中国应用IUCN保护地类别体系

1、 the context 背景 relevance of the iucn pa categories iucn保护地类别的合理性 regulations for pas in china 中国保护地条例 problems and prospects 问题和前景 recommendations 建议analysis of pa situation in china by patf 保护地课题组关于中国保护地现状的分析major constraints related to lack of flexibility in legal & management options identif

2、ied 主要问题是缺乏法律的灵活性和管理方法的多样选择lack of understanding of management objective-based categorisation of pas 对为管理目的而建立的保护地类别体系缺乏了解need felt for review in relation to the iucn categories system & to assess feasibility of its application 根据iucn类别体系进行评审，并对应用这一体系的可行性进行评估 detailed presentation already made b

3、y adrian phillips on basic concepts and relevance. adrian phillips已经详细陈述了基本概念和相关内容 please also refer to the relevant sections in draft report. 请参考报告草案的相关部分principal one 1994 regulations on nature reserves (nrs) 最重要的是1994年颁布的自然保护区（nr）条例nature reserve land management measures, 1995 自然保护区土地管理措施，1995pri

4、nciples for classifying the grades & categories of nature reserves, 1993 自然保护区等级和类别划分原则，1993regulations on scenic & historic interest areas, 1985 风景和历史名胜区条例，1985regulations of forestry parks, 1993 森林公园条例，1993temporary outline provisions on ecological function zones, 2002 生态功能区暂行条款，2002nation

5、al standards classify nrs into 3 categories and 9 types. 国家标准将自然保护区划分为3大类别和9个类型management zones of nrs to comprise “core”, “buffer”, “experimental” & “outer” zones. 自然保护区的管理区由核心区、缓冲区、实验区和外围带组成some broad purposes defined for each zone, along with management prescriptions. 每个区制定了主要目标以及相应的管理规定other

6、 protected areas also have management prescriptions & proscriptions in regulations relevant to them. 其他保护地在相关条例中制定的管理规定和禁令please refer to tables 2 and 3 in draft report. 请参考报告草案表一和表二category of protected area保护地类保护地类别别sub-category or type亚类别或亚类别或类型类型management zone管理区管理区examples of existing prot

7、ected areas 现有保护地特例现有保护地特例potentially possible assignment to iucn categories可能归属的可能归属的iucn类别类别1.nature reserve自然保护区ecosystem type生态系统类生态系统类型型 xishuangbana; qilianshan; nansihu; lop nur desert nr西双版纳；祁连山；西双版纳；祁连山；南南泗湖泗湖；罗布泊罗布泊i, ii, v, or vi wildlife type野生生物类野生生物类型型 woolong; crested ibis reserve卧龙卧龙

8、 ；朱鹮；朱鹮保护区保护区iv natural relic type自然遗迹类自然遗迹类型型 mt. qinglongshan;wudalianchi volcanic field青龙青龙山；五山；五大连大连池池火山火山iii core area核心区核心区 ia buffer zone缓冲区缓冲区 ia or ib experimental zone实验区实验区 ii or vi outer protection area外围保护外围保护带带 vcategory of protected area保护地类保护地类别别sub-category or type亚类别或亚类别或者类型者类型mana

9、gement zone管理地带管理地带examples of existing protected areas 现有保护地现有保护地特例特例potentially possible assignment to iucn categories可能归属的可能归属的iucniucn类别类别2.forest park森林公园森林公园 fujian fuzhou; fujian longyan福建福州；福福建福州；福建建 龙岩龙岩ii, vi3.scenic interest area风景名胜区风景名胜区 huanglong; wulingyuan; jiuzhaigou黄龙；武陵源；黄龙；武陵源；九寨

10、沟九寨沟ii, v4.ecological function conservation area生态功能保生态功能保护区护区 gansu; shaanxi qinling甘肃；陕西秦甘肃；陕西秦岭岭 v, or severalv，或者几个或者几个all chinese protected areas qualify under the iucn definition 所有中国保护地符合iucn的保护地定义no specific management prescriptions to distinguish each of the 3 categories of nrs 没有具体的管理规定区分三

11、种自然保护区类别“buffer zone” is not a traditional bz and only marginally different from the “core zone” “缓冲区”不是传统的“buffer zone”，和“核心区”区别很小“outer/peripheral zone” is only an optional zone “外围带”只是可选择的区域efca a potential protected area? 生态功能区是潜在的保护地？regulations enable integration of nrs within overall plans of

12、 local governments 需要将自然保护区融入地方政府的整体规划的条例conflicts between pa agencies and local communities 保护地机构与当地社区的冲突no policy or regulations to govern resource use rights 没有制定对资源使用权进行管理的政策或者条例lack of clarity in objectives for management zones 管理区的目标模糊stakeholder participation in preparation of pa management p

13、lans missing 利益相关者没有参与保护地管理规划的筹备工作need for protected areas corresponding to categories v & vi 需要建立与类别v和类别vi相应的保护地 frame rules under section 42 of the 1994 regulations on nature reserves to distinguish existing 3 categories 1994年条例第四十二章制定了区分现有保护地三大类别的规则 rationalise zoning system & clearly def

14、ine management objectives for each zone 分区制合理化，明确每个区的管理目标 allow for multi-category identity for pas 允许保护地划归多个类别 be mindful of the “three-fourth” rule 注意“四分之三”原则 adopt a unified framework law to cover all categories/types of protected areas 制定包含所有保护地类别/类型的统一的法律框架 assign overall coordination & ove

15、rsight function to one agency, including for framework law & subordinate legislation 赋予单个机构整体协调和监督的权利，制定框架法律和其附属法律 broad consultative process involving all key stakeholders must determine categories most appropriate to china 向所有重要利益相关者集思广益，确定最适合中国的类别 purpose & function that protected areas a

16、re expected to fulfill must determine categories 保护地预期实现的目标和功能必须与类别相一致 avoid tendency to match names to iucn categories 避免配合iucn类别名称的倾向 use principal management objective as the main basis 把主要管理目标作为主要基础 re-assess existing protected areas & assign categories after new legislation & categories

17、 system is established 建立新的法规和类别体系之后，重新评估现有保护地，划分类别 do not link re-assessment to management status only to objectives as originally established 重新评估不考虑管理现状，只关注原定目标 national protected areas system plan should drive review of existing protected areas & creation of new ones 制定国家级保护地体系规划，从而对现有保护地进行评

18、审，创建新的保护地 consider graded system of protection using most or all categories to achieve diverse objectives 利用多数或者所有类别完善分级保护体系，实现不同目标category lvyesnois the area managed through legal or other effective means?not a protected areais the sustainable use of natural products to meet local community needs a

19、llowed in the area?yesnonot a protected areayesis habitat manipulation a primary management tool?yescategory lvnois managed visitor use a primary objective?nodoes the area contain predominantly unmodified natural systems?yesnocategory vlcategory vis the objective to protect a specific natural or natural/cultural features?is habita