国贸关键术语

1、国贸关键术语第一章相互依存interdependence贸易引力模型gravity model国际贸易理论international trade theory国际贸易政策international trade policy国际收支balance of payments外汇市场foreign exchange markets国际收支的调节adjustment in balance of payments微观经济学microeconomics宏观经济学macroeconomics开放经济宏观经济学open-economy macroeconomics国际金融international financ

2、e全球化globalization反全球化运动anti-globalization movement新保护主义new protectionism第二章贸易基础basis for trade贸易所得gains from trade贸易模式pattern of trade重商主义mercantilism绝对优势absolute advantage自由放任laissez-faire比较优势原理law of comparative advantage劳动价值论labor theory of value机会成本理论opportunity cost theory生产可能性曲线production poss

3、ibility frontier固定的机会成本constant opportunity cost相对商品的价格relative commodity prices第三章机会成本递增increasing opportunity costs边际转换率marginal rate of transformation,MRT社会无差异曲线community indifference curve边际替代率marginal rate of substitution,MRS自给自足autarky孤立均衡的相对商品价格equilibrium-relative commodity price in isolatio

4、n显性比较优势revealed comparative advantage贸易条件下均衡equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade不完全分工incomplete specialization分工所得gains from spccialization交易所得gains from exchange去工业化deindustrialization第四章提供曲线offcr curves相互需求曲线reciprocal demand curves贸易条件terms of trade商品或净易货贸易条件commodity or net barter ter

5、ms of trade一般均衡模型general equilibrium model第五章相同的生产技术same technology劳动密集型商品labor-intensive commodity资本密集型商品capital-intensive commodity劳动资本比率labor-capital ratio , L/K资本劳动比率capital-labor ratio , K/L规模报酬不变constant returns to scale完全竞争perfect competition国内要素流动internal factor mobility国际间要素流动international

6、factor mobility要素丰裕度 actor abundance相对要素价格relative factor prices派生需求derived demand赫克歇尔一俄林（赫一俄）理论Heckscher-Ohlin( H-O) theory赫克歇尔一俄林（赫一俄）定理factor-proportions or factor-endowment theory要素比例或要素禀赋理论Hechscher-Ohlin( H-O) theorem要素价格均等（赫一俄一萨）定理factor-price equalization( H-O-S) theoreml特定要素模型specific-facto

7、rs model投入产出表input-output table进口替代品import substitutes里昂惕夫之谜Leontief paradox人力资本human capital要素密集度的颠倒factor-intensity reversal替代弹性elasticity of substitution第六章规模报酬递增increasing returns to scale垄断monopoly寡头垄断oligopoly外包outsourcing国际规模经济international economies of scale外部经济external economies差别产品differen

8、tiated products产业内贸易intra-industry tradetution产业内贸易指数intra-industry trade index( T)垄断竞争monopolistic competition技术差距模型technological gap model产品生命周期模型product cycle model运输成本transport or logistics costs非贸易商品与劳务nontraded goods and services一般均衡分析general equilibrium analysis局部均衡分析partial equilibrium analy

9、sis资源定向型产业resource-oriented industries市场定向型产业market-oriented industries流动型产业footloose industries环保标准environmental standards第七章比较静态comparative statics动态分析dynamic analysis平衡增长balanced growth雷布津斯基理论Rybczynski theorem中兴技术进步neutral technical progress劳动节约型技术进步labor-saving technical progress资金节约型技术进步capita

10、l-saving technical progress产生贸易的生产和消费protrade production and consumption 反贸易的生产和消费antitrade production and consumption 中性的生产和消费neutral production and consumption正常品normal goods劣等品inferior good贸易条件效应terms-of-trade effect福利效应wealth effect不行的增长immisering growth第八章贸易或商业政策trade or commercial polices进口关税i

11、mport tariff出口关税export tariff从价关税ad valorem tariff从量关税specific tariff混合关税compound tariff关税消费效应consumption effect of a tariff关税生产效应production effect of a tariff关税贸易效应trade effect of a tariff关税收入效应revenue effect of a tariff消费者剩余consumer surplus租金或生产者剩余rent or producer surplus关税保护成本或重负损失protection cost

12、 or deadweight loss of a tariff名义关税nominal tariff有效保护率rate of effective protection国内增加值domestic value added禁止性关税Prohibitive tariff斯托尔帕一萨缪尔森定理Stolper-Samuelson theorem梅特泽尔悖论Metzler paradox最优关税optimum tariff第九章配额quota非关税贸易壁垒nontariff trade barriers,NTBs新保护主义new protectionism自动出口限制voluntary export rest

13、raints,VERs技术的、行政的与其他法规technical，administrative，and other regulations国际卡特尔international cartel集中化的卡特尔centralized cartel倾销dumping持续性倾销persistent dumping掠夺性倾销predatory dumping偶然性倾销sporadic dumping触发价格机制trigger-price mechanism出口补贴export subsidies进出口银行export-import bank外国销售公司Foreign Sales Corporations,F

14、SC反补贴税countervailing duties,CVDs科学关税scientific tariff幼稚产业观点infant-industry argument战略性贸易政策strategic trade policy工业政策industrial policy博弈理论game theory1930年斯穆特-汉利关税法Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 19301934年贸易协定法Trade Agreements Act of 1934最惠国原则most-favored-nation principle双边贸易bilateral trade关贸总协定General Agr

15、eement on Tariff and Trade,GATT多边贸易谈判multilateral trade negotiations国际贸易组织International Trade Organization,ITO危险点条款peril-point provisions豁免条款escape clause . -.国家安全条款national security clause1962年贸易扩大法Trade Expansion Act of 1962贸易调整援助trade adjustment assistance肯尼迪回合Kennedy Round1974年贸易改革法Trade Reform

16、Act of 1974东京回合Tokyo Round1984年关税和贸易法Trade and Tariff Act of 19841988年贸易和竞争法Omnibus Trade and Competitivenness Act of 1988乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round世彝贸易组织World Trade Organization,WTO贸易保护授权或快车道速trade promotion authority or fast track反全球化运动antiglobalization movement多哈回合Doha Round第十章经济一体化economic integration特惠

17、贸易协定preferential trade arrangements自由贸易区free trade area关税同盟customs union共同市场common market经济联盟economic union免税区或自由经济区duty-free zones or free economic zones贸易创造trade creation贸易创造关税同盟trade-creating custom union贸易转移trade diversion贸易转移关税同盟trade-diverting customs union次优理论theory of the second best关税工厂tari

18、ff factories欧盟European Union,UN可变进口税额variable import levies欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Association, EFTA贸易偏差trade deflection欧洲经济区European Economic Area, EEA北美自由贸易协定North American Free Agreement, NAFTA南部共同市场Southern common market,Mercosur经济互助委员会Council of Mutual Economic Assistance,CMEA国家贸易公司state tr

19、ading companies中央计划经济centrally planned economies双边协议bilateral agreements大宗购买bulk purchasing中欧自由贸易联盟Central European Free Trade Association,EFTA新独立国家Newly Independent Strites, NIS独联体Commonwealth of Independent States,CIS中东欧国家Central and Eastern European Countries,CEEC波罗的海国家自由贸易区Baltic States Free Tra

20、de Area,BAFTA 第十一章新居民地regions of recent settlement增长动力engine of growth剩余出口vent for surplus内生性增长理论endogenous growth theory亚洲经济高增长High-Performance Asian Economies , HPAEs商品，或纯物物交换贸易条件commodity,or net barter,terms of trade贸易收入条件income terms of trade单边要素贸易条件single factoral terms of trade双边要素贸易条件double f

21、actoral terms of trade出口波动export instability市场委员会marketing boards国际商品协定international commodity agreements缓冲库存储备buffer stocks出口管制export controls购货合约purchase contracts进口替代工业化import-substitution industrialization,ISI出口导向工业化export-oriented industrialization外债foreign debt新兴工业化国家newly industrialized econo

22、mies, NIEs出口悲观论export pessimism国际经济新秩序New International Economic Order, NIEO联合国贸易发展大会United Nations Conferences on Trade and Development,UNCTAD第十二章组合投资portfolio investments直接投资direct investments资产组合理论portfolio theory风险分散化risk diversification横向一体化horizontal integration纵向一体化vertical integration跨国公司mul

23、tinational corporations,MNCs转移定价transfer pricing脑力流失brain drain第十三章国际收支平衡表balance of payments贷方交易credit transactions借方交易debit transactions资本流人capital inflows资本流出capital outflows复式记账法double-entry bookkeeping单方面转移支付unilateral transfers统计误差statistical discrepancy经常项目current account资本项目capital account自主

24、性交易autonomous transactions调节性交易accommodating transactions官方储备账户official reserve account官方结算余额official settlements balance国际收支赤字deficit in the balance of payments国际收支盈余surplus in the balance of payments国际投资头寸international investment position第十四章外汇市场foreign exchange market国际支付货币vechicle currency铸造利差se

25、ignorage欧元Euro汇率exchange rate贬值depreciation升值appreciation交叉汇率cross exchange rate有效汇率effective exchange rate套利arbitrage即期汇率spot rate远期汇率forward rate远期贴水forward discount远期升水forward premlum货币互换currency sawp外汇期货foreign exchange futures外汇期权foreign exchange option外汇风险foreign exchange risk套期保值hedging投机spec

26、ulation稳定性的投机stabilizing speculation不稳定性的投机destabilizing speculation利率套利interest arbitrage无抛补套利uncovered interest arbitrage抛补套利covered interest arbitrage抛补套利平价covercd interest arbitrage parity,CIAP抛补套利利润率covered interest arbitrage margin,CIAM外汇市场的有效性effeciency of foreign exchange markets欧洲货币Eurocurr

27、ency欧洲货币市场Eurocurrency market离岸存款offshore deposits欧洲债券Eurobonds欧洲票据Euronotes第十五章购买力平价理论purchasing-power parity(PPP) theory绝对购买力平价理论absolute putchasing-power parity theory一价法则law of one price相对购买力平价理论relative purchasing-power parity theory贝拉萨-塞缪尔森效应Balassa-Samuelson effect国际收支的货币分析法monctary approach

28、to the balance of payments货币需求demand for money货币供给supply of money基础货币monetary base实际汇率real exchange rate资产组合平衡法portfolio balance approach即期汇率的预期变化expected change in the spot rate风险溢价risk premium(RP)汇率超调exchange rate overshooting第十六章贸易或弹性方法trade or elasticity approach贬值devaluation荷兰病Dutch disease稳定的外

29、汇市场stable foreign exchange market不稳定的外汇市场unstable foreign exchange market马歇尔-勒纳条件Marshall-Lerner condition弹性悲观主义clasticity pessimism识别问题identification problemJ曲线效应J-curve effect传递pass-through金本位制gold standard铸币平价mint parity黄金输出点gold cxport point黄金输入点gold import point价格黄金流动机制price-specie-flow mechanism货币数量论quantity theory of money全本位铡的博弈规则rules of the game of the gold standard第十七章封闭经济closed economy均衡国民收入水平equilibrium level of national income预期或计划的投资desired or planned investment边际消费倾向marginal propensity to consume,MPC消费函数consumption function储蓄函数saving function边际储蓄