大学英语——以读促写范例

1、 美文欣赏1优等生的奥秘埃德温·基斯特 莎莉·瓦伦丁·基斯特现在是剑桥大学理科一年级学生的阿历克斯，曾在曼彻斯特的中学校队里踢足球，还导演过学校的戏剧演出但他中学毕业时得了五个A。在布里斯托尔大学攻读英语的阿曼达在中学里参加过戏剧演出，还经常打网球，但她仍然得到了四个A。像他们这样的优等生是如何做到这一点的呢？脑子好使并不是唯一的答案。最有天赋的学生未必在考试中取得最好的成绩。懂得如何充分利用自己的才能要重要得多。学习刻苦也不能说明全部问题。在这些成绩优秀的学生中，有些人投入的时间其实比那些分数低的同学还少。班级中拔尖学生的成功之道在于他们掌握了一些基本的技巧，这

2、些技巧其他人也能很容易地学到。根据教育专家和学生们自己的叙述，优等生成功的奥秘有以下几点。1.全神贯注！拔尖生不允许他们的学习时间受到干扰。一旦书本打开，便电话不接，电视不看，报纸不读。“这并不意味着对生活中的重要事情置之不理，”阿曼达解释说，“这意味着要安排好学习时间，以便能全神贯注。要是我牵挂一位患病的朋友，我会在做功课之前先给她打个电话。Secrets of A Students Edwin Kiester & Sally Valentine KiesterAlex, now a first-year student in natural sciences at Cambridg

3、e, played football for his school in Manchester and directed the school production of a play but he left school with five A's. Amanda, studying English at Bristol University, acted in plays at her school and played tennis regularly. Yet she still managed to get four A's. How do A students li

4、ke these do it? Brains aren't the only answer. The most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams. Knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more. Hard work isn't the whole story either. Some of these high-achieving students actually put in fewer hour

5、s than their lower-scoring classmates. The students at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can easily learn. Here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of A students. 1. Concentrate! Top students allow no interruptions of

6、their study time. Once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspapers unread. "This doesn't mean ignoring important things in your life," Amanda explains. "It means planning your study time so that you can concentrate. If I'm worried about a sick fr

7、iend, I call her before I start my homework. 这样我坐下来学习时，就能真正集中心思了。”2.在任何地方或所有的地方学习。亚利桑那州一位教授曾奉命辅导一些成绩欠佳的大学运动员。他记得有一名赛跑运动员每天都要训练。他曾说服他利用这段时间记忆生物学术语。另一名学生则把词汇表贴在盥洗室墙上，每天刷牙时都记住一个生词。3.安排好资料。汤姆在中学时打过篮球。“我非常忙，不可能为了找一支铅笔或一本不见的笔记本而浪费时间。我把每样东西都放在随后可取的地方，”他说。新墨西哥州学生保罗为每门功课备有两个文件夹，一个放当天布置的作业，另一个放已完成要交的家庭作业。一个抽屉

8、把必需的用品放在一起，这样就可减少因找东西而浪费的时间。4.安排好时间。当教师布置写一篇长论文时，阿历克斯会花两三天时间去阅读与题目有关的资料并做笔记，然后写出草稿，再写成论文。他会计划好在作业该交的前两三天完成，以便如果花费的时间超过预期，他还能在规定的最后期限前完成。阿曼达严格遵守一张学习时间表，其中包括每两小时休息一次。“在你过度疲劳时还试图学习并不明智，”她指出，“短暂的休息，哪怕只是伸展一下身体，呼吸呼吸新鲜空气，也能带来意想不到的效果。”5.学会阅读。“我过去常花许多时间阅读一些无关的资料，”阿曼达回忆说，“但后来我习惯了快读；如的第一句话无关紧要，我便接着读下一段。”“我修过的最

9、好的一门课便是快速阅读，”Then when I sit down to study, I can really focus."2. Study anywhere or everywhere. A university professor in Arizona assigned to tutor underachieving college athletes, recalls a runner who exercised daily. He persuaded him to use the time to memorise biology terms. Another student

10、 stuck a vocabulary list on his bathroom wall and learned a new word every day while brushing his teeth. 3. Organize your materials. At school, Tom played basketball. "I was too busy to waste time looking for a pencil or a missing notebook. I kept everything just where I could get my hands on i

11、t," he says. Paul, a student in New Mexico, keeps two folders for each subject one for the day's assignments, the other for homework completed and ready to hand in. A drawer keeps essentials together and cuts down on time-wasting searches. 4. Organize your time. When a teacher set a long es

12、say, Alex would spend a couple of days reading round the subject and making notes, then he'd do a rough draft and write up the essay. He would aim to finish a couple of days before the assignment was due so that if it took longer than expected, he'd still meet the deadline. Amanda stuck to a

13、 study schedule that included breaks every two hours. "Trying to study when you're overtired isn't smart," she advises. "Even a short break to stretch or get some fresh air can work wonders. 5. Learn how to read. "I used to spend hours going through irrelevant material,&q

14、uot; 2. Study anywhere or everywhere. A university professor in 果一段文章的第一句话无关紧要，我便接着读下一段。”“我修过的最好的一门课便是快速阅读，”一名俄克拉荷马州的学生说，“我不仅提高了每分钟阅读的词数，而且学会了首先看书的目录和插图。这样，当我开始阅读时，我就对阅读材料先有了一些了解，而且能记住更多的内容。”在这些学生看来，有效阅读的奥秘就在于做一个主动的阅读者，即能不断提出一些能使自己充分理解所读材料的问题。6.做好笔记。“在写任何东西之前，我先把一页纸分成两部分，”阿曼达说，“左边部分约占纸宽的三分之一；右边部分占三分

15、之二。我把笔记写在宽的一边，而把中心思想写在左边。这在复习时非常有用，因为你马上就能看到为什么这些材料是有关的，而不用为信息量太大而发愁。”在下课铃响起之前，多数学生便已经合上书本，收好作业，和朋友们说说话儿，准备离开了。而聪明的学生却利用这几分钟，用两三句话写出这堂课的要点，下一次上课之前，他便可以把这些要点浏览一遍。7.问问题。“如果你问问题，你立刻就会知道，你是否已经掌握了要点，”阿历克斯说。课堂参与是一种求知欲的显示。例如，在经济学课上，好奇的学生会问，中国经济怎么可能既是社会主义的，又是市场驱动的，从而使他们不仅对于“什么”，而Amanda remembers. "But

16、then I got used to reading quickly; if the first sentence of a paragraph wasn't relevant, I'd move on to the next paragraph." "The best course I ever took," says an Oklahoma student "was speed-reading. I not only increased my words per minute but also learned to look at a

17、 book's table of contents and pictures first. Then, when I began to read, I had a sense of the material and I retained a lot more." To such students, the secret of good reading is to be an active reader one who keeps asking questions that lead to a full understanding of the material being r

18、ead. 6. Take good notes. "Before writing anything, I divide my page into two parts," says Amanda, "the left part is about a third of the page wide; the right, two-thirds. I write my notes in the wider part, and put down the main ideas on the left. During revision, this is very useful

19、because you can see immediately why the material is relevant, rather than being worried by a great mass of information." Just before the end of lesson bell rings, most students close their books, put away papers, talk to friends and get ready to leave. But a smart student uses those few minutes

20、 to write two or three sentences about the lesson's main points, which he scans before the next class. 7. Ask questions. "If you ask questions, you know at once whether you have got the point or not," says Alex. Class participation is a matter of showing intellectual curiosity. In a le

21、cture on economics, for example, curious students would ask how the Chinese economy could be both socialist and market-driven, thus interesting themselves not only in whats, but also in whys and hows. 且对于“为什么”和“怎么样”产生兴趣。8.一起学习。一起学习的价值从加州大学伯克利分校的一项试验中显示了出来。该校的一位研究生在观察大一的微积分课程时，发现美国亚裔学生在一起讨论家庭作业，尝试不同的

22、方法，并相互解释他们各自的解题方法，而其他学生则独自学习，把大部分时间用在反复阅读课文上，一次又一次地试用同一种方法，即便这种方法并不成功。毕竟，优等生的“奥秘”并不那么神秘。你也能学会和掌握这些奥秘，成为一名优等生。8. Study together. The value of working together was shown in an experiment at the University of California at Berkeley. A graduate student there who observed a first-year calculus course fou

23、nd that Asian-American students discussed homework, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another while the others studied alone, spent most of their time reading and rereading the text, and tried the same approach time after time even if it was unsuccessful. After all, the

24、 secrets of A students are not so secret. You can learn and master them and become an A student, too. (选自21世纪大学英语第一册第一单元A篇课文)一、语块寻赏1. 以优异的成绩毕业 2. 成绩好的秘诀3. 充分发挥4. 很重要不太重要5. 不能说明全部问题 6. 学习差碌碌无为7. 不是唯一的原因要素8. 未必 9. 花,投入(时间)10. 学习差的工作差的11. 不容、不许（做）12. 这并意味着,而意味着13. 不做14. 学习好；有成就的15. 了解懂得知道16. 使人(充分理解)17

25、. 浪费时间做18. 找到得到某物19. 减少20. 目的在于打算21. 如期完成22. 和有关,是的问题23. 市场驱动的（n+pp.）24. 大量的 25. 整理/放26. 严格按照遵守 27. 很有效，带来意想不到的效果,创造奇迹28. 从中发现看出29. 学习并掌握30. 理解/掌握 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 二、语块妙用1. “Trying to study when youre overt

26、ired isnt smart”, she advises. Even a short break to stretch or get some fresh air can work wonders.”译：“在你过度疲劳时还试图学习并不明智，”她指出，“短暂的休息，哪怕只是伸展一下身体，呼吸呼吸新鲜空气，也能带来意想不到的效果。” l 语块欣赏：work wonders l 语块释义：很有效，很有帮助，创造奇迹。l 语块巧用：兴趣是最好的老师。Ø 平庸句：Interest is the best teacher.Ø 巧变句：Interest can work wonders

27、.l 学以致用Ø 撒谎是没用的，有时如实相告可能更好。Trying to lie isnt smart. Sometimes to tell what it is can work wonders.Ø 钢铁意志铸造奇迹。Iron will works wonders. Ø 诚实可以带来长久的友谊。Honesty works wonders in fostering everlasting friendship. Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck?（1998.6四级作文真题）小试身手Ø 幸运数字真得能带来好运吗

28、？您的译文： 小试身手Ø 我们希望来年的中央台春晚将能再创辉煌。您的译文： Nothing succeeds without strong will(2011.四级作文真题）小试身手Ø 只有依靠坚强的意志，勤奋才能发挥其真正的功效。您的译文： 2. Knowing how to make the most of ones abilities counts for much more. 译：知道如何让自己的能力得到充分利用更为重要。 l 语块欣赏：count for much/ nothing/ littlel 语块释义：很重要/一点都不重要/无关紧要l 语块巧用：如何适应大

29、学生活非常重要。Ø 平庸句： It is very important to know how to adjust to college life.Ø 巧变句：Knowing how to adjust to college life counts for much. l 学以致用Ø 以下几点决定你的成就。The following are the facts that count for a promising prospect. Ø 重要的不是交多少朋友 ，而是交什么朋友。Ø What really counts is not how ma

30、ny friends you make but what kind of friends you are making.Ø 面试时，交流能力比名校学位更重要。Communicating ability counts for much more than a degree of a prestigious college in a job interview. A Letter Declining a Job Offer （2005.12六级作文真题）小试身手Ø 重要的是读什么书，而不是读多少书。您的译文： A Letter Declining a Job Offer （20

31、05.12六级作文真题）小试身手Ø 抓住就业机会远比进一步求学机会重要。您的译文： 3.Brains arent the only answer. 译：智商不是唯一的答案。 l 语块欣赏： not the only +n.l 语块释义：并不是的唯一 l 语块巧用: 金钱不是婚姻幸福的唯一条件。Ø 平庸句：Money isnt the only important thing for a happy marriage.Ø 巧变句：Money is not the only answer to a happy marriage.l 学以致用Ø 惊人的情商并非

32、取得成功的唯一要素。Amazing emotional intelligence is not the only recipe for high achievements.Ø 严厉的惩罚并非是根除醉酒驾驶行为的唯一办法。Severe punishment is not the only solution to drunk driving.小试身手Ø 名和利并非成功的唯一标准。您的译文： The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags（2008.12四级作文真题）小试身手Ø 限塑令不是唯一的解决办法。您的译文： 4. Top students

33、allow no interruptions of their study time. 译：好学生不让自己的学习受到干扰。l 语块欣赏：allow (no ) + n.l 语块释义：不许，容不得l 语块巧用：我们不应该侵犯他人隐私。 Ø 平庸句：We should not invade others privacy. Ø 巧变句：Individual privacy allows no invasion.l 学以致用Ø 不给予言论自由 allow no voice Ø 允许存在差异 allow the existence of differences &

34、#216; 粗心大意学不好数学。Math allows no carelessness.Ø 新政府宣布将严厉打击腐败和其他犯罪行为。The new government declared that they would allow no place for corruption and other crimes. Ø 我们互不干涉私事，这是彼此关系稳定和谐的基础。We allow no interference of personal affairs, which is the basis of steady and harmonious relationship. 小试身

35、手Ø 学生可以免费使用学校数据库。您的译文： Create a Green Campus（2009.12四级作文真题） 小试身手Ø 环境问题非常重要或不容忽视。您的译文： 5. Then, when I began to read, I had a sense of the material and I retained a lot more. 译：这样，当我开始阅读时，我对阅读材料先有了一些了解，而且能记住更多的内容。l 语块欣赏：have a sense of l 语块释义：了解，领悟l 语块巧用：我不了解这个人/这件事。 Ø 平庸句：I dont know

36、him/this thing.Ø 巧变句：I have no sense of him/it. l 学以致用Ø 事实上，我知道目的何在，我明白要做什么。Actually, I have a sense of purpose and I know where I am going. Ø 我们应该从小培养孩子的时间观竞争意识。Children should be brought up with the sense of punctuality/ competition. Ø 好老师应该了解班里每个学生的优缺点。A good teacher should ha

37、ve a sense of the strengths and weaknesses of every student in his class. 小试身手Ø 我们觉得无能力解决此问题。您的译文： 国外旅游（2006.6六级作文真题）小试身手Ø 显然这能使我们更好地理解异国文化。您的译文： 6. During revision, this is very useful because you can see immediately why the material is relevant, rather than being worried by a great mass

38、of information.译：这在复习时非常有用，因为你马上就能看到为什么这些材料是有关的，而不用为信息量太大而发愁。 l 语块欣赏：rather than l 语块释义： 而不是l 语块巧用：我喜欢英语，不喜欢数学。Ø 平庸句：I like English, but not math. Ø 巧变句：I like English rather than math. ? Tips: . “不”这个否定词在英语中除了“not” 外，还有多种表达方式，例如“他不聪明”可以有以下几种表达：He is anything but smart/ he is far from clev

39、erness or being clever. . rather than,为英语句子强调结构，是能把上下动作连贯起来的一个表达；而用汉语思维 “do., but do not(是，而不是)”来表达英语，则体现不出上下连贯的一组动作。l 学以致用Ø 政府只是试图干扰网上发布的反对的帖子,而不是把它们屏蔽掉。The government tries to disrupt opposition postings on Internet, rather than block them.Ø 监管部门说,该法旨在防止食品污染,而不是马后炮。Regulators said the la

40、w is aimed at preventing food contamination rather than responding to it.小试身手Ø 应该是你而不是我在这封信上签字。Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? （2007.6六级作文真题）您的译文： 小试身手Ø 大多数人做好事是为获得愉悦和满足感，而不是为了得到回报。您的译文： 7. A drawer keeps essentials together and cuts down on time-wasting searches.译：把必需的东

41、西整理到抽屉里不必浪费时间寻找。 l 语块欣赏： cut down on l 语块释义：减少l 语块巧用： 医生劝他少喝酒. Ø 平庸句：Doctor advices him to drink less.Ø 巧变句：The doctor advices him to cut down on his drinking.l 学以致用Ø 我们学生要把主要的精力放在学习上，不要老玩游戏。Ø We students should focus on our studies, cutting down on game playing. Ø 很多市民

42、建议,政府要先节流,后开源。Many citizens have suggested that the Government should cut down on expenditure before raising revenue（收入）. 小试身手Ø 杰克正努力戒烟。您的译文： The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags（2008.12四级作文真题）小试身手Ø 严格限制塑料袋的使用也可降低超市的运营成本。您的译文： 8. If you ask questions, you know at once whether you have g

43、ot the point or not. 译：如果你问问题，你立刻就会知道，你是否已经掌握了要点。 l 语块欣赏： get (miss) the point l 语块释义：抓住了(没抓住)中心、要点l 语块巧用：你说的对。 Ø 平庸句：You are right.Ø 巧变句：Youve got to/hit the point.l 学以致用Ø 如果没听懂的话就让对方再重复一遍。Ask the speaker to repeat what he says if you dont get the point.Ø 责怪他没完成任务是没有抓住问题的关键。To b

44、lame him for the failure of the task is to miss the point. 小试身手Ø 现在让我们回到问题的中心。您的译文： What Electives to Choose（2007.12四级作文真题）小试身手Ø 开设选修课的意义在于,它为学生提供更多的机会来发展自身兴趣。您的译文： 9. Class participation is a matter of showing intellectual curiosity.译：课堂参与是一种求知欲的体现。l 语块欣赏： a matter ofl 语块释义：体现的问题,关系到l 语块巧

45、用：献血是爱心的体现。Ø 平庸句：To donate blood shows that you have love.Ø 巧变句：Blood donation is a matter of love and devotion. l 学以致用Ø 关键在于付出 a matter of devotion Ø 关系到名声 a matter of reputation Ø 生死攸关的问题 a matter of life and death Ø 有效学习不仅要了解学什么，还要知道怎么学和先学什么。Effective study is not on

46、ly a matter of knowing what to learn but how to learn and what to learn first. Ø 领导力就是用你的性格魅力鼓励队员充分发挥他们的潜力完成共同目标。Leadership is a matter of encouraging your team to make the most of their potential to achieve the common goal with your charisma. 小试身手Ø 处理这些问题全凭经验。 您的译文： Teachers Day（ 2005.6四级

47、作文真题）小试身手Ø 教学的关键在于敬业和投入。 您的译文： 10. The most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams.译：最聪明的学生并不一定就是考试成绩最好的。l 语块欣赏： do not necessarily l 语块释义：并不一定l 语块巧用： 高分并不代表高能。 Ø 平庸句：High marks dont represent high ability. Ø 巧变句：High marks dont necessarily reflect ones real abilitie

48、s. l 学以致用Ø 我可以听听你的解释，但并不表示我原谅你。My agreement to listening to your explanation doesnt necessarily mean that I forgive you. Ø 独自旅行肯定要与陌生人打交道。Traveling alone will necessarily involve communicating with strangers. 小试身手? 到国外读书未必意味着你将获得更高质量的教育。您的译文： Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?（ 2000.6四

49、级作文真题）小试身手? 英语考试成绩好并不意味着口语成绩就好。 您的译文： 11. Once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspaper unread.译:书一旦打开，就不再接电话，看电视或看报纸了。 l 语块欣赏：un+过去分词 l 语块释义：还没有完成或不去完成这个动作l 语块巧用：多年来人们一直不重视这些问题。 Ø 平庸句：People have paid no attention to those problems these years.Ø 巧变句：For ye

50、ars, these problems have been left unnoticed / unmentioned. 学以致用Ø 流于一般 go ordinaryØ 瓦解、四分五裂 go segmented、disorganizedØ 被忽视 go neglectedØ 变得不自在 go uneasyØ 腐败 go corruptedØ 这么多问题都没有解决，这对夫妻不可能和好如初。The couple could not make up with each other with so many problems unsolved.

51、。? Tips: 相对汉语而言，系动词是英语特有的。系动词+过去分词表示一种趋势。小试身手Ø 在找工作的时候，我们不能不考虑经济因素。 您的译文： It Pays to Be Honest（ 2003.1四级作文真题）小试身手Ø 诚实行为往往很难摆脱得了他人的质疑和诋毁。 您的译文： 三、语块演练一：请用本课语块改写以下段落。? 原段落：Doing part-time job is very necessary for college students. It is because the society is different from the college life. You are a good student, but you may not be a good worker. We must regard the first part-time job as our first step into the society, and it is really helpful for those who care so much a