专八各种类型错误及常考词汇误用

1、 以下八大高频考点的分类出自华研·专八人文知识与改错，现将八大类错误整理如下，主要包括：1.短语搭配错误；2.易混词错误；3.逻辑关系错误；4.代词错误（一致错误）；5.冠词错误；6.形容词和副词使用错误；7.成分残缺或冗余；8.动词时态或语态错误。 笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误，首先了解错误类型，对应对改错具有重要意义。 另外，笔者在总结华研·专八人文知识与改错和星火·专八改错满分突破60篇两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上，搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子（语法词汇类错误居多），并根据所属错误类型整理如下。（注意：带>的表示

2、前边的是错误的，后边的是改正之后的；其他的没有正确错误之分）1.短语搭配错误 （大部分为介词错误）in return to > in return forthe need of > the need forsubstitute A with B > substitute A for Baccount 70% -> account for 70%under the grounds of/that > on the grounds of/thatattitude on life > attitude towards/to lifein a quick

3、speed > at a quick speedwith many respects > in many respectsat the face of > in the face(s) offall victim of  -> fall victim to resistance of > resistance toembark sth > embark on sthat advance of sth > in advance of sthinterpret to > interpret asin line to > in line

4、 withtake pride of > take pride inleap out to me > leap out at mecharge him with the same price > charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B > imbalance between A and Bshed light to sth > shed light on sthin proportion with > in proportion tobe contrasted to > be co

5、ntrasted within contrast with -> in contrast toat the first place > in the first placeyearn to > yearn forat average > on averageidentify oneself to > identify oneself withconsumers demand of luxury goods > consumers demand for luxury goodson ones 30s > in ones 30sdistinguish A

6、with B -> distinguish A from Bemphasis of emphasis on 2.易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative imaginaryadapt adoptconfirm conformformer formaldiary dairypersonal personnelbeside besidesprincipal principleintelligent intelligibleconscious conscientiousstationary stationeryconsiderate considerableaffect(影响

7、) effect(致使、达成)contact contractmoral moraleindustrious industrialdesert dessertrequire acquire inquirepresence presentationsensible sensitivetransformation transmissionvalue evaluatetense tensionanything somethingcooker cookcomplexity(复杂性) complex(合成体)insurance assuranceprovide(提供) provided/providin

8、g(假设，如果)perceive conceiveeffective(有效的) affective(受影响的，由引起的) (2)形近(形异)近义词latter laterlate(迟的，已故的) latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距离更远) further(程度更进一步)healthy(健康的) healthful(有益健康的)effective efficientcontinual(连续的) continuous(持续不断的)respectable respectfulhistoric historicalrise arise raise arousesure insu

9、re ensure assurein return to in response toopposite oppositionproducing productivelonely aloneacross crossimpressed - impressivepermit(n.通行证) permissionrelating relatedmemorizing memorablenormal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) norm(规范,行为标准)favorite favorableacceptability acceptanceeconomical economicfew littlea few

10、 fewlittle a littleinvent discoverbefore agoanother otheragent(代理人) agency(代理机构)reward(回馈) award(奖赏)special specific (3)兼有两种形式的副词firstly first (firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序，first表示时间上“第一次、首次”)hardly(几乎不) hard(努力地)sure surelylate latelyclear(完全地、径直地) clearly(显然、清楚地)high(高度高地) highly(程度高地、非常)close(接近地、紧密地

11、) closely(紧密地、严密地)most(最) most(大部分) (4)反义词with withoutpossible impossiblesubjective objectiveimport exportbetter worseemployee employeremployment unemploymentmodifiable unmodifiablenatural unnaturaldiscernable indiscernablelent borrowedexclusive inclusiveindependency dependencywilling unwilling

12、nothing more than nothing less thanagree disagreerarely frequently / oftenspecific generalless more (still more still less)most leastknown unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管”)majority minorityresult in result fromfortunately - unfortunatelypowerful powerlesseasiness uneasinessprofe

13、ssional amateuraware unawareinclude exclude (5) 名词单复数异义moral morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”) collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”)manner(方法,方式) manners(礼仪,礼节)saving savings(复数表示“存款”)specie(硬币) species(种类)（species只有单数）mean(n.平均值) means(方法)Value-values (6) 易混短语live with(同一起生活,忍受)

14、live by(靠过活)go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) go around(四处走动,绕道走)tend to intend toin next week(以当下时间为基准点) in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)spend in doing sth spend on sthdie of(内部) die from(外部)rather than other thanhave sb do sth have sth donetake on(从事，开始对付，呈现) go on(继续)take place take the place

15、 ofconsist in(在于) consist of(包括)in all(总共) after all(毕竟)in return(作为报答) in turn(反过来，轮流)one reason for +短语 one reason why +句子bring out(使显露，使显现) bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船)抵达目的地)be worth doing be worthwhile to doreact to(对作出反应) react with(以作出反应)apply to(将应用于) apply for(请求，申请)   3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错

16、误）therefore nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)and but / whileor andbut becausemoreover howeverafter beforesince althoughthere is no there is alsothat iffrom now on from then onall nonebesides yetif unlessbesides excepttherefore becauseso becauseso does he neither/nor does hetha

17、ts why +结果 thats because +原因as if even ifwhether if   4.代词错误（一致错误）their its/histhat those (需要特别注意)which that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)which whatit itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)that/this it (只有it可作形式主语)his ones (泛指时用one)you yourselfit theythis suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are toda

18、y XX is less sophisticated than they are today   5.冠词错误(1)定冠词多余on the either side > on either sidein the Europe > in Europein the winter > in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)take the issue > take i

19、ssue(对持异议，不同意) (2)定冠词缺漏among most > among the mostone of first > one of the firstatmosphere > the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)（另外还有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest > between us and the restin minority > in the minorityaround floor > around the floorpiano > the pia

20、no (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)English language > the English languageat heart of > at the heart ofworld > the world(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run > in the long run (3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference > illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及) 注意以下短语的区别in church i

21、n the churchat college at the collegein court in the courtin hospital in the hospitalin office in the officein prison in the prisonat sea at the seain school in the schoolat table at the table   6.形容词与副词使用错误have been currently > currentbe well equipped as > be as well equipped a

22、sheavy industrialized > heavily-industrializedspread colossal > spread colossallysimilar strong > similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year > keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted > feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion > comparatively hi

23、gh proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth > start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years > in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes > culturally embedded attitudesas much as > as often asfrom one meter afar > from one meter awayincreasing > increasinglysimple > simply

24、pure > purelymuch > manymany > morelarge > largerearly > earlier   7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get > a world in which I could getshows > that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)take for granted that > take it for grated that1980 1980sone of the most glaring

25、 form > one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest > their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)complain about sth > complain sthwork sth > work out sthbelieve in believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”，believe in表示“信任某人，信仰”)point sth > point out sth20 percents > 20 percenteyes contact > eye contactseven sevenththe process which it function > the process