Overview of Procss Design University of Utah工艺的设计概述犹他大学

1、overview of process designchapter 4terry a. ringchewhere is design used in industry?where is design used in industry? de novo designs known plants but different location or larger size plant improvement debottlenecking plant increase plant capacity increase plant efficiency decrease costs pollution

2、minimizationimportance of process design in preliminary process design 98% operating costs committed 80% capital costs committed less than 10% $ spent design is very important but why is this so?how is design practicedprocess conceptionpreliminary designprocess conceptsprocess economicsmanagement de

3、cision to go forwardintermediate designp&idsask vendors for prices major pieces of equipmentreactor, separators, hx, utilities, tank farmsprocess economicsmanagement decision to go forwarddetailed designmechanical engineeringequipment + supportswhere are all the nuts and boltspiping elevationele

4、ctrical/power engineeringutilitiesprocess economicsmanagement decision to go forwardprocess creation chemical reaction routes preliminary database msds (health and safety info.) raw materials reaction products and intermediates thermo/phys properties (expts and predictions) heats of formation vle da

5、ta, solubilities, etc. chemical prices (chemical market reporter)operating costs selection of raw materials selection of reaction path to product determine gross profitability of process examples vinyl chloride manufacture (part of pvc plant) example in your book octane manufacture (part of refinery

6、)process economics-i macro view possible reactions for vinyl chloride 1) c2h4 (ethylene) + cl2 c2h3cl (vinyl chloride) + hcl 2) c2h2 (acetylene) + hcl c2h3cl 3) c2h4 + cl2 c2h4cl2 c2h3cl + hcl 4) c2h2 + 2hcl + o2 c2h4cl2+h2o c2h4cl2 c2h3cl +h2o c2h2 + 2hcl + o2c2h3cl +h2o (overall) 5) c2h4 + cl2 c2h

7、4cl2 c2h2 + 2hcl + o2 c2h4cl2+ h2o 2 c2h4cl2 2c2h3cl + 2hcl 2c2h4 + cl2 + o2 2c2h3cl + h2o (overall)gross profitability analysis-1 start with raw material costs and product pricesgross profitability analysis-1 for each reaction determine the profit to be made gross profit is 22/lb(1) +18/lb (0.583)-

8、18/lb(0.449)-11/lb(1.134)=11.94 /lb gross profitability analysis-2 overview of various reactions reaction 3 is most profitable! how much do we make? market volume?http:/ of market information/assets/574195312da149928805ffea1242fecf/materialsreview_08_08.pdfprocess synthesis-1 r

9、eaction 3 direct chlorination pyrolysisconsider separations vle data boiling points flash hcl from rxn productsprocess synthesis-1 separation systemprocess synthesis-3 task integration reactor & condenser separationsonion model of process designoverall processoctane reaction 2c2h4 + c4h10 c8h18

10、p= 5 psi, t=93c, x=98% conversionpreliminary flow sheetflash p= 2 psidistillationpurge streamwith heat integrationwithout heat integrationwhat else can be done? where is the heat duty for the flash vessel coming from? heat exchanger coupling reactor feed to reactor product. do we really need the fla

11、sh vessel? let distillation column do all the separation. reactor heat duty exo or endo reaction? where does it come from?onion model of process designimportance of process design in preliminary process design 98% operating costs committed 80% capital costs committed less than 10% $ spent design is very important but why is this so?why in preliminary design decide on raw materialso