牛津译林模块五MU Grammar语法不定式和动名词PPT课件

1、 I. To-infinitiveReview the basic sentences elements.1. I was watching an English programme at 8 oclock yesterday.I-subject; was watching-predicate;an English programmer-object;at 8 oclock yesterday-adverbial第1页/共65页Observe the sentences you have learned.1.Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volca

2、no destroyed the whole city! 2. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. 3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. 第2页/共65页4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 5. Our main a

3、im is to discourage young people from smoking. 6. They can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. 第3页/共65页7. He and my mother always make me do things I dont like. 8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me look slimmer. 9. Eating more fruit makes me feel better. 10. Exercise is

4、 something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. 第4页/共65页Observe the sentences from this unit.1. To find a best friend is difficult.2. I need to sleep for eight hours every night.3. I asked him to come over.4. I have a very important meeting to attend.5. His aim was to cheer

5、 me up.6. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.第5页/共65页7. I let her borrow my book.8. She made me promise to write every day.9. I saw her talk to her new friends.10. The teacher often has students read aloud in class. 第6页/共65页Guess第7页/共65页Fill in the blanks with appropriate wo

6、rds.1. Its hard _ (imagine) how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! 2. I hope _ (lose) at least 10 kilograms. 3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him _ (do) what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. to imagineto loseto do第8页/共65页4. He also told us that the best way _ (earn) res

7、pect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 5. Our main aim is _ (discourage) young people from smoking. 6. They can use the guns _ (scare) the animals away if they come too near. to earnto discourageto scare第9页/共65页7. He and my mother always make me _ (do) things I dont like. 8.

8、Wow! I think this blouse will make me _ (look) slimmer. 9. Eating more fruit makes me _ (feel) better. 10. Exercise is something that can help to make you _ (look) good, _ (feel) good and _ (be) healthy. dolookfeellookfeelbe第10页/共65页Sentences from this unit.1. _ (find) a best friend is difficult.2.

9、I need _ (sleep) for eight hours every night.3. I asked him _ (come) over.4. I have a very important meeting _ (attend).5. His aim was _ (cheer) me up.6. You need to apologize quickly _ (avoid) losing a good friend.To findto sleepto cometo attendto cheerto avoid第11页/共65页7. I let her _ (borrow) my bo

10、ok.8. She made me _ (promise) to write every day.9. I saw her _ (talk) to her new friends.10. The teacher often has students _ (read) aloud in class. borrowpromisetalkread第12页/共65页I went to see him, _ him out.A. findingB. findC. only to findD. foundCharles Babbage is generally considered _ the first

11、 computer.A. to invent B. to have invented C. inventing D. having invented第13页/共65页Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard.A. learn B. to learnC. learned D. learningJane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing第14页/共65页1. to infinitive

12、used as the subject 不定式不定式(短语短语)作主语作主语 eg. To obey law is everyones duty. 遵纪守法是每个人的职责。遵纪守法是每个人的职责。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。眼见为实。 To talk with your mouth full is rude. 满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。第15页/共65页 It is impossible to finish the work in such a short time. 在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不 可能的

13、。可能的。 It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. 学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。第16页/共65页 2. to infinitive used as the object 不定式不定式(短语短语)作宾语作宾语eg. He managed to solve the problem by himself. 他自己设法解决了问题。他自己设法解决了问题。 I like to read newspaper articles about sports. 我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报

14、道。 Amy wants to know more about the film. 安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情 况。况。第17页/共65页want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, agree, learn, mean, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, continue, ask, promise, expect, choose, preferThe following

15、words are usually followed by to infinitive as the object:第18页/共65页3. to infinitive used as the object complement 不定式不定式(短语短语)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语eg. Id like you to keep everything tidy. 我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。 The teacher asked us to finish the work today. 老师要我们今天完成工作。老师要我们今天完成工作。 Tell Jack to clo

16、se the window, please. 请让杰克关上窗户。请让杰克关上窗户。第19页/共65页动词动词make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去后的宾语补足语，要省去to。eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. 他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。 The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day. 老板让工人们每天工作老板让工人们每天工作14小时。小时。第20页

17、/共65页4. “to infinitive” used as the attributive 不定式不定式(短语短语)作定语作定语eg. I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。我有许多工作要做。 I have no one to talk to. 我没有一个可以交谈的人。我没有一个可以交谈的人。 He is looking for a house to live in. 他正在找房子住。他正在找房子住。第21页/共65页5. to infinitive used as the predicative 不定式不定式(短语短语)作表语作表语eg. My wis

18、h is to be a doctor. 我的愿望是成为一名医生。我的愿望是成为一名医生。 Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. 我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。 What I need most now is to have a good rest. 我现在最需要的是好好休息。我现在最需要的是好好休息。第22页/共65页 6. to infinitive used as the adverbial of a sentence to show reason, purpose or result 不定式不定式(短

19、语短语)作句子状语作句子状语eg. He came here to attend an important meeting. (purpose) 他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的） Sam was very surprised to hear the news. (reason) 萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因） He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. (result) 他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）结果

20、）第23页/共65页When we use “to infinitive” as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising.eg. He hurried to the rail station, only to find the train had left.第24页/共65页7. the continuous and perfect forms of to infinitive 不定式的进行式和完成式不定式的进行式和完成式eg. She seemed to have heard of it al

21、ready. 她似乎已经听说过这件事了。她似乎已经听说过这件事了。 When the teacher came in, the students pretended to be reading loudly. 当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声 读书。读书。第25页/共65页Bare infinitive (省略省略to的不定式的不定式)Read the points on Page 8. 省略to的不定式用于：1) after let, make, have2) after verbs of perception: feel, hear, see, watch3

22、) after would rather, had better, why not第26页/共65页当当make/let/have + sb. + do (sth.) 变变成被动语态时，应加上成被动语态时，应加上to。eg. The workers were made to work 14 hours a day by the boss. 工人们被迫每天工作工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。个小时。第27页/共65页Verbs of perception can also be used with doing (sth.) but with different meanings.I saw her

23、 talk to her new friends.我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。(我目睹了整个谈话过程。我目睹了整个谈话过程。)I saw her talking to her new friends. 我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。(当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我可能没看到整个过程。)第28页/共65页We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, or rather than.eg.

24、I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left. 我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。 We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。 第29页/共65页Observe the sentences you have learned.1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable

25、 and exciting experience for me. (Unit 1, Book 1)2. I regret taking those weight-loss pills. (Unit 3, Book 1)第30页/共65页3. Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? (Unit 2, Book 1)4. Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on

26、paper. (Unit 2, Book 3) 5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. (Unit 3, Book 4)第31页/共65页Observe the sentences from this unit.1. Swimming is good for your health.2. I love swimming in the sea during the summer.3. I keep fit by swimmi

27、ng every day.第32页/共65页to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuess第33页/共65页Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. _ (go) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience f

28、or me. 2. I regret _ (take) those weight-loss pills. 3. Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of _ (shout) at me? Goingtakingshouting第34页/共65页4. Usually, when we talk about _ (read), we think of _ (use) our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. 5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid

29、of _ (talk) and _ (play) with his schoolmates was treated with VR. readingusingtalkingplaying第35页/共65页Sentences from this unit.1. _ (swim) is good for your health.2. I love _ (swim) in the sea during the summer.3. I keep fit by _ (swim) every day.Swimmingswimmingswimming第36页/共65页 Go on _ the other e

30、xercise after you have finished this one. A. to doB. doing C. withD. to be doing She didnt remember _ him before. A. having metB. have met C. to meetD. to having met第37页/共65页I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sailB. to sailC. sailing D. to have sailed- You were bra

31、ve enough to raise objections at the meeting.- Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done第38页/共65页Verb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentenceeg. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 It is no use arguing with him. 与他争辩

32、没用。 Her swimming has improved since she started training every day. 自从她开始 训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。 第39页/共65页 Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentenceeg. I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。 He has finished writing the composition. 他已经写好了作文。 He loves playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。第40页/共65页admit, dislike, imagine, delay,

33、consider, mind, suggest, avoid, enjoy, practise, finish, miss, keep, understandWe use a verb-ing form after these verbs:第41页/共65页 The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form: would you mind, look forward to, cant stand, put off, give up, stick to, be worth, cant help, feel like, Its no u

34、se / good.,keep on, devote to,be busy, get down to第42页/共65页 Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or to infinitive, but with some differences in meanings or usage.第43页/共65页 regret to do: 抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事 eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired. 我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。 I regret telling h

35、im the truth. 我后悔告诉他真相。第44页/共65页 forget to do: 忘记去做某事 forget doing: 忘记做了某事 eg. He forgot to close the door when he left. 他离开时忘了关门了。 I will never forget winning my first gold medal. 我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌 的情况。第45页/共65页 remember to do: 记得要做某事 remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事eg. Remember to post the letter for me on y

36、our way to work, OK? 在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了， 好吗？ I remember seeing this man somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过这个人。第46页/共65页 mean to do: 打算做某事 mean doing: 意味着做某事eg. I mean to come earlier today. 我今天打算早点来。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这列火车意味着又要等一个 小时。第47页/共65页 try to do: 努力做某事 try doing: 尝试做某事eg. Sh

37、e tried to finish the work as quickly as she could. 她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。 I tried doing the exercise in a different way. 我尝试用另一种方法解题。第48页/共65页 stop to do: 停下来做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事eg. The workers stopped to have a rest. 工人们停下来休息。 The workers stopped working and took a rest. 工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。 第49页/共65页 go on

38、 to do: 继续做另一件事 go on doing: 继续做同一件事eg. After doing the cooking, mother went on to do some washing. 饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。 The workers went on working after a short rest. 短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活 了。第50页/共65页Time for reflection1.To infinitive can be used as what? How about verb-ing?2.Speak out at least five verbs re

39、spectively that can be used after to infinitive or verb-ing.3.Which verbs can be used as bare infinitive (省略省略to的不定式的不定式)?第51页/共65页请点击请点击第52页/共65页Quiz I: Multiple choice. 1. Its no use _ without taking action. (2011上海上海) A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained2. Today we h

40、ave chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. (2011上海上海) A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost第53页/共65页3. More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. (2011重庆重庆) A. to ra

41、ise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised4. Its important for the figures _ regularly. (2011北京北京) A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated第54页/共65页5. Linda doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. (2011四川四川) A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study6.

42、 Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. (2011四川四川) A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep第55页/共65页7. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed8. Passengers are permitted _ only one pi

43、ece of hand luggage onto the plane. (2011天津天津) A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried第56页/共65页9. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. (2012全国全国II) A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched10. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (2012安徽安徽) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D