全球营销战略外文翻译

1、global marketing strategy choice: standardized or localizationthe trend of economic globalization makes multinational companies must choose appropriate management strategy, global marketing standardization and adaptability of the strategy is the unity of opposites relationship, the enterprise must a

2、ccording to different industry and products for specific analysis.1 the standardizationglobal marketing standardization strategy is will the world as a unified big market, the overall goals for enterprise, centralized organization resources, development of domestic and international marketing opport

3、unities process. when different countries for a commodity consumer tastes and preferences similar, there is a widespread demand, therefore, can be in marketing strategy, emphasize on national boundaries fade global market commonness and convergence. advanced communications, transportation and dissem

4、inating technology makes the world produced strong convergence, creating a more the same market, consumer needs and preferences became assimilated, these make products , production and business rules standardization, thus pushing the standardization of global marketing .the benefits of global market

5、ing standardization include: is the enterprise enlarge market share, reduce cost and obtain the scale benefits, achieve competitive advantage: to set up the business enterprise unified brand image, enlargement popularity: to achieve organizational structure of the simplistic and management procedure

6、.global marketing standardization mainly includes the marketing process and marketing strategy combinations of standardization. the marketing process standardization is a sequence of goals and tasks, problem solving process, the decision-making process and performance evaluation mode of standardizat

7、ion. marketing strategy combinations standardization is a global market in use the same channel system, using the same promotion methods, in the same price to offer the same products. in fact, it is difficult to in the global market and make the marketing process and marketing strategy combinations

8、true standardization.2 adaptability and says localizationdue to the international enterprise products need for sales in multiple countries, in some cases, the enterprise must take into account the different needs in different countries .when different countries customer grade and preferences, habits

9、, etc, when there is a big difference to exert its function adaptive strategy.global marketing adaptive strategy or say is considering localization strategies in different areas and different races, cultures customers personalized and diversity, on demand, the difference and marketing products meet

10、global different specific needs of customers. since countries and regional market widely exist between non-tariff barriers, cultural, economic development level, the government's policies, laws and regulations and laws and distribution system, etc, therefore according to difference of the specif

11、ic conditions of the local implementation of suitability, distribution, communication, pricing, promotion strategy or change some product features.implementation marketing localization strategy is based on the theory of segmentation and positioning theory, friction theory. subdivision and orientatio

12、n theory is that the world market is a market of heterogeneity, based on the differences between different markets, according to local market segment the positioning of the standard can be obtained differentiation strategy of advantage. to adapt to the local customer demand preference products perha

13、ps because can improve customer satisfaction and make customer willing to pay higher prices to offset the global standard conditions the cost of saving. friction theory is that although standardization brings the scale economy would lead to lower costs, but headquarters and local manufacturing and m

14、arketing agency or local distribution channels will produce operation of the friction between the cost for coordination.the implementation of the localization marketing strategy in some multinational company, from a huge success, for multinational companies globalization remained prick-eared establi

15、shed. these companies in "think globalization, action localization" of policy guidance, and strive to "do as the romans do", try hard to pass the indigenisation marketing strategy target market marketing environment across the barriers would brand is deeply rooted in the heart of

16、 target country customer, become international marketing successful model. localized marketing has already become the global marketing strategy of multinational companies is an important choice.3 global strategic choicewith the pressures of standardization and adaptability for index division, there

17、are four options for global strategy3.1 the global modelfacing the global standardized pressure great and adaptability pressure is lesser, multinational companies generally uses the global mode, namely the standardization strategy. in the global model, the parent company of centralized decision-maki

18、ng, and most of the business overseas strict control.take low-cost global competition strategy companies usually use this mode. companies usually take global as a single market, identity different countries consumer preferences have actually difference, lowest cost and technology in the best place f

19、or production to obtain economies of scale effect , will be standardized products to global markets.using the global model of the company needs to do a lot of coordination work, and these companies have to subsidiaries in different countries to determine the transfer between the product price.3.2 mu

20、ltinational modefacing the pressure of global standardization and adaptability of great pressure, you can use cross-border mode. that in the global economy, in order to gain a competitive advantage, you need to clear from both adapted to local conditions, transfer of technology and cost savings in t

21、he pursuit of profit, allowing enterprises to access global expansion while it benefitsmultinational mode characteristics are, will some functions cost saving place and put some other functions so that more adapt to subsidiary local situation. some strategic elements such as consumer demand preferen

22、ce, local culture, distribution channel, competitors and government policies, laws and regulations and laws may be taken into consideration on its differences and adaptive strategy. for other factors, such as production and technology standardization strategy is taken.3.3 international modelfacing t

23、he global standardization pressure and adaptability pressure are very hour, can choose the international mode. in international mode, subsidiary although a certain degree of introducing new products according to local conditions, but like the freedom of research and core ability tend to be concentra

24、ted in the parent company. subsidiary in new products, new techniques, new concept depends on parent company, need a lot of parent company coordinate and control.international model's principal shortcoming is the freedom of maximum affiliates without respond to local conditions, nor to scale eco

25、nomy to implement low cost.3.4 the allied modethe adaptability of facing larger pressure, while the global standardization pressure relatively hours, can choose the allied mode. namely the local culture, consumer demand and preferences, distribution channel, product, promotion, competitors and subst

26、itutes, government policies, laws and regulations and laws and multinational company's parent company, big differences by strong global standardization implementation resistance. then must fully considering the influence of regional difference of product, price, promotion, and distribution local

27、ly portfolio decision.among the many nations mode, although parent company also exercise final control, but it gives subsidiary big autonomy, affiliates can according to the local conditions make corresponding change. its advantage is the fast reaction of the local market, products and services in s

28、ubsidiary metastasis between. main drawback is high manufacturing costs and repeat work.source：strategic management theory: an integrated approach charles hill ,gareth jones全球营销战略选择：标准化还是本土化经济全球化的发展趋势使得跨国公司必须选择合适的经营战略，全球营销标准化和适应性的战略是对立统一的关系，企业必须根据不同行业和产品进行具体分析。1 标准化全球营销标准化战略是将世界看成一个统一的大市场，为了企业的整体目标，

29、集中组织资源，开发国内与国际营销机会的过程。当不同国家的消费者对于某种商品的品味和偏好相近时，就存在着普遍的需求，因而，可以在营销策略上淡化国家界限，强调全球市场的共性和趋同性。先进的通信、运输和传播等技术使世界产生了强大的趋同性，创造了一个更加同一的市场，消费者的需求和偏好被同化，这些使的产品、生产和商业规则标准化，从而推动了全球营销的标准化。全球营销标准化带来的利益包括：是企业扩大市场份额，降低各种成本，取得规模效益，进而获得竞争优势：有利于树立企业统一的品牌形象，扩大知名度：有利于实现组织结构的 单纯化和管理的程序化。全球营销标准化主要包括营销过程和营销策略组合的标准化。营销过程标准化是

30、指目标任务的次序、问题解决过程、决策过程和业绩评价方式等方面的标准化。营销策略组合标准化是指在全球市场使用相同的渠道系统、利用同样的促销方式、以相同的价格提供同样的产品。事实上，很难在全球市场同时使营销过程和营销策略组合实现真正的标准化。2 适应性又称本土化由于国际企业的产品需要在多个国家进行销售，在某些情况下，企业必须考虑在不同国家的不同需求。当不同国家顾客的品位和偏好、习惯等存在较大差异时，适应性战略要发挥其功用。全球营销适应性战略或称本土化战略是考虑不同地区、不同种族、不同文化的顾客个性化和多样性需求，强调通过产品的差异和营销针对性满足全球不同顾客的需求。由于各国及各区域市场间关税壁垒的

31、普遍存在，文化、经济发展程度，政府的政策、法规及法律和分销体系等方面存在差异，因此必须根据当地的具体情况，实施适合性的分销、沟通、定价、促销等策略或改变某些产品特征。实施营销本土化战略的理论基础是细分和定位理论、摩擦理论。细分和定位理论认为世界市场是一个异质化的市场，基于不同市场之间的差异，针对当地细分市场进行标准定位的战略可以获得差异化优势。适应当地顾客需求偏好的产品或许因为能提高顾客满意度而使顾客愿意花更高的价格购买，从而抵消了全球标准化条件所节约的成本。摩擦理论认为虽然标准化所带来的规模经济会促使成本降低，但总部与当地制造和营销机构或当地分销渠道之间的摩擦会产生经营协调成本。本土化营销战略的实施，同于在一些跨国公司获得巨大成功，对跨国公司全球化发展立下了汗马功劳。这些公司在“思考全球化，行动本土化”的方针指导下，力求“入乡随俗”，努力通过本土化营销战略减少目标市场营销环境的障碍，将品牌深深根植于目标顾客的心中，成为国际营销的成功典范。本土化营销早已成为