. spendsD. pays1.She hasthe library book for two weeks.12.He spoke in a low voice, so nobody couldhim.A. keptB. lentC. borrowedD. keepingA. listenB. listen toC. hearD. hear from2.“ How to learn English well, Miss Read?”13.Can yo

21、uit in English?“ First, try toEnglish in and out of class as much as possible.A. speakB. talkC. sayD. tellA. sayB. talkC. tellD. speak14.What will your friendus from America?3.It s hot here. Why notyour coat?A. takeB. bringC. carryD. makeA. take offB. dress upC. try onD. put on15.You can see the sun

22、in the east at this time if it is a fine day.4.We start earlytomorrow morning tothe top of the hillbefore theA. to riseB. risingC. raisingD. to raisesun rises.A. spendB. reachC. goD. get5.I am thirsty, pleaseme a bottle of water.A. takeB. carryC. pullD. bring6.Mother said that cookingmuch time every

23、 day.名师总结精品知识点非谓语形式：不定式意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语动词宾语、 宾语补足语、 表语、定语常表示功能、状语。构成：不定式= to动词原形否定结构 = not to do sth复合结构 = for sb. notto do sth与疑问词连用：如what to do在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看 look see watch两听 listenhear一感觉 feel，注意 notice使 make让 let have帮 help可不省。形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用 it 来

24、代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“ it ”叫形式主语。动名词意义：动词的非谓语形式， 常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语、表语、定语常表示功能等。构成：动名词=V+ing . 否定结构 = not doing sth . 复合结构 =one not doing sth现在分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。过去分词意义：动词的非谓语形式， 常指相对谓语或前位非谓语

25、的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。3举例说明：.I want to give up studying at school to look after my sick mother athome.点拨：作谓语主动语态一般现在时。 非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前动名词。 非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。 The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left theroom点拨：作谓语主动语态一般过去时。

26、非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。作谓语主动语态一般过去时。3 Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put up on the wall.点拨：作谓语一般现在时。非谓语相对谓语即时时间正在发生, 主动现在分词 .非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前表示被动过去分词.二既要求同亦要寻异凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用法，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意：名师总结精品知识点1

27、介词动名词如： You can watch TV after fishing your homework.2动词词组动名词这样的动词有：give in doing屈服做某事be busy doing忙于做某事stop sb.from doing阻止某人做某事practice doing练习做某事enjoy doing喜欢做某事finish doing做完某事complete doing做完某事end up doing做完某事mind doing介意做某事spend in doing花费时间做某事can t stand doing容忍做某事keep on doing一直做某事be worth d

28、oing值得做某事appreciate doing感激做某事avoid doing避免做某事be used to doing习惯做某事pay attention to doing注意做某事get used to doing习惯做某事excuse doing推辞做某事give up doing放弃做某事carry on doing坚持做某事do some reading读书make a countribution to doingdo /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳为做某事做贡献look forward to doing盼望做某事prefer doing to doing与做某事比

29、，take a swimming course上游泳课更喜欢做某事insist on doing坚持做某事stick doing坚持做某事take the leading position站主导地位consider doing考虑做某事imagine doing想像做某事miss doing错过做某事put off doing推迟做某事risk doing冒险做某事suggest doing做某事建议3. 下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同： .like/love/hatedoing：表示习惯例： I like getting up early every morning.to do

30、 ：表示具体活动例： Can you come out to play with me ? Stopdoing ：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired.to do ：停下来去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest. go ondoing ：继续做同一件事例： Go on studying hard if you want to get bettergrades.to do ：继续做另一件事例： After leaving school,he go on to go to college. .remembe

31、rdoing ：记得做过的事例： I remember seeing you somewhere.to do ：记得要做的事例： Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving theroom.forget doing：忘记做过的事例： I forgetseeing you somewhere to do：忘记要做的事例： Dont forgetto turn off the light when leaving theroom .need/want/requiredoing ：表示被动例 The blackboard needs cleanin gTh

32、e blackboard needsto becleaned.to do ：表示主动例： She needs to have a rest. .try doing：试着做某事例： Let me try driving for you.to do：尽力做某事例： We must try to finish it on time. .continuedoing ：继续做同一件事例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better名师总结精品知识点grades.to do：继续做另一件事例： After leaving school,he .conti

33、nueto go tocollege. .can t helpdoing：情不自禁做某事例： when he heard the news,he can t helpjumping.to do：不能帮助做某事例： Sorry, I can t helpto do it for you. .mean . doing：意思做某事例： What I said means not telling him the news now. . to do：打算做某事例： I mean to start offtomorrow. .agree. on doing ：对做某事表示同意例： We agree on

34、holdinga sportsmeetingsoon. to do：同意要做某事例： I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .decide . ondoing：对做某事做出决定例： We have decided on stopping him fromwoking on. to do：决定要做某事例： I decide to go abroad for study. .encourage. doing：鼓励做某事例： The government encourages planting trees to protect theenvironment. sb

35、. to do：鼓励某人做某事例： The teacher often encourages us to studyhard. .allow. doing：允许做某事例：We don tallow smoking here. sb. to do：允许某人做某事做例： We don tallow you to smoke here .advise. doing：建议做某事例： We advise going skating tomorrow. sb. to do：建议某人做某事例： We advise you to go skating tomorrow. .permit.doing：允许做某事

36、例： The boss did not permit working for shorter. sb. to do：允许某人做某事例： The boss did not permitme to work for shorter.begin/start开始做某事 . doing：“ doing ” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态例： Let sbeginrunning. . to do：“ do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时例：I began to believe whathe had said.例： It is beginning to rain. .plan.

37、 on doing对做某事做出计划例： We have decided on buildinga school nextyear. to do计划做某事例： We have decided to build a school next year.名师总结精品知识点1 基本用法：情态动词加动原，不随主语人称变；否定常需not 帮，疑问提到主语前。2 情态动词小结：can could may might must will wouldshallshoulddarehad betterought tohavehashad to be able toneed3.举例说明：. can. “能够”常用于一般现在时例：