外研版八年级上module3

1、 MODULE3本单元需要掌握的单词：Earth, Mars, already, just, model, station, panic, latest, several, month, discover, recently, show, over, planet, solar, also, none, environment, air, grow, part, galaxy, billion, universe, light, beyond, alone, entrance, cost, prefer, diary, even, Jupiter, secret, real, twice, e

2、xplore, mission, unmanned.二、重点单词短语讲解1. millions of + n. “数百万的”(two) million + n. “(两)百万”There are _ (million / millions )of people in Shanghai.The Big Library has got two _ (million / millions ) books.Our Earth is _ years old. A. five million of B. millions of C. five millions hundreds of / thousand

3、s of + n. two hundred / thousand + n.2. go around “绕着运转” around (prep.) = round The Earth goes around the Sun. He runs around the playground every day.3. more than = over “超过, 多于” More than 200 people from Dongsi are learning English. My grandpa is over 70 years old.( 改为同义句） My grandpa is _ _ 70 yea

4、rs old.4.Dont panic! 别紧张！panic 在这里是动词，意思是“（使）惶恐”。例如：Dont panic! Weve got plenty of time.panic 还可以表示名词，表示“恐慌，惊恐，惊慌”。In panic 惊恐的例如：She got into a panic when the fire started.5already adv. 已经，早已(尤与动词完成时态连用)e.g.Ive already seen that film, so Id rather see another one.我已经看过那部电影了，所以还是看部别的吧。Have your chil

5、dren started school already?你的孩子们已经上学了？注意：yet和already均用于表示到某时或某时前可能完成的动作，两者多与完成时态连用。yet只用于否定式的陈述句及疑问句中；already强调动作的完成，常与肯定的陈述句连用，already也可以用在疑问句中，多用来表示惊奇。e.g.I am not ready yet.我还没准备好呢。Are you out of bed yet?你已经起床了吗？Have you finished lunch already?你已经吃过午饭了吗？6just adv. 刚刚，刚才e.g.I have just seen John.

6、 我刚才见到约翰了。7. explore v. 勘探；探测As soon as they arrived in the town they went out to explore. 他们一到这座城镇就出外查看周围环境。We explored several solutions to the problem. 我们探讨了几种解决该问题的方法。8. several adj. 几个的，数个的（三个以上）e.g.Several letters arrived this morning.今天上午来了几封信。Several of you need to work harder.你们有几个人还需要努力。9r

7、ecently adv. 最近He has been to Beijing recently.他最近去过北京。10also adv. 也，同样；而且（不与否定式动词连用）e.g.She speaks French and German and also a little Russian.她会说法语、德语，还会说一点儿俄语。He is young and good-looking, and also very rich.他又年轻又漂亮，而且还很富有。I teach five days a week and I also teach evening classes.我每星期教五天，而且还教晚上的课

8、。比较：also/too/as wellalso, too, as well都指句中有关词语与前面提到的事物相结合或相一致，这三个词语的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同。also含较庄重色彩，通常用于主要动词之前（但若主要动词为be，则放于其后）e.g.Ive met Jane and Ive also met her mother.我已见到简，我也见到了她的母亲。She was rich, and she was also selfish.她很富，她也很自私。too和as well比较通俗，通常用于从句的句尾。e.g.Ive read the book and Ive seen the fil

9、m as well/too.我看过这本书，也看过这部电影。三、词语辨析1. discover invent find find out1）discover意为“发现”，表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误，即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物，也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。We soon discovered the truth 我们很快就弄清了真相。2) invent意为“发明”，指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。Who invented the telephone？ 是谁发明电话的？3) find意为“找到、发现”，指找到或发

10、现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西，着重指找到的结果。We've found oil under the South Sea我们已在南海发现了石油。4)find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。I've found you out at last.我终于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。巩固训练：1) Columbus _ America in1492哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。2) Please _what time the delegation will come

11、. 请查一查代表团什么时候来3) They finally _ a way 他们终于找到了办法。4) He _ a new teaching method他发明了一种新的教学方法。2. alone lonelyalone和lonely是一对同义词，但它们的意义和用法有所不同1) alone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独自的（地）、单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。 alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home. （她独自一人在家。） alone用作副词修饰动词时，应该放在动词后面作状语。例如：

12、I like to work alone. （我喜欢独自一人工作。）2) lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思。该词带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，其比较级形式为lonelier。lonely用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，无人烟的，荒凉的，偏僻的”等。例如：At heart, Im a lonely man. （内心深处我很孤独。）lonely 用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意思。例如：We never feel lonely in Shanghai. （在上海我们从不感到孤独。）巩固训练：1) He is not

13、_ in this idea. 有这种想法的不只是他一个人。2)老师走进教室时，韩梅正独自一人在看书。3) Thats a _ island.那是一个荒凉的岛屿。4) 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。3. spend cost take pay for1) spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：The

14、y spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 2) cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时

15、间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 3) take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car too

16、k him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 4)pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Dont worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。巩固训练：(

17、1)我花50元买了这件大衣。 (2) 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 (3)你付他多少钱？ 4.late later latter latest 1)late adj. & adv. 迟，迟的，晚的，晚期，在晚期。如： He is never late for school. 他上学从不迟到。请记住以下几种搭配：in the late afternoon 傍晚，在下午较晚的时候in the late 1990s / 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代末work late /far/deep into the night 工作至深夜late in autumn 深秋2). later ad

18、j. & adv. 为late比较级，意指较迟，较晚一些。如：Two hours later, the ship sank. 两小时后，轮船沉没了。See you later! 再见！要记住以下几个固定搭配：sooner or later 迟早（early or late）no later than不迟于later on以后，后来。如：另外，later还可用作状语，表示“后来”之意。如：Later he became a general. 后来他当上了将军。3)latter adj. 意思是指（两者中）后者的，后者，反义词是former，（两者中）前者。注意，不要把latter与lat

19、e的比较级later混淆。如：Of the two the latter is far better than the former. 两者中后者远比前者好。4)latest adj. & adv. 为late的最高级。意思是最新、最近或最迟。如：A British car company was about to sell its latest type of car in Germany. 一家英国汽车公司正要在德国出售其最新型的汽车。巩固训练：1).The train was 10 minutes _. 火车晚点十分钟。2).The radio is broadcasting _

20、 news about the man-made satellite. 电台正在播送有关人造卫星的最新消息。3).The problem will be solved _. 这个问题迟早会解决。4).Lets discuss the question _. 让我们以后再讨论这个问题吧。5).He is to arrive at _ 10 p.m. 他最迟不过晚上十点赶到。6).Did he walk or swim? _ seems unlikely. 他走路还是游泳？后者好像不太可能。重点句式prefer doing to doing 宁愿而不愿prefer to do sth 更喜欢pre

21、fer sth to sth 比起更喜欢Many people prefer to live in the country.= Many people prefer living in the country to living in the city.= Many people prefer the country life to the city life.类似结构还有：prefer to do rather than dowould rather do than do would do rather than do训练：和猫比起来，我更喜欢狗。 晚饭后，他宁愿呆在家里看电视也不出去散步。

22、课后作业学生姓名:_ 家长签字：_ 一、根据句意和提示完成句子。1.Has it reached (火星) yet?2.The journey has taken (数月).3.We havent found life on other (行星)yet.4.The sun and its planet are called (太阳系).5.Its an (不载人的) mission.6.The (宇航员) have discovered many interesting things.7.The v(信息) has been around the country about three yea

23、rs.二、用方框里适当的短语完成句子。hear aboutmillions oftry doing sth.go aroundmore thansend sb.(a)message(s)try to do sth.1.I havent seen Tom for a long time,so I him .2.The earth is a planet and it t he sun.3.There has been life on earth for years.4.There is one galaxy.5.They have send information to us.6.Tom,Ive

24、 just heard that scientists have sent a spacecraft to Mars.Really?I havent this yet.三、从方框中选出适当的句子补全对话。Jack:1Lucy:I have been to the bookstore.Look,I bought a book.Jack:What is its name?Lucy:“Journey to Mars”.2Jack:No,I havent read it before.Do you mind lending it to me?Lucy:3Jack:Thank you!Lucy:4A.O

25、f course not.Here you are.B.Have you read this book before?C.Not at all.D.Where have you been?四、单项填空1.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they whats happened to him.A.knewB.have knownC.must knowD.will know2.These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When there?A.will they go B.did they goC.do t

26、hey go D.have they gone 3. you your homework yet?Yes.I it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish4.Miss Green isnt in the office.She to the library.A.has gone B.went C.will go D.has been5.My parents Shandong for ten years.A.have been in B.have be

27、en toC.have gone to D.have been6.It ten years since he left the army.A.is B.has C.will D.was五、根据括号中的要求改写下列句子。1.He is going to Shanghai.(用现在完成时) 2.I heard about the news about the space travel.(改为同义句) 3.Scientists have found life on other planets.(改为否定句) 4.They havent been to Mars.(用yet) 5.The spacecraft has reached the moon.(用just) 6.Many astronauts have visited the space station.(用already) 答案：一.1.Mars2.several months3.planets4.solar system5.unmanned6.astronauts,recently7.message 二、1.send,a message2.go