2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件15：主谓一致

1、15主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致的人称和数一致, ,这就叫主这就叫主谓一致谓一致. .I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class. 但是如果主语不是单一但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）据语法一致（从前原则）意义一致就近原则意义

2、一致就近原则一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。E g: E g: （1 1）The The number number of errors of errors was was surprising.surprising.错误之多是惊人的错误之多是惊人的（2 2） WeWe love love our motherlandour motherland .二、二、 意义一致原则意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外

3、部语法形态来决定，主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。E gE g（1 1）The The crowd crowd werewere fighting for their lives. fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。这些人正为生存而战斗

4、。 （2 2）Three years in a strange landThree years in a strange land seems like a seems like a long time .long time . 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。三、就近原则三、就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。的形式。 E g(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants t

5、o go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .就近原则的使用情况：就近原则的使用情况：当作主语的两个名词或代词由当作主语的两个名词或代词由or ,eitheror ,eitheror ,neitheror ,neithernor, whethernor, whetheroror.not not only only but alsobut also，notnotbutbut连接时连接时; ;在在there there bebe./here be./here be句型中句型中(1)There _a lamp, two pe

6、ns and three books on the desk.(2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you.(3)Not only his family but also he _ (喜欢）喜欢）Chaplins movies.(4)You or I _ going to receive them this afternoon.isarelikesam5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A.is B.are C.am D.b

7、e6. There _ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a.attends b.attend c. are attendingd. have attended9._

8、was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher10.He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dictionary _ wanted.A. are B. isC. was D. were 有有 连接并列主语时连接并列主语时,采取从采取从前原则前原则.3) He,

9、like you and your brother, _ very clever. (be)4) The teacher, including his students, _going to see Professor Tell. (be)5) Mary, together with his sisters _ gone back.(have)arewasishashas1.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work.A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are

10、sending2._ either he or I fit for the job? Neither he nor you _.A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is3.Nothing but cars _ in the shop.A. is sold B. are sold C. were soldD. are going to sell4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered

11、 D.has offered5.Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.a.need b.needs c. has a need d. have a need6.To tell you the truth, I, as well as the other students, _ hungry.A. sure am B. am sure C. sure are D. are sure1.A

12、poet and a novelist have visited our school.2.Wu Dong and Wu Xi _ twin brother. (be)are1.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A. has B. have C. areD. is2. The secretary of the Party branch and the director of that factory often _with the workers.A. works B. workC. is workingD. are working

13、 3) A journalist and author _(live)in the house 4) The doctor and professor _ (be) coming at once.livesis1.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. beB. was C. are D. were2. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a. is b. arec. were d. have been3.Light and heat _often

14、 sent out together with heavy smoke. A.is B. was C. are D. being4. _ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teachereveryand (every); each and (each) ; no and (no) ; many a and (many a)连接两个单

15、数名词作主语时，谓连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词语动词 用单数。用单数。 1.Every desk and every chair _ made of wood. (be)2.Many a boy and girl _made the same mistake. (have)3.No boy and no girl _ (be) in the classroom.4.Many a student _ (like) pop songs.ishasislikes1.Each man and woman _ the same rights.a. has b. have c. had d. is

16、having2. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a. have realizedb. has realized c. have been realizedd. has been realized3.No chair and no desk _ permitted to be taken away from the reading room.A.are B. wereC. isD. be4.Many a father _learnt to his sorrow what it is to have a

17、 son who tells lies.A. have B. isC. are D. has5.Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.a. knows b. know c. is known d. are knownthe majority of,is1._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , is B.Two fifth ,areC.Two fifths

18、 , is D.Two fifths , are2. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult.A.isB.are C.was D.were 3.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have keptd. have been kept4. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a. is b. arec. were d. be5.T

19、he majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a. are believedb. had believed c. has believed d. believe6. Three-fourths of the buildings _.a. was destroyed b. is destroyedc. were destroyed d. has been destroyednone 有时作单数看待，有时作复数有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。 eg.None of the boo

20、ks are easy enough for us. None of us has a camera. None of the money is paid to me.one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/something/ everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/ the number+of +复数名词作主语或是独复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数

21、立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book. Neither of them has told me.Either of the answers is right.1.They each _ a new dictionary.A.has B.have C.isD.are2.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. am b. be c. is d. are 3.Each of the students in our class _great interest in English and th

22、ey each _ a copy of New English-Chinese Dictionary.A.shows；haveB.have；hasC.is；have D.takes；has4.The two sisters are forced to play the piano. In fact，neither of them _ to play it.A.likeB.likedC.likesD.liking5.Nobody but his family _the secret.A.know B. are known C. have known D. knewone and a half做主

23、做主语时，谓语动词用做语时，谓语动词用做单数。单数。One and a half years has passed.One and a half apples has rotted away.more 复数名词复数名词 than one 和和 more than one 单数名词单数名词的意义相同，均表示的意义相同，均表示“不只一不只一个个”，但前者用作复数，后者用，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。作单数。more than + 两个以上两个以上的数字的数字+名词复数做主语时，谓语名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。动词用复数。 More students than one were punish

24、ed. More than one student was punished. More than two hundred persons are present.More than one was killed in the battle.1. More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have been b. arec. has been d. has2.More than one graduate _ sent to the hardest place since 1979.A.is B. are C. has been D. have been1. “_

25、twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.”a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were2. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were算术中的动词单复数都算术中的动词单复数都可以可以, , 多用单数。多用单数。Two and two makes/make four.Three times three is nine.isare/wereishave 1. The committee _ over the proble

26、m among themselves for two hours.a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing2.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a. is b. was c. are d. has been 3. His family _ always quarrelling among _. A.is；itselfB.are；themselvesC.is；themselvesD.are；i

27、tselfarefeedhave1.Cattle _ on the hillside.a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing2. The youth of China today _ trying their best to study modern science and technology.A.is B.wasC.wereD.are3) The true _(be)to be distinguished from the false.4) The rich _(be)for the plan, but the poor

28、 against it.isare1.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken in B.has been taken inC.have taken inD.has taken in2.In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becomingwhat, who, which, any(of) , more, most, all(of) ,half(of), part (of) 等代词作主语，谓

29、语等代词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。要看它们指代的是什么来决定。1 ) Which is your room?2) Which are your rooms?3) All that can be done has been done.4) All of the workers are skilled.5) A man who thinks only himself can never be happy.6) He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.一个不定式，动名词

30、，从句作主一个不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式，动名词或或两个以上的不定式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，仍然用单数。仍然用单数。Reading is a good way.To say it is one thing , to do it is another.What he says and what he does do not agree.Early to go to bed and early to rise makes a

31、man healthy, wealthy and wise.1. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decidedB.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided2. What caused the accident _ on the road.a. were stone b. were stonesc. was stone d. was stones 3.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many proble

32、ms.a.involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 在定语从句中，谓语动词在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。总是与先行词保持一致。1、He is one of the students who are modest.2

33、、He is the only one of the students who is modest.3、All those who want to go on a journey ,please sign your names here.在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主语取得一致。其后的第一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句要采用就近也就是说，倒装句要采用就近原则。原则。Where is your mother and your sisters?In the room was found a hat, a few suits of clothes and som

34、e shoes and socks.1.Between the two rows of trees _ a teaching building and two dormitores.A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are2. On the wall _two large portraits of his parents.A. hangs B.hanged C. hanging D.hang3.Growing around the lake _ wild flowers of different colors.A.isB. are C. hasD. have一个肯定的

35、主语和一个否定一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。数往往依肯定的主语而定。You, not I, are to be praised. I ,not you, am be blame.以以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓语用单数。名称作主语，谓语用单数。Maths is a useful subject.His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1970.A. was B. were C. had beenD. hav

36、e been1.The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays2. Mathematics _ the language of science.a. is b. has been c. are d. have been由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等动会等s 结尾的专有名词结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。作主语谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 表示成双成套的名词，如：表示成双成套的名词，如：trou

37、sers, shorts, shoes ,socks, scissors, glasses, compasses,等做等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。主语时，谓语动词用复数。Toms trousers are too long.Your glasses are on your nose.There is a pair of shoes under the bed.The pairs of shoes have worn out.Where_my scissors?_ right on the desk.A.are; ItsB.is; ItsC.are; They areD.is; They are

38、1._ this pair of trousers fit him well?A.AreB. Is C. DoD. Does2. Strangely enough，a pair of new trousers _among the rubbish.A.were found B. was foundC.found D. had found(1)A cart and a horse in the distance (2)A cart and horse in the distance Awas seen Bwere seenCSeeDseesBA2.The factory, including i

39、ts machines and buildings, burnt last nightAis Bare Cwere Dwas 3.(1) The students in our school each an English dictionary (2) Each of the students in our school an English dictionary Aare having Bhad Chas Dhave DC4.(1)Many students that mistake before (2)Many a student that mistake before Ahad made

40、 Bhas been made Chave made Dhas made CD5. I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows Awas Bare Cis Dam6All but him and me to the cinema Aare going Bis goingCwas going Dhas going 7Some person calling for you at the gate Awill be Bis being Cis Dare 8The population of China larger than t

41、hat of the USA Awill be Bare Cis Dwas9Deer faster than dogs Awill run Bare running Cruns Drun10Every means tried, but there is no resultAhave been Bhas been Cwill be Dwere 11This pair of trousers my sisterMy trousers Ais belong to; is being washed Bbelongs to; are being washedCbelong to; are being washed Dare belonging to; has bee