外文文献—CS体系结构和BS体系结构

1、附录 英文资料翻译英文原文：the architecture of c/s and the architecture of b/sdevelop web application program using asp the architecture that must first establish web application. now in application frequently with to have two: the architecture of c/s and the architecture of b/s. the customer / server structure

2、of two floorscustomer / server (client/server) model is a kind of good software architecture, it is the one of best application pattern of network. customer / server type computer divide into two kinds, one side who offers service is called as server, asks one side of service to be called as custome

3、r. to be able to offer service, server one side must have certain hardware and corresponding server software; also, customer one side must also have certain hardware and corresponding customer software. figure is as follows: figure 1 c/s modeit is most of to divide into computer network application

4、into two, in which the resource and function that part supports many users to share, it is realized by server; another part faces every user, is realized by client computer, also namely, client computer is usual to carry out proscenium function, realizes man-machine interaction through user interfac

5、e, or is the application program of specific conducted user. and server usually carries out the function of backstage supporter, manages the outside request concerning seting up, accepting and replying user that shared. for a computer, it can have double function, is being certain and momentary to c

6、arve to act as server, and again becomes client computer in another time. multilayer customer / server structure along with the development of enterprise application, recently, a kind of new multilayer architecture has arisen. customer application is the part of original customer application, is ano

7、ther and partial to have been transfered to server to apply. new customer application takes the responsibility for user interface and simple regular business logic and new server application resident core, changeable business logic. therefore its structure has become new (client application + server

8、 application)/server structure. following figure shows: figure2 b/s modebrowser/server and browser / server hold the architecture of b/s. on essence, browser/server is also a kind of structure of client/server, it is a kind of from the traditional two levels of structural development of client/serve

9、r come to the three-layer structural special case of client/server that applied on web. under the three-layer architecture of browser/server, express layer (presentatioon), function layer (business logic), data layer (data service) have been cut the unit of 3 relative independences: it is the first

10、layer of to express layer: web browser in expressing layer contain system show logic, locate in customer end. it's task is to suggest by web browser to the certain a web server on network that service is asked , after verifying for user identity, web server delivers needed homepage with http agr

11、eement to customer end, client computer accept the homepage file that passed , and show it in web browser on.second layer function layer: have the web server of the application function of program extension in function layer contain the systematic handling of general affairs logic, locate in web ser

12、ver end. it's task is the request concerning accepting user, need to be first conducted and corresponding to expand application program and database to carry out connection, passes through the waies such as sql to database server to put forward data handling to apply for, then etc. database serv

13、er the result of handling data submit to web server, deliver again by web server to return customer end. the number of plies of 3th according to layer: database server in data layer contain systematic data handling logic, locate in database server end. its task is to accept the request that web serv

14、er controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database, update etc. function, and submit operation result to web server. careful analysis is been easy to see , the architecture of browser/server of three-layer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure of

15、client/server logic modular from the task of client computer in split , from the first floor of individual composition bear the pressure of its task and such client computer have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given web server, so from the structural change of client/server

16、of original two floor the structure of browser/server of three-layer. this kind of structure not only client computer from heavy burden and the requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation come out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in fr

17、ee oneself. since client computer handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given function server, make client computer right off " slender " a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling complex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsib

18、le to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between every client computer, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. between this kind of three-layer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any f

19、irst floor does not affect the function of other layer. it has changed the defect of the two levels of architecture of client/server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture. the contrast of two architecturesthe architecture of browser/s

20、erver and the architecture of client/server compare with all advantages that not only have the architecture of client/server and also have the architecture of clinet/server the unique advantage that place does not have: open standard: the standard adopted by client/server only in department unificat

21、ion for but, it's application is often for special purpose. it is lower to develop and defend cost: it need to be implemented on all client computers that the application of client/server must develop the customer end software for special purpose, no matter installation and disposition escalate

22、still, have wasted manpower and material resources maximumly. the application of browser/server need in customer end have general browser , defend and escalate to work in server end go on , need not carry out any change as customer holds , have reduced the cost of development and maintenance so grea

23、tly. it is simple to use, interface friendly: the interface of the user of client/server is decided by customer end software, interface and the method of its use are not identical each, per popularize a system of client/server ask user study from the beginning, is hard to use. the interface of the u

24、ser of browser/server is unified on browser, browser is easy to use, interface friendly, and must not study use again other software, the use of a lao yong yi that has solved user problem. customer end detumescence: the customer end of client/server has the function that shows and handles data, as t

25、he requirement of customer end is a client computer “it is fat “very high. the customer of browser/server holds the access that not takes the responsibility for database again and the etc. task of complex data calculation, need it only show, the powerful role that has played server fully is so large

26、 to have reduced the requirement for customer end, customer end become very “thin”. system is flexible: the 3 minutes of the system of client/server, in modular, have the part that need to change to want relation to the change of other modular, make system very difficult upgrading. the 3 minutes of

27、the system of browser/server modular relative independence, in which a part of modular change, other modular does not get influence, it is very easy that system improve to become, and can form the system with much better performance with the product of different manufacturer. security: in the system

28、 of client/server, directly join with database server because of client computer, user can very easily change the data on server, can not guarantee systematic safety. the system of browser/server has increased a level of web server between client computer and database server , makes two not to be di

29、rectly linked again, client computer can not be directly controled for database, prevent user efficiently invade illegally. the architecture of browser/server of three-layer has the advantage that a lot of traditional architectures of client/server does not have , and is close to have combined the t

30、echnology of internet/intranet, is that the tendency of technical development tends to , it application system tape into one brand-new develop times. from this us option the configuration of b/s the architecture that develops as system.what is c/s with b/s? (1) what is the structure of c/s.? c/s (cl

31、ient/server) structure, the server structure and client computer that all know well. it is software systematic architecture, through it can hold hardware environment fully using two advantages, realize task reasonable distribution to client end and server end, have reduced systematic communication e

32、xpense. now, the most systems of application software are the two levels of structure of the form of client/server , are developing to the web application of distribution type since current software application is systematic, web and the application of client/server can carry out same business handl

33、ing , apply different modular to share logic assembly; therefore it is systematic that built-in and external user can visit new and existing application , through the logic in existing application system, can expand new application system. this is also present application system develop direction. t

34、raditional c/s architecture though adopting is open pattern, but this is the openness that system develops a level, in specific application no matter client end or server end the software that need to still specify support. because of the software software that need to develop different edition acco

35、rding to the different system of operating system that can not offer the structure of c/s and the open environment of user genuine expectation, besides, the renovation of product is very rapid, is nearly impossible to already meet the 100 computer above users of local area network at the same time u

36、se. price has low efficiency high. if my courtyard uses , shanghai exceed the orchid company's management software " statistics of law case" is typical cs architecture management software. (2) what is the structure of b/s.? b/s (browser/server) structure is browser and server structure

37、. it is along with the technology of internet spring up; it is for the structure of improvement or a kind of change of the structure of c/s. under this kind of structure, user working interface is to realize through www browser, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( browser) realizat

38、ion, but the major logic of general affairs in server end( server) realization, form the three-layer claimed 3-tier structure. so, have simplified customer end computer load greatly, have alleviated system to defend workload and the cost with upgrading, have reduced the overall cost of user (tco). w

39、ith present technology see, local area network the network application that establishes the structure of b/s and under the pattern of internet/intranet, database application is easy to hold relatively, cost also is lower. it is that oneness goes to the development of position , can realize different

40、 people, never same place, with difference receive the way of entering ( for example lan, wan, internet/intranet etc.) visit and operate common database; it can protect data platform efficiently with management visit limits of authority, server database is also safe. now in my courtyard, net ( intra

41、net ) , outer net ( internet ) with beijing eastern clear big company " law case and the management software of official business " is the structural management software of b/s , policemen each working station in local area network pass through www browser can realize working business. esp

42、ecially in java step platform language appearance after, the configuration management software of b/s is more facilitated, is shortcut, efficient. (3) the management software technology of main stream the technology of main stream of management software technology is as management thought , have als

43、o gone through 3 develop period. first, interface technology goes to windows graph interface ( or graph user interface gui ) from last century dos character interface, till browser browser interface 3 differences develop period. secondly, today own the browser interface of computer, is not only visu

44、al and is easy to use , what is more major is that any its style of application software based on browser platform is as, make the requirement of choosing a person for the job for operating training not high and software operability is strong , is easy to distinguish; moreover platform architecture

45、the file that also goes to today from past single user development/server ( f/s ) system and client computer/server ( c/s ) system and browser/server ( b/s ) system. the comparison of c/s and b/sc/s and b/s is the now world two technologies of main stream of developing pattern technical configuratio

46、n. c/s is that american borland company researches and develop most early, b/s is that american microsoft researches and develop. now this two technologies with quilt world countries grasp , it is many that domestic company produce article with c/s and the technical development of b/s. this two tech

47、nologies have the certain market share of self, is with customer crowd, each domestic enterprise says that own management software configuration technical function is powerful, advanced, convenient, the customer group that can lift, have a crowd scholar ink guest to shake flag self cry out, advertis

48、ement flies all over the sky, may be called benevolent to see kernel, sage sees wisdom.c/s configures inferior position and the advantage of software (1) application server operation data load is light comparativelythe database application of the simplest architecture of c/s is become by two partial

49、 groups; customer applies program and database server program. both can be called as proscenium program and the program of backstage supporter respectively. the machine of operation database server program is also called as application server. once server program had been started , waits the request

50、 concerning responding customer program hair at any time; customer application program operation can be called as customer computer on the own computer of user, in correspondence with database server, when needs carry out any operation for the data in database, customer program seeks server program

51、voluntarily , and sends request to it, server program is regular as basis intends to make to reply, send to return result, application server operation data load is lighter. (2) data store management function relatively transparentin database application data store management function, is carried ou

52、t respectively independently by server program and customer application program, is regular as proscenium application can violate, and usually those different (no matter is have known still unknown) operations data, in server program, do not concentrate realization, for instance visit limits of auth

53、ority, serial number can be repeated, must have customer talent establishment the rule order. it is these to own, for the last user that works on proscenium program is “transparent ", they need not be interest in (can not usually also interfere) the course of behind, can complete own all work.

54、in the application of customer server configuration proscenium program not is very “thin ", troublesome matter is delivered to server and network. in the system of c/s take off, database can not become public really, professionally more competent storehouse, it gets independent special manageme

55、nt. (3) the inferior position of the configuration of c/s is high maintenance cost make investment just bigfirst, with the configuration of c/s, will select proper database platform to realize the genuine "unification" of database data, make the data synchronism that spreads in two lands c

56、omplete deliver by database system go to manage, but the logically two operators of land will directly visit a same database to realize efficiently , have so some problems, if needs establishment the data synchronism of " real time ", the database server that must establish real time commu

57、nication connection between two places and maintains two lands is online to run , network management staff will again want to defend and manage for customer end as server defends management , maintenance and complex tech support and the investment of this high needs have very high cost, maintenance

58、task is measured. secondly, the software of the structure of c/s of tradition need to develop the software of different edition according to the different system of operating system , is very rapid because of the renovation of product, price is working needs high with inefficient already do not meet

59、. in java step platform language appearance after, the configuration of b/s is more vigorous impact c/s , and forms threat and challenge for it. .the advantage of b/s configuration software (1) the maintenance of inferior position and upgrading way are simplenow upgrading and the improvement of software system more and more frequently, the product of the configuration of b/s embodies more convenient property obviously. for one a little a little bit big unit , if systematic administrator needs , between hundreds of 1000 even last computers round trip run , efficiency and workload is to c