辅导第五课语法填空专题

1、尖子生辅导材料尖子生辅导材料 语法填空语法填空 在在2007年广东的高考试题中，单项选年广东的高考试题中，单项选择题被取消，改为语法填空。该题是在一择题被取消，改为语法填空。该题是在一篇约篇约180 词、难度适中的短文中设置词、难度适中的短文中设置10 个个空格，空格， 要求按照句子的语法结构或括号内要求按照句子的语法结构或括号内的单词完成词形变化、语法填空等项目。的单词完成词形变化、语法填空等项目。一般认为这种不提供选择项的一般认为这种不提供选择项的“语法填空语法填空”题比以前采用的提供选择项的题比以前采用的提供选择项的“单项选择单项选择”题的难度略大。但也有人认为这种无选择题的难度略大。但

2、也有人认为这种无选择项的项的“语法填空语法填空”题由于没有干扰项反而题由于没有干扰项反而有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平。有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平。语法填空的考查范围语法填空的考查范围（1）语法：）语法： 名词、动词（时态、语态、主名词、动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、代词、冠词、介谓一致、非谓语形式）、代词、冠词、介词、形容词和副词的比较等级、构词法、词、形容词和副词的比较等级、构词法、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句和倒装句固定搭配、情态动词、复合句和倒装句等。等。（2）语境（上下文）语境（上下文） 语法填空的能力要求语法填空的能力要求 （1）单词拼写能力）单词拼写能力 （2）分析

3、句子结构的能力）分析句子结构的能力 （3）熟练运用语法的能力）熟练运用语法的能力 （4）阅读理解语篇的能力）阅读理解语篇的能力高考（语法填空）常考的句子类型高考（语法填空）常考的句子类型简单句：简单句：五种基本句型五种基本句型并列句：并列句：转折、因果、联合、选择转折、因果、联合、选择复合句：复合句：定定语从句语从句(形容词性从句形容词性从句) 状状语从句（时间、地点、原因、目语从句（时间、地点、原因、目 的、结果、条件、方式、让步）的、结果、条件、方式、让步） (副词性从句副词性从句) 名名词性从句词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句同位语从句

4、)the boy said he wanted to become a farmer.he envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light _his family had only expensive lanterns. he envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them lightwhile/because/as _his family had only expensive lanterns.he envied

5、the farmers but his family had only expensive lanterns.考查了复合句和并列句的鉴别考查了复合句和并列句的鉴别the lives of the ancient people who once live around the lake and _ culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret.whosethe lives of the ancient people have long remained a secret.考查了复合句中的主从句的鉴别考

6、查了复合句中的主从句的鉴别recently, however, scientists taking part in an exploration project at the lake have found _ they believe to be a 1,000-year-old temple in the water. taking part in an exploration project at the lakewhat()考查了复合句中考查了复合句中的宾语从句的宾语从句discussion: 填词技巧反思填词技巧反思动词：动词：要考虑其要考虑其时态时态和和语态语态，以及它在句中是做，

7、以及它在句中是做谓语谓语还还 是是 非谓语非谓语； 或或 其词形变化其词形变化名词：名词：形容词：形容词： 引导词引导词 冠词冠词 介词介词 副词副词 代词代词存在于两个句子之间存在于两个句子之间存在于名词前面，往往存在于存在于名词前面，往往存在于“形容词形容词+名词名词”结构之结构之前前存在于名词前面，或固定搭配中存在于名词前面，或固定搭配中修饰上下文的动词或形容词时修饰上下文的动词或形容词时存在于动词或介词之后存在于动词或介词之后,或当句子缺少主语或宾语时或当句子缺少主语或宾语时要考虑其单复数形式，或其词形变化要考虑其单复数形式，或其词形变化要考虑最高级，比较级要考虑最高级，比较级, 副词

8、形式副词形式 以及词形变以及词形变化。化。语法填空考查知识点分类语法填空考查知识点分类1. 动词动词(谓语谓语/非谓语非谓语)-给出动词给出动词 的的 原原 形形, 根根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的据句子结构的需要给出其适当的 形形 式。填式。填动词形式动词形式,首先抓住主谓结构首先抓住主谓结构,确定主句确定主句,剩剩下的部分下的部分,若有连词则是句子若有连词则是句子,仍然有主谓结仍然有主谓结构构,否则就用非谓语否则就用非谓语;是谓语就要思考时是谓语就要思考时 态、态、语态和主谓一致关系；是非谓语语态和主谓一致关系；是非谓语 就就 看看 主主 动、被动和先后关系。动、被动和先后关系。 例如：例

9、如：(1) i was on my way to the taiyetoe mountains. the sun was setting when my car _(break ) down near a remote and poor village. (2007广东广东)(2) .for example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008广东广东)(3) we must also consider the reaction of the pers

10、on _(receive) the gift. (2007广州一广州一)(4) the exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom, _(change) to the library at the last minute. (2007广州二广州二)broketo helpingwas changed 2代词代词-挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。间出现不连贯。 例如：例如： (1) when the time came for me to say goodbye to my fri

11、ends in the village, i wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble i had caused . _(2007广东广东) (2) he was thinking about _day and night. （2008广东）广东） (3) i patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _.（2007广州二）广州二）heritmyself 3定语从句的定语从句的引导词引导词-根据定语从句的信息和

12、先根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。查逻辑思维能力。 例如：例如： (1) the exam, _was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library. （2007广州二）广州二） (2) more and more chinese students go abroad for study, _is supported by the chinese government. （2007茂名二）茂名二）whichwhich4

13、.连词（从属连词和并列连词）连词（从属连词和并列连词）-引导各种从句的引导各种从句的连连 词词 叫叫 做做 从从 属属 连连 词词。如：。如：that, what, when, whether,who, which, where, whatever,whoever, whichever, if, how, unless, until, before. 连连 接各种并列句的连词叫做接各种并列句的连词叫做并列连词并列连词。如：。如：and, but, or, so.考查连词，考生须从语法、语义、考查连词，考生须从语法、语义、语境等方面考虑，思路必须与作者的思路相吻合。语境等方面考虑，思路必须与作者

14、的思路相吻合。 例如例如 (1) one day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all his crop a few inches. （2008广东）广东） (2) he was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did grow higher. (2008广东广东) (3) i almost started to yell his name _i suddenly remembered he was in be

15、d asleep. （2007深圳二）深圳二） (4) _we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （2007佛山二）佛山二）thatbutwhenif 5.形容词或副词形容词或副词 要考查考生形容词或副词时，一要考查考生形容词或副词时，一 般以考查它们的比较等级为主，考生需要熟般以考查它们的比较等级为主，考生需要熟 记记 等级比较的所有句型。等级比较的所有句型。 例如：例如：(1) he was very tired after this

16、 but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”_ (high). （2008广东）广东）(2) in 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% _than the year before. （2007茂名二）茂名二）highermore6.介词（或数词）介词（或数词）-介词（或数词）大多数是短语介词（或数词）大多数是短语词组，考生需要尽可能地熟记尽可能多的短语词组，考生需要尽可能地熟记尽可能多

17、的短语词组。词组。 例如：例如：(1) _these proverbs there are often interesting stories.（2008广东）广东）(2) i was always told that three ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance(毅力) were a sure path _ success. (2007广广州二州二)behind to 7.词形或词性变化词形或词性变化- 给出单词的原形，要求考生给出单词的原形，要求考生 通过句子分析，看缺什么成分，再用（给出词通过句子分析，看缺什么成分，再用（给

18、出词 的）正确形式补充完整。的）正确形式补充完整。 例如：例如：(1) this proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. （2008广东广东）(2) _(fortunate), i then noticed that i just had 10 minutes to complete the rest.（2007广州二）广州二）naturalunfortunately 8. 冠词冠词- 冠词用在名词之前，考查考生对冠词冠词用在名词之前，考查考生对冠词 用法的掌握。用法的掌握。 例如：例如： (

19、1) then i went to the department store and bought her _expensive gift box of sichuan beef.（2007广州一）广州一） (2) but my mood quickly changed when i saw _ first question.（2007广州二）广州二）anthe 9. 特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短）特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短） 的熟练掌握程度，属字词层面考查。的熟练掌握程度，属字词层面考查。例如：例如： (1) it was not long _the waitress came back and then she b