隧道施工项目一隧道结构物76课件

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

项目一隧道结构物Item1Tunnelstructures任务四围岩分级——围岩分级方法Task4Surroundingrockclassification——Classificationmethodofsurroundingrock学习目标

Learningobjectives2知识目标通过本任务的学习，学生应了解围岩分级方法；掌握围岩分级考虑的基本因素和修正因素；判断围岩的稳定性。knowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldunderstandtheclassificationmethodofsurroundingrock;Masterthebasicandcorrectionfactorsofsurroundingrockclassification;Judgethestabilityofsurroundingrock.学习目标

Learningobjectives3能力目标通过本任务的学习，学生能简单辨识围岩；能判定围岩的稳定；养成爱学习的习惯，树立安全质量意识。CapabilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentscaneasilyidentifythesurroundingrock;Itcanjudgethestabilityofsurroundingrock;Developthehabitoflearningandestablishtheawarenessofsafetyandquality.1、目的作为选择施工方法的依据；进行科学管理及正确评价经济效益；确定结构上的荷载(松散荷载)；给出衬砌结构的类型及尺寸；作为制定劳动定额、材料消耗标准的基础等。1.PurposeAsthebasisfortheselectionofconstructionmethods;Scientificmanagementandcorrectevaluationofeconomicbenefits;Determinetheloadonthestructure(looseload);Thetypeandsizeofliningstructurearegiven;Asthebasisoflaborquotaandmaterialconsumptionstandard.一、围岩分级方法

Ⅰ.Classificationmethodofsurroundingrock一、围岩分级方法

Ⅰ.Classificationmethodofsurroundingrock2、方法第Ⅰ类：与岩性有关的要素，例如分为硬岩、软岩、膨胀岩等。第Ⅱ类：与地质构造有关的要素，如软弱结构面的分布与性态、风化程度等。

第Ⅲ类：与地下水有关的要素。2.MethodsClassI:elementsrelatedtolithology,suchashardrock,softrock,swellingrock,etc.ClassII:elementsrelatedtogeologicalstructure,suchasdistributionandbehaviorofweakstructuralplane,weatheringdegree,etc.ClassIII:elementsrelatedtogroundwater.二、铁路隧道围岩分级

Ⅱ.Classificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnel目前铁路隧道围岩基本分级，Ⅰ～Ⅵ（稳定~不稳定）级。㈠围岩分级的基本因素1.岩石坚硬程度；岩石划分为极硬岩、硬岩、较软岩、软岩和极软岩5类2.岩体完整程度划分为完整、较完整、较破碎、破碎和极破碎等5类。Atpresent,thesurroundingrockofrailwaytunnelisbasicallyclassifiedasI~VI(stable~unstable).（1）Abasicfactorofsurroundingrockclassification1.Rockhardness;Therocksaredividedintofivetypes:extremelyhardrock,hardrock,relativelysoftrock,softrockandextremelysoftrock2.RockmassintegrityItcanbedividedintofivecategories:complete,relativelycomplete,relativelybroken,brokenandextremelybroken.1.岩石坚硬程度

1.Rockhardness2.岩体完整状态

2.Integrityofrockmass三、铁路隧道围岩分级

Ⅲ.Classificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnel（二）我国铁路隧道围岩基本分级根据岩石坚硬程度和岩体完整程度将围岩分为Ⅵ级（表1-7）（2）BasicclassificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnelinChinaAccordingtotherockhardnessandrockintegrity,thesurroundingrockisdividedintogradeVI(table1-7)三、铁路隧道围岩分级

Ⅲ.Classificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnel（三）围岩分级的影响因素及分级的修正考虑地下水状态、初始地应力状态等必要的因素，围岩级别在基本分级的基础上应该进行修正。1.地下水⑴水的危害：软化围岩；降低围岩的强度；使岩体流动。⑵处理方法：根据地下水量的大小，采用降级或不降级处理。(3)TheinfluencingfactorsofsurroundingrockclassificationandthecorrectionofclassificationConsideringthenecessaryfactorssuchasgroundwaterstateandinitialstressstate,thesurroundingrocklevelshouldbecorrectedonthebasisofbasicclassification.1.groundwater①waterhazard:Softenthesurroundingrock;Reducethestrengthofsurroundingrock;Toallowtherockmasstoflow.②treatmentmethod：Accordingtothesizeofgroundwatervolume,degradationornondegradationtreatmentisadopted.三、铁路隧道围岩分级

Ⅲ.Classificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnel（三）围岩分级的影响因素及分级的修正1.地下水⑶地下水量的大小：三级(3)Influencefactorsofsurroundingrockclassificationandcorrectionofclassification1.Groundwater③theamountofundergroundwater:threelevels三、铁路隧道围岩分级

Ⅲ.Classificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnel（三）围岩分级的影响因素及分级的修正1.地下水⑷具体处理：（3）Influencefactorsofsurroundingrockclassificationandcorrectionofclassification1.Groundwater(4)specifictreatment:围岩基本分级

地下水状态分级ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅠⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡⅠⅡⅢ或Ⅳ①ⅤⅥⅢⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥ三、铁路隧道围岩分级

Ⅲ.Classificationofsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnel（三）围岩分级的影响因素及分级的修正2.初始应力场可根据隧道工程埋深、地貌、地形、地质、构造运动史、主要构造线与开挖过程中出现的岩爆、岩芯饼化等特殊地质现象，进行评估。根据高应力和低应力，对围岩级别予以降级3.

主要结构面产状状态考虑主要结构面产状与洞轴线的组合关系，并结合结构面工程特性、富水情况等因素综合分析确定。（3）Influencefactorsofsurroundingrockclassificationandcorrectionofclassification2.InitialstressfieldItcanbeevaluatedaccordingtotheburieddepthoftunnelengineering,landform,topography,geology,tectonicmovementhistory,mainstructurallines,rockburst,corecakeandotherspecialgeologicalphenomenaduringexcavation.Accordingtothehighstressandlowstress,thesurroundingrockgradeisdegraded.3.OccurrencestateofmainstructuralplaneConsideringthecombinationrelationshipbetweentheoccurrenceofthemainstructuralplaneandthetunnelaxis,andcombinedwiththeengineeringcharacteristicsofthestructuralplane,waterrichsituationandotherfactors,itisdeterminedbycomprehensiveanalysis.思政点：

Ideologicalandpoliticalobjectives:认识围岩就可以提前预测施工中的动态，做到防患于未然，为安全施工奠定了基础，这就需要大家平时工作生活中多积累工作经验，树立安全质量意识，通过自己专业知识，来保证隧道施工安全。Knowingthesurroundingrockcanpredictthedynamicstateoftheconstructioninadvance,soastopreventthetroubleinadvanceandlaythefoundation